infection control questions.pdf

Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 1. What is the primary goal of Infection Control in healthcare settings? a. Increasing hospital expenses b. Reducing the spread of infections c. Encouraging occupational infections d. Enhancing medical waste disposal 2. Healthcare-acquired infec...

Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 1. What is the primary goal of Infection Control in healthcare settings? a. Increasing hospital expenses b. Reducing the spread of infections c. Encouraging occupational infections d. Enhancing medical waste disposal 2. Healthcare-acquired infections may include those appearing more than how many hours after admission? a. 12 hours b. 24 hours c. 48 hours d. 72 hours 3. Infections acquired in the hospital but appearing after discharge fall under which category? a. Community infections b. Post-procedural infections c. Late-onset infections d. Occupational infections 4. Who is considered at significant risk for infection in healthcare settings? a. Patients b. Visitors c. Service providers (staff) d. Administration 5. What is the common factor leading to post-procedural infections in patients? a. Inadequate preparation of patients b. Appropriate disposal of medical waste c. Frequent handwashing by service providers d. Correct cleaning and processing of instruments Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 6. What does IPC stand for in the context of healthcare? a. International Patient Care b. Infection Prevention and Control c. Integrated Procedural Compliance d. Internal Patient Cooperation 7. When do healthcare-acquired infections include those not present nor incubating at admission? a. During surgery b. After discharge c. Before admission d. 48 hours after admission 8. What is the main reason stated for the implementation of Infection Control Programs (ICP)? a. Infections are inexpensive b. Infections are unavoidable c. Infections are costly d. Infections are rare 9. Infection Control Programs require cooperation between members of the I.C. Team and which other entities? a. Only doctors b. Only nurses c. All healthcare staff d. Only administration 10. Who is at risk of occupational infections in healthcare settings? a. Patients b. Visitors c. Service providers (staff) d. Community members Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 11. When do infections acquired in the hospital but appearing after discharge become apparent? a. Before discharge b. During admission c. After 48 hours d. After 72 hours 12. What does the acronym "IPC" emphasize in the healthcare context? a. Infection Prevention Cooperation b. Infection Prevention and Control c. Infection and Patient Care d. Implementation of Patient Cooperation 13. Which phrase best summarizes the importance of infection control in healthcare? a. "Healthcare is Expensive" b. "Infections are Preventable" c. "Infections are Inevitable" d. "Expensive Care" 14. What does the term "Hospital-acquired infections" commonly refer to? a. Infections acquired before hospital admission b. Infections acquired during hospital admission c. Infections acquired after hospital discharge d. Infections acquired in the community 15. What is the primary role of administration in the implementation of Infection Control Programs? a. Conducting medical procedures b. Providing patient care c. Offering financial support and leadership d. Ensuring visitor compliance Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 16. Why is hand hygiene crucial in preventing post-procedural infections in patients? a. To increase hospital expenses b. To reduce the spread of infections c. To encourage occupational infections d. To enhance medical waste disposal 17. What does the acronym "TEAM" represent in the context of infection control implementation? a. Together Everyone Achieves More b. Total Elimination of Acquired Maladies c. Teamwork Enhancing Administrative Measures d. The Elimination of Acquired Mismanagement 18. What is the primary reason for healthcare providers to be at significant risk of infection? a. Lack of exposure to pathogens b. Close contact with infected patients c. Inadequate medical training d. Effective infection control measures 19. What is one of the primary objectives of infection control measures in healthcare settings? a. Increasing the spread of infections b. Enhancing environmental contamination c. Protecting service providers and receivers d. Encouraging the transmission cycle 20. Who is a part of the group that infection control measures aim to protect in healthcare settings? a. Service providers only b. Service receivers only c. Both service providers and receivers d. Environmental workers only Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 21. What is the primary purpose of understanding the risk factors in the transmission cycle of infectious agents? a. Promoting environmental contamination b. Facilitating the spread of microorganisms c. Preventing the spread of infectious agents d. Encouraging the carrier state in individuals 22. What is normal flora in the context of microorganisms on the body? a. Pathogenic organisms causing diseases b. Microorganisms derived from the environment c. Microorganisms causing permanent disease d. Microorganisms normally found on body sites 23. What is