internet basic.pptx

DNS A Domain Name Server (DNS) is a critical component of the internet infrastructure. It translates human-readable domain names (like www.example.com) into IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1) So computers use to identify each other on the network. This process is essential because, whi...

DNS A Domain Name Server (DNS) is a critical component of the internet infrastructure. It translates human-readable domain names (like www.example.com) into IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1) So computers use to identify each other on the network. This process is essential because, while humans prefer to use easily memorable domain names, computers need IP addresses to route data.. Internet Service Providers (ISPs): Companies that provide access to the Internet. Offer various types of connections (e.g., DSL, fiber-optic, cable, satellite). May provide additional services like email, web hosting, and security features. Intranets: A private network accessible only to an organization's members. Uses Internet protocols (TCP/IP) but is isolated from the global Internet. Typically used for internal communication, document sharing, and collaboration. Secure and often protected by firewalls. E-mail (Electronic Mail): A method of exchanging digital messages over the Internet. Requires an email client (e.g., Outlook, Gmail) and a valid email address. Supports sending text, images, and attachments. Widely used for personal and professional communication.. IRC (Internet Relay Chat): A protocol used for real-time text communication over the Internet. Facilitates group chats (channels) and private messaging. Popular in early Internet culture for community discussions and support. Less commonly used today, but still active in certain niches. Telnet: A network protocol used to provide a command-line interface for remote computers. Often used for accessing and managing remote servers. Sends data in plain text, making it less secure compared to modern alternatives like SSH. NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol): A protocol used for reading and posting articles on Usenet newsgroups. Similar to a bulletin board system (BBS) where users can discuss various topics. Once widely used, but its popularity has declined with the rise of modern forums and social media. Video Conferencing: Technology that enables real-time video and audio communication between multiple users over the Internet. Often used for virtual meetings, online classes, and telemedicine. Requires a webcam, microphone, and video conferencing software (e.g., Zoom, Microsoft Teams). Supports features like screen sharing, file sharing, and recording. E-commerce (Electronic Commerce): The buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet. Involves online shopping websites, electronic payments, and digital marketing. Includes B2C (Business-to-Consumer), B2B (Business-to-Business), and C2C (Consumer- to-Consumer) transactions. Examples include Amazon, eBay, and Shopify. Telephone Line Description: Traditional telephone lines (PSTN - Public Switched Telephone Network) can be used for dial-up Internet access. Speed: Up to 56 Kbps. A telephone line connecting a user's modem to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) via the public telephone network. Cable Description: Cable Internet uses the same coaxial cables that deliver television services. Speed: Typically ranges from 10 Mbps to 1 Gbps. A cable modem connects to a coaxial cable, which links to the ISP’s cable network. Leased Line Description: A leased line is a dedicated, private connection between two points, usually provided by telecommunications companies. Speed: Can vary from 64 Kbps to several Gbps. A dedicated line connecting a business directly to the ISP, ensuring constant high- speed access. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) . Description: ISDN allows for digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires. Speed: Typically 64 Kbps per channel, with multiple channels available (up to 128 Kbps with BRI - Basic Rate Interface). ISDN modem connecting to the digital phone line and ISP. VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) Description: VSAT provides Internet connectivity via satellite communications, typically used in remote or rural areas. Speed: Ranges from 64 Kbps to several Mbps. A small satellite dish (VSAT) connecting to a satellite in orbit, which in turn connects to the ISP. RF Link (Radio Frequency Link) Description: RF links use radio waves to provide Internet connectivity, often used in areas where cable or wired connections are not feasible. Speed: Varies widely depending on the technology, from a few Mbps to hundreds of Mbps. An RF transmitter and receiver setup, where the transmitter sends data via radio waves to a distant receiver that connects to the Internet.