Pharmacy Front-End Operations PDF

MODULE 2: PHARMACY FRONT-END OPERATIONS ======================================= TOPIC 1: THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS -------------------------------------------- - Anesthetics - Anticonvulsant/Antiepileptic - Antimigraine - Antiparkinsonism - Antipyretic - Antivertigo -...

MODULE 2: PHARMACY FRONT-END OPERATIONS ======================================= TOPIC 1: THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS -------------------------------------------- - Anesthetics - Anticonvulsant/Antiepileptic - Antimigraine - Antiparkinsonism - Antipyretic - Antivertigo - Medicine for ADHD - Medicine for cerebral edema - Medicine for dementia - Antidepressant - Antipsychotic - Anxiolytics - Hypnotics - Mood stabilizers - Antigout - Anti-osteoporosis - Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - Skeletal Muscle Relaxants - Antibacterials - Antifungal - Antiparasitic - Antiviral - Diagnostic agents - Sera and immunoglobulins - Vaccines - Cardioactive agents - Antihypertensive - Medicine for blood lipid disorder - Medicine for shock - Chronotropic agent - Medicines for peripheral artery occlusive disease - Anticoagulant - Antiasthma - Medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - Antitussive - Respiratory Stimulant - Surfactant - Antihistamine - Coricosteroids - Hematinics - Anticoagulant - Antithrombotics - Thrombolytic - Antifibrinolytic - Anticholinergic - Antiemetic - Antimotility - For peptic ulcer - Laxative/Cathartic - Corticosteroid - Hormonal contraceptive - Antithyroid medicines - Insulin - Oral hypoglycemic - Antihypoglycemic - Oxytocics - Tocolytics - ORS - Ophthalmic - Radio contrast media - Antiinfectives - Antiinflammatory and antipruritics - Antiseptics - Keratolytic - Antipsoriasis - Emollient - Antiinfectives - Antiinflammatory - Medicine for glaucoma - Local anesthetics - Mydriatics - Medicine for Dry Eyes - Topical anesthetics - Topical antibiotic - Topical antimicrobial combinations - Topical antibiotic + corticosteroids - Topical nasal corticosteroids - Topical nasal decongestant TOPIC 2: THE PRESCRIPTION ------------------------- 1. 2. PARTS OF PRESCRIPTION ===================== *PRESCRIBER INFORMATION* - Contains information about the doctor *PATIENT INFORMATION* - Contains information about the patient *SUPERSCRIPTION* - Section of the prescription that contains the "Rx" sign, which means "Take thou" - Contains instruction to the pharmacist - Contains information about the drug - Contains instruction to the patient on how to use the medication PRESCRIPTION ERROR A. Erroneous Prescription ============================================ - If the brand name precedes the generic name. - If the generic name is the one in parenthesis. - If the brand name is not in parenthesis. - Erroneous shall be filled. Such prescription shall be kept and reported by the pharmacist of drug outlet to the nearest DOH office. B. Violative Prescription ========================= - If the generic name is not written - If the generic name is not legibly written, only the brand name is legibly written - If the brand name is indicated but there is an instruction that prevent proper generic dispensing, such as "No Substitution" - Violative prescriptions shall not be filled. Such prescription shall be kept and reported by the pharmacist of drug outlet to the nearest DOH office. C. Impossible Prescription -------------------------- - Only generic name is written but it is not legible. - If the generic name does not correspond to the brand name. - If both generic and brand name are not legible. - If the product is not registered with FDA. - Impossible prescription shall not be filled. Such prescription shall be kept and reported by the pharmacist of drug outlet to the nearest DOH office. TOPIC 3: GENERIC DISPENSING --------------------------- 1. Understand and apply the dispensing process in OTC drugs 2. Understand and apply the dispensing process in prescription drugs. 3. Recognize the importance of patient counselling Generic Dispensing Flowchart: Over The Counter Drugs Prescription Drugs (RX) \| PDF GENERIC DISPENSING FLOWCHART ============================ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.  +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | Greet the customer | | | | with a smile | | | | | | | | Talk to the customer | | | | | | | | Get the order from | | | | the customer | | | | | | | | Repeat the order from | | | | the customer | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | | | It is important that | | | | the customer confirms | | | | that the order is | | | | correct after | | | | repeating the order | | | | back to them | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | Validate the order by | | | | comparing the order | | | | taken based on the | | | | list, prescription, | | | | or the sample that | | | | they brought with | | | | them. | | | | | | | | If the order does not | | | | match, discuss with | | | | the customer | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | Once the order is | | | | validated, proceed to | | | | pick the items | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | Pick the items based | | | | on the list or | | | | prescription | | | | | | | | Compare the | | | | prescription against | | | | the actual items | | | | picked | | | | | | | | Read and check the | | | | name of the item on | | | | the packaging itself | | | | | | | | Have your SIC or RPh | | | | check the items | | | | picked and sign the | | | | prescription | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | Have the cashier | | | | process the payment | | | | after the SIC or RPh | | | | validates the order | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | Compare the | | | | prescription, actual | | | | items picked, and the | | | | POS receipt Ensure | | | | that all of these | | | | matches the | | | | customer's order | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | If there is a | | | | difference, please | | | | consult your SIC or | | | | RPh for the next | | | | steps | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | Once the order is | | | | complete, validated, | | | | and processed, go | | | | back to the customer | | | | and discuss the order | | | | based on the | | | | prescription. | | | | | | | | 1. *What are the | | | | items ordered?