the key characteristic of resident flora on the body? a. They cause permanent diseases b. They can be readily removed by handwashing c. They are non-pathogenic or potentially pathogenic d. They are relatively fixed and regularly found in a given area 24. Transient flora on the body may remain for: a. Months b. Weeks c. Days d. Years 25. What can disrupt flora on the body? a. Environmental contamination b. Handwashing c. Increasing virulence of organisms d. Carrier states Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 26. In the context of infection, what is the outcome of the organism entering into a relationship with the host? a. Environmental contamination b. Carrier state c. Disease or carrier state d. Transmission cycle 27. What is the destruction of host tissues by virulent organisms leading to manifestations called? a. Infection b. Carrier state c. Disease d. Transient flora 28. Who is an apparently healthy individual carrying a pathogenic organism without showing any disease manifestations? a. Infected individual b. Environmental worker c. Carrier d. Resident flora 29. What does a carrier of a pathogenic organism have the potential to do? a. Cause disease in others b. Be permanently immune c. Eliminate the pathogenic organism d. Facilitate environmental contamination 30. Which of the following is NOT one of the objectives of infection control measures? a. Safe medical services b. Protecting the environment c. Promoting disease manifestations d. Protecting service providers Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 31. What is the mean of preventing infection by eliminating or interrupting any of its elements? a. Promoting environmental contamination b. Enhancing the transmission cycle c. Infection control measures d. Encouraging carrier states 32. How can transient flora be readily removed from the body? a. Environmental decontamination b. Carrier states c. Handwashing d. Increasing virulence 33. Which of the following is NOT a means of preventing infection? a. Safe medical services b. Promoting environmental contamination c. Protecting service providers d. Interrupting elements of infection 34. What is a key component of standard precautions in infection control? a. Hands hygiene b. Environmental cleaning c. Patient care tasks d. Sterile service 35. Which of the following is NOT considered a standard precaution in infection control? a. Respiratory hygiene b. Aseptic techniques c. Blood transfusions d. Proper sharps disposal 36. Why is hand hygiene considered the key to infection control? a. It reduces environmental contamination b. It prevents the spread of pathogens via hands c. It eliminates the need for personal protective equipment Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank d. It is a form of aseptic technique 37. What is the most common mode of transmission of pathogens in hospitals? a. Airborne transmission b. Waterborne transmission c. Transmission through surfaces d. Transmission via hands of healthcare workers 38. What is the primary purpose of handwashing before patient contact? a. Protecting the healthcare worker b. Preventing patient discomfort c. Protecting the patient from harmful germs d. Enhancing the patient's immune system 39. What is the purpose of hand hygiene after exposure to body fluids? a. To protect the patient from harmful germs b. To avoid contamination of healthcare enviroment c. To protect the healthcare worker d. To enhance the patient's immune system 40. Why is hand hygiene recommended after patient contact? a. To enhance the patient's immune system b. To avoid contamination of sterile items c. To protect the healthcare worker d. To prevent patient discomfort 41. What is the total bacterial count on the hands of healthcare workers? a. 4,000 to 40,000 CFU b. 40,000 to 4 million CFU c. 400,000 to 4 million CFU d. 4 million to 40 million CFU Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 42. What are the two categories of microorganisms found on the hands of healthcare workers? a. Resident flora and environmental flora b. Transient flora and environmental flora c. Resident flora and transient flora d. Normal flora and pathogenic flora 43. What is the significance of transient flora on the skin? a. It causes permanent diseases b. It is relatively fixed and regularly found c. It can be readily removed by handwashing d. It remains deep in the skin layers 44. What is the main purpose of respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette in infection control? a. Protecting the healthcare worker b. Reducing the spread of respiratory pathogens c. Avoiding contamination of sterile items d. Enhancing patient comfort 45. What moment for hand hygiene involves protecting the patient against harmful germs carried on the hands? a. Before patient contact b. Before aseptic tasks c. After body fluid exposure risk d. After patient contact 46. What is the primary purpose of proper waste disposal in infection control? a. Enhancing patient comfort b. Protecting the healthcare worker c. Reducing environmental contamination d. Preventing the spread of airborne pathogens Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 47. Why is personal protective equipment (PPE) a crucial component of infection control? a. Enhancing patient comfort b. Protecting the healthcare worker