Pathology of Integument System PDF

PATHOLOGY OF INTEGUMENT SYSTEM By : Djoko Legowo, MKes., drh Departemen Patologi Veteriner FKH Universitas Airlangga  INTRODUCTIO N Skin is not only the largest organ in the body, but one of the most important. Without the skin, terres...

PATHOLOGY OF INTEGUMENT SYSTEM By : Djoko Legowo, MKes., drh Departemen Patologi Veteriner FKH Universitas Airlangga  INTRODUCTIO N Skin is not only the largest organ in the body, but one of the most important. Without the skin, terrestial mammalian life could not exist MORPHOLOGY AND THE FUNCTION OF THE SKIN  MORPHOLOGY OF THE SKIN -THE SKIN IS THE LARGEST ORGAN IN THE BODY AND HAS HAIRED AND HAIRLESS PORTIONS -HISTOLOGIC STRUCTURE VARIES GREATLY AMONG DIFFERENT SITES AND SPECIES - THE SKIN CONSISTS OF : 1. EPIDERMIS 2. DERMIS 3. SUBCUTIS 4. ADNEXA (HAIR FOLLICLES; SEBACEOUS; SWEAT GLAND) -apakkaiene Gambar 17.1. Kulit Tipis  Stratum corneum tr sangat tebal Kulit tebal  Distribution and Portion ; nose; lips; handpats; footpats Kuli tipis Kuli tebal  ↓ Kulit tipis:ada 4 Lapisan EPIDERMI ↳ Kulit tebal:ada 5 S - DIVIDED INTO LAYERS BASED ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF KERATINOCYTE - EPIDERMIS OF HAIRED SKIN CONSISTS OF 4 LAYERS - EPIDERMIS OF HAIERLESS SKIN CONSISTS OF 5 LAYERS - THE LAYERS OF EPIDERMIS : 1. STRATUM BASALE 2. STRATUM SPINOSUM 3. STRATUM GRANULOSUM 4. STRATUM LUCIDUM ( ONLY FOUND IN HAIRLESS SKIN) 5. STRATUM CORNEUM  Epidermis Stratum corneum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum b as al  Stratum ↳  DERMIS (CORIUM) - GENERALLY DIVIDED INTO TWO PORTION : - UPPER PART (STRATUM PAPILARE) - LOWER PART (STRATUM RETICULARE) - CONSISTS OF COLAGEN AND ELASTIC FIBERS - FUNCTION SUPPORTS OF : - HAIR FOLLICELS - GLANDS (SEBACEUOUS AND SWEAT) - VESSEL Peraba Tekanan - NERVES ( MEISRNERS AND PACINIANS CORPUSCLES )  Kel. sebaceal lemak  SUBCUTIS (HYPODERMIS, PANNICULUS) - THE SUBCUTIS ATTACHES THE DERMIS TO SUBJECENT MUSCLE OR BONE. - CONSISTS OF ADIPOSE TISSUE AND COLAGENOUS AND ELASTICS FIBERS, WHICH PROVIDE FLEXIBILITY. - ADIPOSE TISSUE INSULATES AGAINST TEMPERATURE VARIATION AND, IN THE CASE OF FOOTPADS IN SHOCK ABSORPTION).  FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN Barrier dragen KumaFisika, biologis. 1) PROVIDES A PROTECTIVE BARRIER AGAINST FLUID LOSS, MICROBIOLOGIC AGENTS, CHEMICALS, AND PHYSICAL INJURY A. PARTICIPATES IN INFLAMATION AND REPAIR B. PARTICIPATES IN INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY 2. REGULATES TEMPERATURE AND BLOOD PRESSURE. -> Termoregulasi, tek. darah (in at 3. PRODUCES VITAMIN D -> bukanmenghasilken do not ↳ cadangan it do ginjal (provit) Raaksi hidrolisis - ach seiner delakukan zu melakeikubit an 4. ACTS AS SENSORY ORGAN Id provitamin D diubahjo bs panas, to bananan dll ↳ mera sakan vitb Radang pd kulit INFLAMATORY OF THE SKIN CUASE NUMEROUS FACTORS Gatal ↑ 3. PRURITUS -> Sensasi critasi demand rign menggamk THE UNPLEASENT SENSATION OF IRRITATION WITHIN THE SKIN PROVIDE DISIRE TO SCRATCH  DIAGNOSA OF SKIN DISEASES Depend on : - Accurate description of the clinical appearance of de Pergamatan ~ mar the skin at a macroscopic and microscopic level Pemerikscan - Spesific test (exp. Biopsy) ↓ histopatologi /mengambil (joingan) Kulit sebagian 4/pemeriksaan histopatologi  DEFINITIONS OF MACROSCOPIC TERMS talk and a recusi adang Lukebookabit to Lapisanya bisa dikeleset 1. Callus : thick, hard, hairless plaque with increased skin creases. example : trauma over bony prominence such as elbow or sternum upd bagian by dekat dgn lang  Sumbatan 2. Comedo : plug of stratum cornuem and sebum within the lumen of hair folikel Penggunpalan dyu kenjar may as roborany as ex : canine actinic dermatosis, hiperadrenocorticism no produksiselon mening at  o Crusta 3. Crust : dried exudate on skin surface ex : chronic state of pustular diseases suchas staphylococal infection or pemphigus foliceaus ↳add peradangan sebelumya tems many a mengering Dermatophytosis. thick, grayish-white crusts on face and neck.  - teolampd 4. Pustule epidermal Quit yybeisnanah jerawat, Elevated superficial accumulation of purulent fluid within the epidermis (arrow). Example : bacterial infection, pemhigus foliaceus.  