* | | | | | | | | 2. *When is the | | | | expiry date?* | | | | | | | | 3. *When should they | | | | take the | | | | medicine?* | | | | | | | | 4. *How much did | | | | they give and how | | | | much is the | | | | change?* | | | | | | | | 5. *Return the cards | | | | that they used. | | | | Don't forget to | | | | check their | | | | GoRewards Card* | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ IMPORTANCE OF PATIENT COUNSELLING ================================= - To help the patient to understand the impact of illness in their life and to their families - To reduce medication errors and the risk of complications - To minimize the incidence of adverse drug reaction - Encourage the patient to modify their lifestyle RECORDING AND FILING OF PRESCRIPTION ==================================== PARTIAL FILLING OF PRESCRIPTION =============================== 1. date of partial filling; 2. quantity served and balance; 3. name and address of the drugstore; and 4. signature or initial of pharmacist. TOPIC 4: DISPENSING AND LABELLING OF LOOSE MEDICINE --------------------------------------------------- 1. Understand the importance of white label in community pharmacy. 2. Develop skills in dispensing and labeling of loose medicines MODULE 3: WAREHOUSING ===================== TOPIC 1: STORAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS --------------------------------------------------------- 1. Explain the different storage conditions of pharmaceutical products. 2. Understand the importance of cold chain management in temperature-sensitive medicines. 3. Familiarize with the medicines that require cold chain management. 4. Monitor and record the temperature inside the store. The following are the different recommended storage conditions: 1. Store in a cold place -- the product should be placed in a refrigerator having a temperature not exceeding 8⁰C 2. Store in a cool place -- the product should be placed in an environment having a temperature of 8 -- 15⁰C 3. Store in a room temperature -- the product should be placed in an environment having a temperature of 15 -- 30⁰C. The official room temperature is 25⁰C. 4. Protect from light -- the product is light-sensitive and should not be exposed to light to avoid product degradation. It should be packages in a light-resistant container. 5. Avoid from excessive heat - the product should not be placed in an environment having a temperature of more than 40⁰C 6. Warm temperature -- the product should be placed in an environment having a temperature of 30 -- 40⁰C COLD CHAIN MANAGEMENT ===================== Medicines that Require Cold Chain Management ============================================ 1. Suppositories 2. Vaccines 3. Insulin 4. Cytotoxic Drugs  c  TOPIC 2: RECEVING OF ITEMS AND QUALITY CHECKING ----------------------------------------------- 1. Understand the importance of inventory control. 2. Familiarize on the process on ordering and receiving of stocks 3. Explain the difference of FEFO from FIFO TOPIC 3: POLICY ON RETURN ITEMS ------------------------------- 1. Explain the different storage conditions of pharmaceutical products. 2. Understand the importance of cold chain management in temperature-sensitive medicines. 3. Familiarize with the medicines that require cold chain management. 4. Monitor and record the temperature inside the store. A. NEAR EXPIRY PRODUCTS ======================= 1. Pull-out of near expiry products is scheduled every 1^st^ week of the month. 2. All near expiry products must be consolidate and check by the stock analyst. 3. Stock analyst will document all expiring items using "Withdrawal Slip". 4. Withdraw slip are filed by the Stock Analyst. 5. All expiring products is delivered to RG department for checking, counting, and sorting. 6. After checking, RG Department issues an invoice to be pick-up by supplier. 7. All invoices are filed at the RG Department. B. DAMAGED PRODUCTS =================== 1. Items returned due to manufacturing defect/damaged should be in original and unopened seal. 2. Contents should be at least 80% of the original packaging. 3. Stock Analyst will return all products using the Withdrawal slip as proof of return. 4. Stock Analyst will return all products using Withdrawal slip as proof of return. 5. Stock analyst will document all expiring items using "Withdrawal Slip". 6. All branches will pull-out the said expiring products every 1st week of the month. 7. All damaged products will be delivered to RG Department for checking, counting and sorting. 8. RG Department will issue an invoice to be pick-up by supplier. 9. All invoices will be filed at the RG Department for documentation purposes C. INITIAL STOCKS ----------------- 1. 2. 3. 4. D. LOOSE STOCKS --------------- 1. Items should not be cut into pieces 2. If loose stocks are more than 10 tablets, please include the box with the same lot no. & expiry date 3. Good stocks should be transferred to "mother branch" ZNG3 for Bicol EPC for Manila and PAC4 for Region 3. 4. Mother branch should consolidate & return the stocks according to schedule specified. MODULE 4: ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE ================================ TOPIC 1: SENIOR CITIZEN DISCOUNT -------------------------------- 1. 2. a. Senior Citizen ID b. Prescription c. Purchase Slip Booklet d. Passport or any government-issued ID indicating an elderly's birthday Senior Citizen's Price 71.43 ============================ 3. The discount is non-transferable. 4. Double discounts are not allowed. 5. The drugstore may limit the dispensing of OTCs for supply of one day but not to exceed to a maximum of 7 days supply. A. PRESCRIPTION DRUGS ===================== prescription requirements & Patient counseling B. OVER-THE-COUNTER ===================