c. enhance environmental contamination d. Preventing the spread of respiratory pathogens 48. What is the primary component of routine hand washing? a. Antiseptic agent b. Plain soap and water c. Alcohol-based hand rub d. Surgical hand hygiene 49. Which type of hand hygiene involves washing hands with water and soap or other detergents containing antiseptic agents? a. Routine hand washing b. Antiseptic hand wash c. Alcohol-based hand rub d. Surgical hand hygiene 50. When is alcohol-based hand rub commonly used? a. Before operations b. During routine hand washing c. to overcome the time constraint obstacle d. During surgical hand hygiene 51. What is the primary purpose of surgical hand hygiene/antisepsis? a. Routine cleaning b. Preventing environmental contamination c. Preparation before operations d. Reducing the spread of respiratory pathogens Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 52. Which type of hand hygiene is specifically performed by surgical personnel before operations? a. Routine hand washing b. Antiseptic hand wash c. Alcohol-based hand rub d. Surgical hand hygiene/antisepsis 53. What is a common infrastructure-related factor contributing to low compliance with hand hygiene? a. Lack of awareness b. Lack of sinks and hand drying material c. High workload d. Irritation of hands from certain agents 54. How does the belief that glove use will prevent transmission of infection contribute to low hand hygiene compliance? a. Encourages hand hygiene practices b. Discourages the use of gloves c. Increases awareness about hand hygiene d. Creates a false sense of protection 55. Which factor is associated with a lack of role models from colleagues influencing hand hygiene compliance? a. Lack of soap and hand drying material b. High workload c. Belief in glove use d. No awareness about hand hygiene 56. What is a common reason for low compliance with hand hygiene due to time constraints? a. Lack of water b. High workload c. Lack of awareness d. Belief in glove use Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 57. Which factor directly relates to a lack of necessary resources like sinks for hand hygiene? a. Lack of awareness b. Lack of water c. High workload d. Belief in glove use 58. What is the primary purpose of routine hand washing with plain soap? a. Removal of dirt and organic material b. Permanent sterilization of hands c. Preservation of resident flora d. Aseptic preparation for surgery 59. What is the first stage of effective hand washing? a. Washing with soap and water b. Rinsing under clean running water c. Preparation by wetting hands under warm running water d. Drying with disposable paper towels 60. During routine hand hygiene, what is the recommended technique for washing hands with soap and water? a. Two-stage technique b. Four-stage technique c. Six-stage technique d. Eight-stage technique 61. What is the recommended material for drying hands after effective hand washing? a. Cloth towels b. Air dryers c. Disposable paper towels d. Hand dryers Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 62. What does an antiseptic hand wash or alcohol-based hand rub aim to achieve? a. Permanent sterilization of hands b. Preservation of resident flora c. Reduction of resident flora concentration d. Activation of transient microorganisms 63. How is hand antisepsis achieved using antiseptic hand rubs? a. By wearing gloves during hand rubbing b. By washing hands with saline c. By using iodophors or chlorhexidine preparations d. By applying liquid soap and water 64. What is the recommended duration for routine handwashing? a. 5 to 10 seconds b. 15 to 20 seconds c. 30 to 45 seconds d. 1 to 1.5 minutes 65. how long does hand rubbing with alcohol-based solutions typically take? a. 30 to 45 seconds b. 1 to 1.5 minutes c. 5 to 10 seconds d. 15 to 20 seconds 66. What is the primary goal of surgical hand wash or surgical hand rub performed by surgical personnel preoperatively? a. Permanent sterilization of hands b. Elimination of resident hand flora c. Enhancement of transient microorganisms d. Prevention of glove damage Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 67. Why is surgical hand wash with antiseptics recommended before surgical procedures? a. To provide a comfortable environment for hands b. To increase resident hand flora c. To encourage glove damage d. To prevent the growth of microorganisms inside surgical gloves 68. What conditions inside surgical gloves provide an ideal environment for the growth of microorganisms? a. Cold and dry b. Warm and moist c. Hot and humid d. Sterile and dry 69. What is the primary purpose of respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette? a. To control the spread of gastrointestinal infections b. To prevent and control the spread of respiratory infections c. To enhance hand hygiene practices d. To promote physical distancing in crowded areas 70. What is the most important component of respiratory hygiene? a. Avoiding hand hygiene practices b. Touching your face frequently c. Using bare hands to cover your mouth and nose d. Hand hygiene 71. What is the recommended action if a tissue is not readily available when coughing or sneezing? a. Cough or sneeze into your hands b. Cough or sneeze into your upper sleeve or elbow c. Use someone else's tissue d. Skip coughing