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What are the two main categories of pharmaceutical products?
What are the two main categories of pharmaceutical products?
What is the primary purpose of therapeutic classification of drugs?
What is the primary purpose of therapeutic classification of drugs?
What is the term used for the specific effect of a drug on the body?
What is the term used for the specific effect of a drug on the body?
Therapeutic effect
Which of the following are included in the 22 categories of the PNDF?
Which of the following are included in the 22 categories of the PNDF?
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The yellow prescription is used for all medications prescribed by doctors.
The yellow prescription is used for all medications prescribed by doctors.
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What is the significance of the "Rx" symbol on a prescription?
What is the significance of the "Rx" symbol on a prescription?
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What are the three parts of a prescription?
What are the three parts of a prescription?
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Which type of prescription error occurs if the brand name is written instead of the generic name?
Which type of prescription error occurs if the brand name is written instead of the generic name?
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What does "FEFO" stand for in inventory management?
What does "FEFO" stand for in inventory management?
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Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs always require a prescription.
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs always require a prescription.
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What is the primary purpose of patient counseling?
What is the primary purpose of patient counseling?
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What document should always be included in a pharmaceutical product's immediate container?
What document should always be included in a pharmaceutical product's immediate container?
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Loose medicines are always dispensed in their original container.
Loose medicines are always dispensed in their original container.
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What is the main reason for implementing cold chain management?
What is the main reason for implementing cold chain management?
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What does "FIFO" stand for in inventory management?
What does "FIFO" stand for in inventory management?
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What is the purpose of the "Withdrawal Slip" in handling near expiry products?
What is the purpose of the "Withdrawal Slip" in handling near expiry products?
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The Senior Citizen's Act of 2010 only applies to prescription drugs.
The Senior Citizen's Act of 2010 only applies to prescription drugs.
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What is the maximum duration of OTC drug supply for a senior citizen?
What is the maximum duration of OTC drug supply for a senior citizen?
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What is the purpose of the "Mother Branch system" for loose stocks?
What is the purpose of the "Mother Branch system" for loose stocks?
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Study Notes
Therapeutic Classification of Drugs
- Drugs are classified as pharmaceutical products for treating, preventing, or diagnosing diseases in humans or animals.
- Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs can be dispensed without a prescription.
- Prescription drugs can only be dispensed with a physician's written order.
- Therapeutic classification groups drugs based on their organ/system action, chemical, pharmacological, and therapeutic properties.
- Pharmacists need to know the medications available and their therapeutic classifications to meet customer needs.
- The Philippine National Drug Formulary (PNDF) has 22 categories of medicines.
Examples of PNDF Categories
- Medicine acting on the nervous system (anticonvulsants, anesthetics, antimigraine, antiparkinsonism, etc.)
- Anti-infectives (antibacterials, antifungals, antiparasitics, antivirals)
- Immunologicals (diagnostic agents, sera, immunoglobulins, vaccines)
- Cardiovascular medicines (cardioactive agents, antihypertensives, medicine for blood lipid disorders, etc.)
- Respiratory medicines (antiasthma, medicines for COPD, antitussives, etc.)
- Anti-allergics (antihistamines, corticosteroids)
- Antineoplastics and immunosuppressives
- Medicines affecting the blood (hematinics, anticoagulants, antithrombotics, antifibrinolytics)
- Blood products and blood substitutes
- Gastrointestinal medicines (anticholinergics, antiemetics, antimotility, for peptic ulcers, laxatives/cathartics)
- Hormones and hormone antagonists (corticosteroids, hormonal contraceptives, antithyroid medicines, insulin, oral hypoglycemics, etc)
- Medicine acting on the uterus (oxytocics, tocolytics, ORS)
- Medicines correcting water electrolyte, acid-base, and caloric disturbances
- Diagnostic agents (ophthalmic, radio contrast media)
- Dermatological and mucous membrane agents (topical)
- Ophthalmological preparations (anti-infectives, anti-inflammatory, glaucoma medicine, local anesthetics, mydriatics, medicine for dry eyes)
- Ear, nose, and throat preparations (topical anesthetics, topical antibiotics, combinations, topical nasal corticosteroids, decongestants)
- Vitamins and minerals
- Disinfectants
- Antidotes
The Prescription
- A prescription is a written order from a physician, dentist, or other licensed medical practitioner for medication.
- It serves as a professional relationship between the physician, pharmacist, and patient.
- A special DOH prescription (yellow prescription) in triplicate is required for dangerous drugs.
- The original copy is for the pharmacy, the duplicate for the patient, and the triplicate for the prescribing physician.
- Parts of a prescription include: prescriber information, patient information, superscription, subscription, inscription/signa
Prescription Errors
- Erroneous prescriptions include: generic name before brand, the generic name in parentheses, brand name without or with incorrect parenthesis.
- Violative prescriptions include: incorrect generic spelling, unintelligible generic name
- Impossible prescriptions include: generic name not corresponding to the brand name, unintelligible generic name or brand name, and unregistered products.
Generic Dispensing
- Dispensing is an important part of the pharmacy process in interpreting physician requirements.
- Republic Act No. 6675 allows dispensing of non-prescription drugs (OTC) without a prescription in duly licensed outlets.
- OTC drugs are used for symptomatic relief of minor ailments/conditions that do not require direct physician supervision.
Storage Requirements for Pharmaceutical Products
- Proper storage is essential to maintain the stability and shelf life of a pharmaceutical preparation.
- Pharmacists must monitor and record temperature, and adjust the thermostat as needed to meet guidelines.
- Temperature monitoring and recording should be kept for 2 years.
- Products need to be stored in appropriate environments based on manufacturer guidelines.
- Cold chain management is important for temperature-sensitive products.
Receiving Items and Quality Checking
- Proper inventory control is essential for a pharmacy to effectively serve customers.
- Overstocking results in unnecessary carrying costs, and understocking leads to negative customer experience.
- First-Expiry-First-Out (FEFO) is a stock management technique that ensures the earliest expiring items are dispensed first. This aims to minimize waste.
Policy on Return Items
- Procedures are outlined for managing returned items, which include near-expiry goods, damaged goods, initial stocks, and loose stocks.
- Near expiry goods are pulled out according to a schedule. All products are consolidated and checked by the stock analyst and then documented appropriately.
- Damaged or returned products are returned in original packaging, meet certain content requirements, and come with necessary documentation.
Senior Citizen Discount
- Senior citizens can avail 20% discounts on medicines.
- Valid identification documents are required such as senior citizen ID, a prescription, a purchase slip booklet or government-issued IDs
- The VAT is deducted first followed by the 20% discount.
- Double discounts are not allowed
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Description
Explore the different therapeutic classifications of drugs that are essential for treating, preventing, and diagnosing diseases. This quiz covers over-the-counter and prescription drugs, as well as the various categories outlined in the Philippine National Drug Formulary. Enhance your understanding of pharmacological properties and their applications in healthcare.
