INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY final.docx

**INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY** WHAT IS INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY? - is a cognitive development approach that explains how humans encode, store, and retrieve information It's like the brain to a computer, capable of analyzing information received from the environment and influencing i...

**INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY** WHAT IS INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY? - is a cognitive development approach that explains how humans encode, store, and retrieve information It's like the brain to a computer, capable of analyzing information received from the environment and influencing individual behavior and societal dynamics. The theory describes how our brains filter information, from what we're paying attention to in the present moment, to what gets stored in our short-term or working memory and ultimately into our long-term memory. The Atkinson-Shiffrin Modal model of memory is a psychological theory that describes how memory works and its processes. It was developed by **two psychologists**, **Richard C. Atkinson and Richard M. Shiffrin**, in the **United States in 1968**. They believe that once information enters the brain, it must be either stored or maintained and the that the information which is stored goes into **three distinct memory systems**. - sensory memory - short-term memory and - long-term memory The **sensory register** is the first memory system that information passes through. The sensory register perceives and retains information that is received via the five senses for a very short amount of time, i.e. a few seconds. Though we have sensory registers for all five senses, only two have been well studied. Research has primarily focused on iconic memory, or visual memory, and echoic memory, or auditory memory. It is estimated that we can hold information in iconic memory for **less than one second**, while we can keep information in echoic memory for up to **five seconds**. We can think of sensory registry as a **holding bin** that keeps information until we decide what items we want to pay attention to. Most information that is **not attended to is forgotten**. Paying **attention** allows us to move information from the sensory register to short-term memory. **Short-term memory** is where we keep the content of our current thought. We can think of short-term memory as where we store information that we can actively work with and use. It\'s estimated that we can hold information in short-term memory **between 18 and 20 seconds (**though there are techniques that we can use to increase this. For example, many people remember phone numbers by repeating them over and over in their heads until they can actually write them down or dial them) By continually repeating the numbers, you are **rehearsing,** which extends the length of time that you can recall the numbers. This brings up another point. The more that we repeat or use information, the more likely it is to move into long-term memory. Your long-term memory on the other hand is exactly the opposite it is large and permanently stores information **Long-term memory** refers to the information stored in your brain over an extended period of time it can store a seemingly unlimited amounts of information almost indefinitely. ang longterm memory ay may halos walang limitasyong kapasidad At maaaring mag-imbak na impormasyon para sa mas matagal na panahon at posibleng panghabang buhay the process of getting information from your short to your long-term memory is called encoding **Encoding** is when you create a connection between the memories you already have and the new memories received. The processing of getting memories out of your long-term memory and back into your short-term memory for use is called **retrieval** The **cognitive mechanisms** that are capable of controlling the flow of information, these processes include attention, rehearsal, encoding and retrieval of information It determines what information is processed and transferred during the memory stages from sensory memory short term memory to long term memory Information processing theory is important in understanding how people acquire, store, and retrieve information from memory. Researchers also use this theory to explore how memory works, how it can be improved, and how it can be used in cognitive processes. problem solving decision making and learning