or sneezing until a tissue is available Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 72. What is the alternative to using soap and water for hand hygiene if they are not available? a. Washing hands with cold water b. Using a hand sanitizer with alcohol c. Not washing hands at all d. Wiping hands on clothing 73. What should be done if a patient is coughing, and a surgical mask is tolerated? a. Encourage the patient to remove the mask b. Replace the mask with a cloth covering c. Place a surgical mask on the coughing patient d. Ignore the coughing and proceed with the interaction 74. What is the recommended distance for separating persons with respiratory infections in common waiting areas? a. One foot b. Two feet c. Three feet d. Four feet 75. Which of the following is a common area where respiratory hygiene measures are implemented? a. Bathroom b. Kitchen c. Waiting areas d. Bedrooms 76. What is the primary goal of placing a surgical mask on a coughing patient? a. To reduce the patient's oxygen intake b. To prevent the spread of respiratory infections c. To make the patient feel more comfortable d. To avoid visual discomfort for others in the vicinity Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 77. What is the primary purpose of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in healthcare? a. Enhancing patient comfort b. Protecting healthcare workers from exposure to infectious materials c. Improving the aesthetics of healthcare professionals d. Minimizing patient safety 78. Which part of the body does gloves primarily protect? a. Eyes b. Skin c. Respiratory tract d. Mouth and nose 79. What is the primary function of masks and respirators in the context of PPE? a. Protecting eyes b. Protecting skin and clothing c. Protecting the respiratory tract d. Protecting hands 80. When should healthcare workers wear gloves? a. Only during surgery b. When anticipating contact with blood, body fluids, or contaminated surfaces c. Only during laboratory work d. When handling paperwork 81. Which material is commonly used for gloves in healthcare settings? a. Cotton b. Leather c. Latex d. Silk 82. What is the primary purpose of sterile gloves in healthcare? a. Everyday patient care activities b. Handling contaminated items and waste c. Surgery and aseptic procedure d. Environmental cleaning activities Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 83. What is the primary function of non-sterile disposable gloves? a. Protecting against direct skin exposure to blood or other body fluids b. Handling contaminated items and waste c. Surgery and aseptic procedures d. Environmental cleaning activities 84. When should disposable non-sterile gloves be used in healthcare? a. When handling medical waste b. Only during surgery c. When starting intravenous (I.V.) lines or performing phlebotomy d. During environmental cleaning activities 85. What is the purpose of utility or heavy-duty household gloves in healthcare? a. Surgery and aseptic procedures b. Handling contaminated items and waste c. Everyday patient care activities d. Laboratory work 86. What is the recommendation for reusing disposable gloves in healthcare settings? a. Reuse as long as they are not visibly soiled b. Never reuse, Discard after each use c. Reuse if decontaminated properly d. Reuse if they remain intact 87. When should gloves be changed in healthcare settings? a. When perforated b. Between patients c. When they become visibly soiled, contaminated d. All choices 88. What is the preferred action if a surgical mask is tolerated by a coughing patient? a. Discard the mask b. Encourage the patient to remove the mask c. Replace the mask with a cloth covering d. Place a surgical mask Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 89. What is the primary indication for wearing goggles in healthcare settings? a. Protection of the respiratory tract b. Protection of the eyes c. Protection of the hands d. Protection of the skin 90. What should be done with utility gloves after they are punctured or torn? a. Discard immediately b. Reuse after decontamination c. Repair with tape d. Continue use until visibly soiled 91. When is hand hygiene mostly recommended in relation to wearing gloves? a. Never needed if gloves are worn b. after removing gloves c. before wearing gloves d. After wearing gloves and before their removal 92. What is the recommended action if disposable gloves are visibly soiled or contaminated during care for a single patient? a. Continue using the same gloves b. Discard immediately and replace with new gloves c. Decontaminate and reuse d. Change gloves after completing the care 93. What is the primary goal of implementing respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette in healthcare settings? a. To promote patient comfort b. To control the spread of gastrointestinal infections c. To prevent and control the spread of respiratory infections d. To encourage hand hygiene practices Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 94. What is the primary purpose of single-use plastic aprons or gowns in healthcare settings? a. Patient comfort b. Staff fashion c. Protection against splashes of blood or body fluids d. Environmental sustainability 95. What should be done with the neck strap and waist tie of a single-use plastic apron or gown before