Innate Immunology.pdf

Innate Immunology Describe: Innate immune cell recognition of pathogen (PAMPs) The role of complement The role of cytokines in immunity The inflammatory response and innate cell recruitment Innate response: immediate response recognises a broad range of pathogens...

Innate Immunology Describe: Innate immune cell recognition of pathogen (PAMPs) The role of complement The role of cytokines in immunity The inflammatory response and innate cell recruitment Innate response: immediate response recognises a broad range of pathogens interacts with a range of molecular structures of a given type Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) are capable of recognising PAMPs (Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns) PRR Location: cell surface endosomal membrane cytosol PRR initiates innate response when detecting PAMPs. This aids in phagocytosis of microorganism (direct attack by soluble PRR molecules) enhancement of phagocytosis of PRR-bound PAMPs activates innate cells (encounters more PAMPs) promotes inflammatory mediators (amplifies response) DAMPs (Danger Associated Molecular Pattern): are host proteins release during cell injury (in this case inflammation). These also activate the immune system TLRs (Toll Like Receptors) Complement a collection of soluble proteins that upon activation can aid in the immune system by: - promoting phagocytosis through opsonisation*(when the pathogen is marked with opsonins proteins) - induce inflammatory response - directly kill pathogens Activation of one component tiggers an enzyme cascade (the proteolytic cascade) {memorise the initiation pathways} A common feature is the activation of C3 convertase which converts C3 into C3a and C3b