Intelligence 2 Markers PDF

Short Answer Questions (20) 1. Describe Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences and name at least three types of intelligences he proposed. ○ Answer: Gardner's theory proposes that intelligence is not a single general ability but a combination of multiple indep...

Short Answer Questions (20) 1. Describe Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences and name at least three types of intelligences he proposed. ○ Answer: Gardner's theory proposes that intelligence is not a single general ability but a combination of multiple independent intelligences. Three examples include verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial-visual intelligence. 2. Explain the difference between fluid and crystallized intelligence as proposed by Cattell. ○ Answer: Fluid intelligence involves the ability to solve new problems and think abstractly, typically independent of past learning, and tends to decrease with age. Crystallized intelligence, on the other hand, is the accumulation of knowledge and skills gained through experience and education, which generally increases with age. 3. What are the three components of intelligence according to Sternberg's Triarchic Theory? ○ Answer: The three components are analytical intelligence (problem-solving skills), creative intelligence (ability to deal with novel situations), and practical intelligence (ability to adapt to and manage everyday tasks). 4. How does Goleman define emotional intelligence, and what are its five main elements? ○ Answer: Emotional intelligence, according to Goleman, is the ability to identify, understand, manage, and utilize emotions effectively. The five main elements are self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. 5. What does the term 'savant syndrome' refer to, and what is a common skill observed in savants? ○ Answer: Savant syndrome is a rare condition where individuals with certain developmental disorders exhibit extraordinary abilities in specific areas. A common skill observed in savants is remarkable memory or exceptional musical talent, often coupled with significant intellectual challenges. Short Answer Questions (Continued) 6. Discuss the concept of "savant syndrome" and give an example of a skill that savants may possess. ○ Answer: Savant syndrome is a condition where individuals with developmental disorders, such as autism, display extraordinary abilities in a specific area. An example skill is calendar calculation, where a savant can determine the day of the week for any given date. 7. How does emotional intelligence (EQ) differ from cognitive intelligence (IQ), according to Daniel Goleman? ○ Answer: Emotional intelligence (EQ) involves the ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions in oneself and others. Cognitive intelligence (IQ) focuses on intellectual abilities such as logic, reasoning, and  problem-solving. EQ emphasizes social and emotional skills, while IQ emphasizes cognitive skills. 8. Describe the significance of the "Flynn Effect" in intelligence research. ○ Answer: The Flynn Effect refers to the observed rise in IQ scores over time across different populations, suggesting that environmental factors such as improved education, nutrition, and access to information may contribute to increases in intelligence test scores over generations. 9. What is the purpose of standardized testing in measuring IQ, and how is it applied? ○ Answer: Standardized testing in IQ measurement provides a consistent and uniform way to assess intellectual abilities, allowing comparison across individuals. It involves pre-testing a representative sample to establish norms, which then allow scoring based on population averages. 10. Explain how Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences can be applied in educational settings. ○ Answer: Gardner's theory encourages educators to recognize and nurture various forms of intelligence, such as musical, spatial, or interpersonal skills, by using diverse teaching methods. This approach allows students to leverage their strengths and fosters a more inclusive and personalized learning experience. Short Answer Questions (Continued) 11. Describe one environmental factor that has been shown to influence intelligence development. ○ Answer: An example of an environmental factor is access to quality education. Educational experiences can stimulate cognitive development and provide a supportive environment for intellectual growth. 12. Explain the primary difference between Thurstone's theory of intelligence and Spearman's theory. ○ Answer: Thurstone believed intelligence is a cluster of seven independent mental abilities, while Spearman proposed a single general intelligence factor, the "g factor," that underlies all cognitive abilities. 13. What is the purpose of standardizing an IQ test, and how is it beneficial? ○ Answer: Standardization ensures that IQ tests are administered and scored uniformly. It allows scores to be compared across individuals and groups, making it easier to understand relative intelligence levels. 14. Give an example of a skill or profession that would benefit from high spatial intelligence. ○ Answer: Architects benefit from high spatial intelligence, as it enables them to visualize structures and understand spatial relationships critical to designing buildings. 15. Why is emotional intelligence considered important in leadership roles? ○ Answer: Emotional intelligence is crucial for leaders as it helps them understand and manage their own emotions, empathize with others, and build effective relationships, fostering a positive and productive work environment. 16. How does the concept of "g factor" relate to IQ testing?  ○ Answer: The "g factor" refers to a general cognitive ability that influences performance on various mental tasks, making it a central concept in IQ testing, where a single score represents overall intellectual capability. 17. Explain the distinction between analytical intelligence and creative intelligence in Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory. ○ Answer: Analytical intelligence involves problem-solving and logical reasoning for familiar situations, while creative intelligence is the ability to tackle new problems and think outside the box. 18. What is meant by the term "mental age" in intelligence testing? ○ Answer: Mental age represents the level of intellectual functioning typical of a specific chronological age, used to determine IQ by comparing it with the person's actual age. 19. How does savant syndrome challenge traditional definitions of intelligence? ○ Answer: Savant syndrome highlights that individuals with developmental disorders can possess extraordinary talents in specific areas, suggesting intelligence can be highly specialized and not necessarily correlated with overall cognitive ability. 20. Identify and describe one method of measuring emotional intelligence. ○ Answer: The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) is an ability-based measure of emotional intelligence that evaluates a person’s capacity to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions effectively.