intro to rad reviewer.docx

INTRODUCTION TO RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY - X-rays were developed and not discovered - William Crookes - invented the crookes tube - crookes tubes - partially evacuated glass tube - November 8, 1895 - Roentgen discovers xray at Wurzburg university in germany. - Wilhelm Roentgen - Fath...

INTRODUCTION TO RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY - X-rays were developed and not discovered - William Crookes - invented the crookes tube - crookes tubes - partially evacuated glass tube - November 8, 1895 - Roentgen discovers xray at Wurzburg university in germany. - Wilhelm Roentgen - Father of Radiologic Technology - February 1896 - he published the first xray, it was the hand of his wife. - early diagnostic procedure is 30 minutes or longer - 1896 - Michael Pupin demonstrated the use of Radiographic intesifying screen. - Intensifying screen - reduces the x-ray exposure by 95% - 1898 - Thomas A. Edison developed Fluoroscope - Original fluorescent material: Barium platinocyanide - Most recent: zinc, cadmium, sulfade, & calcium tungstate - 1901 - Roentgen receive a novel price in physics - 1904 - Charles L. Leonard demonstrated the double emulsion radiography. - William Rollins - he demonstrated the first application of collimation and filtration - Filtration - absorbs low energy Xrays, contain aluminum and copper - Collimation - it restricts the useful xray beam, reduces scatter radiation, and improves image contract. - 1907 - H.C. Snook introduce interupterless transformer - 1913 - William D. Coolidge introduced Coolidge xray tube - 1913 - Gustav Bucky invented stationary grid - 1915 - Hollis Potter invented moving grid - 1921 - potter-bucky grid was introduced - 1960 - diagnostic UTZ and gamma camera appeared - 1970 - PET scan and CT scan were deveoped - 1980 - MRI become accepted modality BASIC RADIATION PROTECTION \" keep radiation exposure As Low As Reasonably Achievable\" 1. Filtration - metal filters, usually aluminum or copper, are inserted into tube so that low energy Xrays are absorbed before they reach the patient. 2. Collimation - restrict the part of the body that is not included to reduce unnecessary exposure. Also reduces actter radiation and improve image contrast. 3. Protective apparel - Materials that contain lead such as aprons and gloves that are worn by RT. 4. Ganodal Shielding - used will all person of childbearing age, shielding will not interfere with diagnostic value of examination. 5. Protective barriers - The Radiographic or control console is always located behind protective barrie that is 6 inch thick. The barrier is lead lined and equipped with lead glass window. RADIATION - transfer of energy Types of radiation 1. Ionizing Radiation - special type of radiation that is capable of removing orbital electron from the atom. 2. Non ionizing Radiation - radiation that don\'t cause a cancer such as infrared, ultraviolet, microwave. WHAT\'S INSIDE THE RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENT 1\. Xray Machine - used to generate images of the structures inside the body. Types of Xray Machine: - General Radiography - Most important diagnostic tool and most basic form of imaging that usually used for bones. - Portable Xray machine - Easier to transport for patients who cannot be moved. - Fluoroscopy system - Study moving body system and can see the movement, emmits more radiation - Digital Radiography - can use easily and serves as a guideline, doesn\'t use a film digital only. - Mammography - use especially for breast and uses low radiation. 2\. CT Scan ( computed tomography ) - uses combination of Xray and computer technology to provide image, captures more angle. 3\. NucMed ( Nuclear Medicine ) - uses radioactive tracers (radiopharmaceuticals) to diagnose and treat disease. Radiation was taken by the patient. 4\. Ultrasound - Uses sound wave to make a picture of structures, it has no radiation and can be seen in real-time but operator dependent. 5\. MRI ( Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) - uses magnet and radio waves to produce images and does not use ionizing radiation Diagnostic Radiology - Diagnosing patient using images scans. Therapeutic Radiology - also called radiation oncology or radiation therapy, uses high radiation to treat patients. - Linear Accelerator - Customize high energy of Xrays to conform a tumor shape and destroy cancer cells without damaging surrounding tissue. - Brachy-Therapy - radiation treatment that is given directly to the body. WHO IS INSIDE RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENT 1. Rad-tech ( Radiologic Technology ) - perform medical exams to patient to create images of body parts. 2. Radiologist - Specialist who diagnose and interpret the medical imaging. 3. Rad-oncologist - They compute the amount of radiation that is needed to treat the disease. 4. Medical Physicist - They monitor the machines, professional who specialized in medical application of physics. 5. Other Personel - Assess and Manage medical treatment.