beingcouranbening, pdbulit tongolan pay a papal 5. Cyst : cavity lined by epithelium and filled with liquid or semisolid material and located in the or subcutis. Example : follicular cyst, dermoid cyst. 5. Epidermal Collarette -> warna merah membent yg e flat to minimally elevating (arrows) of scale that enlarges peripherally. example : superficial bacterial infection, insect bite, fungal infection. ↳ Kadas, kurap, RINGWORM  ~ Kelulangan lap. epidermis sebagian 6. Erosion : loss of part of the epidermis depressed, moist, glistening (arrows) example : secondary to vesicle or pustula rupture or secondary to surface trauma.  agoresan yy arkup 1. Excoration dim (talk rata> km cakaran linear loss of epidermis (arrows) ex : abrasion or scratch. 8. Fissure -> akebat reaksiperadangan, Kulit bs pecah sretak) linear crack or break (arrows) from the epidermis to the dermis. example : footpad fissure seen in pemphigus foliaceus, superficial necrolytic dermatitis, or digital hyperkeratosis.  ~km trauma, oak wadang, add to janugan? Keras 9. Lichenification -> pevebolanpd kult rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, ~Klo callus bag. Ya Keras scratching, or irritation. *Kulit berwarna gelap put tanpa penonjdan flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin, < 1 cm in diameter. example : hemorrhage, lentigo, vitiligo. 11. Neoplasm Penonjolan/tak yy disertainRemsakan jar. dibawally -> a “an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of normal tissue manner after cessation of the stimuli, which evoked the change”. Example : lipoma, mast cell tumor, squamous cell carcinoma. - ~ irregular, talk bsdikupas  ↳ Kutil Strache sernenn mevebal e sprosu  ~beisi nanah/cawran 12. Nodule us pad at ↳berbatas jelas Elevated , firm, circumscribed lesion 1-2 cm in diameter. Example : bacterial, parasitic or fungal infection, infectious or sterile granuloma. nodule cause by parafilaria bovicola worm on cow that transmitted by musca genus fliesh bites Serious bleeding after musca bite became a portal entry of parafilarial worm  ~Macula:talk mercyol 13. Papula -> gigitanmanent19 ukwa et Elevated, firm, circumscribed area < 1 cm in diameter (arrows). Example : insect bite, papilloma, superficial folliculitis, Small papula as seen on cow demodecosis  autoimun ↳kmalergi, 14. Plaque Peronyolan,tp permak -> on tate ↳niduranHiperemis, berbatasjel as Elevate, firm, lesion with a flat top surface.> 1 cm in diameter. Example : calcinosis cutis, reactive histiocytosis, eosinophilic plaque.  Ketombe 16. Scale -> pengelup as and lap. Kulit CS. cor ner to spenosum) Fragmented, keratinized cells, flaky skin, irregular, thick or thin, dry or oily. Example : cornification disorders, sebaceous adenitis, ichthyosis.  Komenonjol: Id keloid. bekas peryembuhan 17. Scar us akebatproses pembenhikan jar. Kat pd kulit peryembush an Thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin ollowing injury or laceration to the dermis. Examples : healed wound, surgical scar. 18. Ulcer ~ tijd smpe lapisan Dermis (Erosi cun smpe epidemis Loss of epidermis and basement membrane with eposure of dermis. Example : ischemic lesions resulting from vasculitis, indolent ulcer, feline herpesvirus infection, feline ulcerative dermatosis syndrome.  b Feses menggumpal t mengerds law membuat lap. Any a vengalami volsbularisa si lals wekrosis FAECOLITH EKON An ulceration due to ischemic necrosis following the contraction of dry faeses on tail Dry faeses Develop constraction on skin Resulting of blood vessel constriction ischemic necrosis  ~Cyst: > I am 19. Vesicle and bulla (larger than vesicle) Lolbe besar lagi Vesicle elevated, circumscribed, fluid-filled lesion < 1 cm in diameter Example : burn, viral inection, immune mediated diseases such as bullous pemphigoid.  -on alergi 1. Wheal Elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema, solid, transient Example : insect bites, allergic reacion.  CUTANEOUS URTICARIA -elister menonjol? Id Idk tata Wheal raised on face and soulder of FH cow following Hipersensitivity reaction Wheal on face of simental cow due to snake bites or bee sting Hyperemic muzzle  HAEMATOMA -> Akumul zi darah dibauah kulit -> kemsal a n pemb.darah di bawah ↳ Permukac Kulit whih