intro to translation.pdf

Translation: theory  ▪ Source language (SL) (BSu) ▪ Source text ▪ Target language ▪ Target text ▪ Translation ▪ Translating ▪ Translator Technical term ▪ Translate...

Translation: theory  ▪ Source language (SL) (BSu) ▪ Source text ▪ Target language ▪ Target text ▪ Translation ▪ Translating ▪ Translator Technical term ▪ Translate ▪ Translation competence ▪ Target reader ▪ Accuracy ▪ Acceptability ▪ Readability  ▪ Foreign language capability is limited ▪ Capability of writing (Indonesian text) is limited. ▪ An attempt to transfer science and Why does technology of other countries to Indonesia need Indonesia. translation? ▪ Translation is seen as the most efficient and effective in transferring science and technology.  Similar concept/ meaning can be expressed in different ways. E.g.: Is translation ▪ Silakan duduk. possible to be ▪ sit down, done? (yes) ▪ please take a seat, Similar concept/ meaning can be expressed in different languages. E.g.: ▪ I love you ▪ Aku mencintaimu (Indonesia) ▪ Holong do rohangku tu ho (Batak Tapanuli) ▪ Aku tresno panjenengan (Jawa)  ▪ High school students conduct a translation as getting task from their Is everyone who teacher are not a translator. translates a text ▪ They are language learner. called a ▪ Someone is a translator if he/she has translation competence and if she/he is translator? (No) doing a translation job to make money.  TRANSLATOR ▪ Master two languages ▪ Communicative competence ▪ Transfer competence Similarity and Difference between translator and BILINGUAL bilingual ▪ Master two languages ▪ Communicative competence ▪ Transfer competence (not necessary)  ▪ Bilingual: ▪ involving or using two languages (bilingual education), ▪ someone who is bilingual can speak two Bilingual languages extremely fluently, usually because they learn both languages as a child. ▪Transferring meaning or transferring form?  ▪ A translation text is ▪ ST TT ▪ Equivalent Translation ▪ same meaning/messages product ▪ Equivalent in macro level ▪ letter is translated into letter  ▪ Involves two languages; ▪ ST and TT Characteristic of ▪ ST and TT are different in semantics, translation syntax, culture, etc.  ▪ the replacement of textual material in one language (source language) by equivalent textual material in another language (target language) (Catford, definition 1974: 20) ▪ the reproducing in the receptor language closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (Nida dan Taber 1974:12). ▪ Translation is a general term referring to the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language (source) to another (target) whether the language are in written or oral form, whether the language have established orthograpies or do not have standardization, or whether one or both is based on sign, as with sign language of the deaf (Brislin, 1976: 1). ▪ the replacement of textual material in one language (source language) by equivalent textual material in another language (target language) (Catford, 1974: 20) ▪ the reproducing in the receptor language closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (Nida dan Taber 1974:12). ▪ Translation is a general term referring to the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language (source) to another (target) whether the language are in written or oral form, whether the language have established orthograpies or do not have standardization, or whether one or both is based on sign, as with sign language of the deaf (Brislin, 1976: 1).  Memory Source Language Text Analysis Translation process Semantic Representatio n Target Language Synthesis Text  Source Text Target Text Step 1: Step 3: Analysis Mental Process / Restructuring Another Cognitive Process /Black translation Box process diagram Step 2: Transferring  ▪ Translation is a process of making- decision. ▪ The decisions are influenced by translator competence and target reader. Before translating ▪ Information about target reader is needed. ▪ Prepare translation tools (dictionary, parallel text)  ▪ We, the people doing international business, are the ones bringing the world together, not the diplomats. ▪ E. David Seals, Presiden AMC Entertainment International: Translation competence ▪ But most can’t do it without translators and interpreters because we are the facilitators who allow them to communicate with each other. ▪ Genser, Professional Translator  Important-role Teknologi Kedokteran translator Pengadilan Tukang Sepatu Cepat Murah Resiko Tinggi Lama Mahal Resiko Rendah Dokter Ahli Bedah Penerjemah Pemula Cepat Murah Resiko Tinggi Lama Mahal Resiko Rendah Penerjemah Ahli  23 Roger T. Bell: ▪ Pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang harus dimiliki oleh penerjemah agar dia dapat menerjemahkan (1991) Hurtado Albir: ▪ Pengetahuan tentang cara menerjemahkan (1996) Translation Schaffner & Adab: competence ▪ Pengetahuan deklaratif (pengetahuan tentang penerjemahan) dan pengetahuan prosedural (tahu cara menerjemahkan) (2000)  24 Translation sub- competence ▪ Language, culture, discourse, specific science, strategic, transfer.  TRANSLATION COMPETENCE (PACTE, 2003) Bilingual Sub- Extra linguistic competence Sub-competence STRATEGIC COMPETENCE Knowledge about Instrumental Sub- Translation Sub- competence competence Psycho-physiological Component  26 (Neubert, 2000: 10): “Whatever they may boast about their knowledge, their amazing individual competences, their language skills and their multifarious erudition or their in-depth specialists expertise, even their profound understanding of two or more cultures, all these competences are feathers in the translators' cap. But if this excellent equipment is not matched by the unique transfer competence to produce an adequate replica of an original they have failed. It is not enough to know about translating, it has to be done”  27 ▪ Making decisions in the process of translation can not be done by everyone. ▪ In other words, not everyone can translate and those who do translate are not automatically referred to as a translator (Rothe-Neves, 2007). ▪ Even a bilingual also can not be categorized as a translator. ▪ I love you ▪ Aku cinta kamu ▪ Aku mencintaimu ▪ Saya suka Anda ▪ Hamba mencintai engkau ▪ Daku sayang kamu