discarding it? a. Untie and keep for reuse b. Tear and discard into a clinical waste bag c. Wash and disinfect for reuse d. Leave them intact 96. How should face shields be positioned to ensure proper protection? a. Covering only the eyes b. Covering only the mouth and nose c. Covering the whole face, including the forehead, chin, and eyes d. Placed on the back of the head 97. What is the purpose of headgear in healthcare settings? a. Protecting the ears b. Containing hair during certain procedures c. Shielding the eyes d. Enhancing vision 98. Why are over shoes not recommended as part of personal protective equipment (PPE)? a. They are uncomfortable b. They increase the risk of slipping c. They may transfer microorganisms from the floor to the hands d. They are ineffective in protecting against spills Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 99. In what situations are fluid-resistant shoe covers or boots recommended? a. During routine patient examinations b. in operating theaters c. In all healthcare settings d. During administrative tasks 100. What is the correct sequence for donning PPE? a. Mask, gloves, gown, goggles b. Goggles, gown, mask, gloves c. Gown, mask, goggles, gloves d. Gloves, face shield, gown, mask 101. How should a gown be donned properly? a. Opening at the front b. Secure at the ankles c. Cutting tie at the back d. Secure at the chest 102. What is the correct method for donning a mask? a. Covering only the mouth b. Fit the flexible nose piece over the mouth c. Place over nose, mouth, and chin d. Wearing it on the back of the head 103. When should gloves be donned in the sequence of PPE donning? a. Before gown b. Before goggles c. After gown d. Before mask 104. What is the recommended sequence for removing PPE? a. Goggles, face shield, gown, mask b. Gloves, face shield or goggles, gown, mask c. Gown, mask, goggles, gloves d. Mask, gloves, goggles, gown Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 105. When should gloves be removed in relation to leaving a patient room? a. Before leaving the patient room b. After removing the gown c. Before removing the face shield d. After closing the door 106. What should be done with reusable goggles or face shield after use? a. Discard them in regular waste b. Place them in a designated receptacle for reprocessing c. Wash them with water and soap for reuse d. Reuse without any additional steps 107. When removing a gown, what should be turned toward the inside? a. Neck strap b. Contaminated outside c. Waist tie d. Clean inside 108. How should hands be washed after removing PPE? a. Before removing the gown b. After removing gloves only c. After removing goggles d. After removing all PPE 109. What is the correct method for removing gloves? a. Peel away from hand, turning glove inside-out b. Discard without any specific steps c. Leave them on until the end of the shift d. Remove only if visibly soiled 110. When should hand hygiene be performed in relation to PPE removal? a. Only before donning PPE b. Before leaving the patient room c. Only after removing gloves d. After all PPE is removed Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 111. What is paramount to sharp safety when it comes to needles? a. Sterilization b. Proper disposal c. Reuse d. Cost reduction 112. What is one of the primary reasons for the importance of sharps safety in healthcare settings? a. Improved aesthetics b. Reduce the risk of occupational injury and exposure c. Cost-saving measures d. Enhancing patient comfort 113. What type of waste do sharps constitute, requiring separate disposal containers? a. General waste b. Biohazard waste c. Sharp waste d. Clinical waste 114. Which of the following is an example of a sharp that poses a considerable risk for injury and infection? a. Cotton pads b. IV bags c. Scalpels d. Latex gloves 115. What is the recommended practice after using a needle device to enhance safety? a. Ignore safety features b. Activate safety sharp disposal measures c. Dispose immediately in regular waste d. Reuse the device Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 116. What must be done with sharps containers to ensure proper disposal practices? a. Overfill them b. Dispose in regular waste c. Keep fingers away from the opening d. Leave them open 117. When selecting sharps disposal containers, what is a performance criterion related to functionality? a. Attractiveness b. Accessibility c. Color d. Environmental impact 118. What does the visibility criterion involve when selecting sharps disposal containers? a. Clear vision of sharps b. Invisibility of containers c. Camouflage design d. dark color 119. Which of the following is an example of a sharps disposal container characteristic related to functionality? a. Environmental soundness b. Ease of storage c. Puncture resistance d. small size 120. What should healthcare workers never put in a safety box according to sharps disposal procedures? a. Needles b. Cotton pads c. scalpels d. syringes Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 121. What is one of the main clinical risks associated with needlestick injuries for healthcare workers (HCWs)? a. Respiratory diseases b. Skin infections c. Blood-borne diseases d. Musculoskeletal injuries 122. When do needlestick injuries commonly occur? a. During routine paperwork b. Sudden patient movement during injection c. Post-surgical procedures d. Staff meetings 123. What is a common cause of needlestick injuries that increases the risk of infection? a. Proper disposal of used needles b. Recapping the needles c. Transferring body fluids between containers d. burning of needles 124. Which pathogenic microorganism is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? a. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) b. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) c. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) d. Influenza virus 125. What is the chance of HCW infection with HBV following a percutaneous injury? a. 1 out of 300 people b. 3-10 out of 100 people c. 6-30 out of 100 people d. 1 out of 1000 people Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 126. Which of the following is NOT a determinant of the risk of transmission following a percutaneous injury? a. Immune status of HCWs b. Extent of injury (superficial/deep) c. Type of exposure (percutaneous/muco-cutaneous) d. patient age 127. What is a potential cost of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens? a. Financial gain b. Psychological trauma c. Improved career prospects d. Early retirement 128. Which of the following is an example of immediate aftercare following a needlestick injury? a. Ignoring the injury b. Waiting for months c. Using soap and water d. Seeking late medical attention 129. What is the primary reason for avoiding recapping needles? a. Aesthetics b. To prevent injuries c. Ease of disposal d. Staff preferences 130. What is the PRIMARY risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens? a. Improved immunity b. Disability, disease or death c. Job promotion d. Shorter work hours Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 131. What should healthcare workers focus on to reduce the risk of needlestick injuries? a. Increasing needle reuse b. Proper disposal techniques of sharps c. Recapping after each use d. Avoiding safety boxes 132. What action significantly increases the risk of transmission following a percutaneous injury? a. Superficial injury b. Solid needle type c. Plasma viremia of the source d. Adequate aftercare 133. What is the recommended action when disposing of used needles to reduce the risk of injuries? a. Recapping the needles b. Puncturing the safety box c. Using a puncture-resistant safety box d. Leaving needles in open areas 134. What should healthcare workers NOT do during disposal to prevent injuries? a. Inspect the container b. Keep hands away from the opening c. Take out and transfer used needles d. Replace sharps container before it gets full 135. How long can HBV survive outside the human body? a. 1 day b. 7 days c. 14 days d. 30 days 136. What is the survival time of HCV on environmental surfaces at room temperature? a. 1 week c. 3 weeks b. 2 weeks d. 4 weeks Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 137. How long can HIV survive in dried blood at room temperature? a. 1 day b. 2 days c. 3 days d. 4 days 138. What is the recommended immediate action following exposure to blood for healthcare workers? a. Apply antiseptics on the wound b. Squeeze the wound to remove blood c. Wash needle sticks and cuts with soap and water d. Apply a bandage and ignore the exposure 139. Which of the following is NOT recommended for reducing the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens after exposure? a. Using antiseptics b. Squeezing the wound c. Flushing splashes with water d. Reporting the exposure immediately 140. To whom should healthcare workers report exposure to blood immediately? a. Their colleagues b. Local authorities c. Occupational Health and their immediate supervisor d. Patients involved in the exposure 141. What information should be included in an incident report following an exposure incident? a. weather conditions b. Source patient information and body fluid involved c. Brand of device and location of exposure d. Type of clothing worn during the incident Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 142. What is the first responsibility of the occupational health professional after an exposure incident? a. Investigate the weather conditions b. Check the source patient's clothing c. Determine HBV, HCV, and HIV status of the source d. Ignore the incident 143. What is part of the post-exposure follow-up considerations for healthcare workers? a. Checking the weather forecast b. Source patient's clothing fashion c. Susceptibility of the exposed person (HCW) d. Type of flooring where the exposure occurred 144. What does the presence of HBsAg in the source patient indicate? a. High Blood Sugar b. Hepatitis B infection c. Hemoglobin saturation d. High Blood Serum 145. Which antibody should be checked to determine the presence of HCV in the source patient? a. HCV antibody b. HBsAg antibody c. HIV antibody d. HCV RNA 146. What does PEP stand for in the context of post-exposure procedures? a. Post-Exposure Prevention b. Post-Exposure Prognosis c. Post-Exposure Prophylaxis d. Post-Exposure Procedure Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 147. What is the primary goal of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)? a. Immediate cure of infections b. Prevention of psychological trauma c. Reduction of transmission risk d. Enhancing immune status 148. What is the primary consideration for the infectious status of the source patient in post- exposure follow-up? a. Type of car they drive b. Availability of hand sanitizer c. Presence of HBsAg, HCV antibody, and HIV antibody d. Clothing brand 149. What is the primary focus of healthcare workers to reduce the risk of needlestick injuries? a. Increasing needle reuse b. Proper disposal sharp techniques c. Recapping after each use d. Avoiding safety boxes 150. What is the primary concern regarding exposure to broken/damaged skin during an exposure incident? a. Cosmetic appearance b. Risk of infection transmission c. Type of device used d. need wound treatment 151. How many doses are typically given in the Hepatitis B vaccination series for healthcare workers? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 152. When should healthcare workers check their immunity to Hepatitis B after vaccination? a. Immediately after vaccination b. 1-2 weeks after vaccination c. 1-2 months after vaccination d. 3-4 months after vaccination 153. What baseline testing is recommended for Hepatitis C (HCV) exposure within 7-14 days? a. Hepatitis B surface antigen b. Anti-HCV antibodies c. HIV antibody d. Blood glucose level 154. When should follow-up testing for anti-HCV be performed after HCV exposure? a. 1-2 weeks b. 2-3 months c. 4-6 months d. 6-12 months 155. What is the recommended duration for HIV PEP medication regimens? a. 1 week b. 2 weeks c. 3 weeks d. 4 weeks 156. How many antiretroviral drugs should be included in HIV PEP medication regimens for occupational exposures? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 or more d. None Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 157. What is the primary goal of HIV PEP medication regimens? a. Immediate cure of HIV b. Prevention of drug toxicity c. Reduction of transmission risk d. Enhancing immune status 158. What is the recommendation regarding the use of condoms after an HIV exposure? a. Condom use is not necessary b. Condom use is recommended only for women c. Condom use is recommended d. Condom use is discouraged 159. What is the recommended action for women of childbearing age after an HIV exposure? a. Continue with normal activities b. Avoid pregnancy for life c. Contraception counseling d. Immediate sterilization 160. What is the alternative recommendation for lactating mothers after an HIV exposure? a. Continue breastfeeding b. Discontinue breastfeeding c. breastfeeding with bottle feeding d. Contraception counseling 161. How often should healthcare workers avoid donation of blood or organs after an HIV exposure until a test at 6 months is negative? a. for life b. 3 months c. 6 months d. 9 months Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 162. Who should be consulted for expert advice in the case of occupational exposures to HIV? a. Colleagues b. Family members c. Expert consultants d. Local authorities 163. What is one of the primary purposes of waste management in healthcare? a. Enhancing patient comfort b. Reducing hospital staff workload c. Protecting the patient, healthcare worker, and community d. Increasing hospital revenue 164. What does proper waste management contribute to in terms of the environment? a. Air pollution b. Resource depletion c. Environmental protection d. Noise pollution 165. Which type of waste is the majority (75-90%) in hospitals classified as? a. Hazardous waste b. Radioactive waste c. Non-Hazardous/General waste d. Infectious waste 166. What percentage of hospital waste is classified as Hazardous waste? a. 5-10% b. 10-15% c. 15-20% d. 20-25% 167. Which of the following is an example of non-infectious waste? a. Human blood b. Sharps c. Toxic chemicals d. Biological waste Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 168. What is the primary characteristic of non-medical waste in healthcare settings? a. It poses a risk of injury or infection b. It is genotoxic c. It contains infectious agents d. It poses no risk of injury or infection 169. What is the main risk associated with healthcare risk waste? a. Risk of injury and infection transmission b. Risk of financial loss c. Risk of equipment damage d. Risk of temperature fluctuation 170. Which of the following is considered infectious waste in healthcare? a. Toxic chemicals b. Sharps c. Radioactive waste d. General office trash 171. Where does healthcare waste originate from? a. Household waste b. Industrial waste c. Governmental Hospital d. Retail waste 172. What is the primary risk associated with healthcare risk waste containing infectious agents? a. Radioactivity b. Genotoxicity c. infectious disease or injury d. Chemical hazards 173. What is the primary risk associated with healthcare risk waste containing sharps? a. Radioactivity b. Genotoxicity c. infectious disease or injury d. Chemical hazards Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 174. Which type of waste is NOT classified as healthcare risk waste? a. Radioactive waste b. Sharps c. Infectious waste d. Household waste 175. What is the primary reason for healthcare waste management in physician's offices? a. Compliance with regulations b. Decoration purposes c. Reducing patient wait times d. Entertainment 176. What type of waste is produced in the course of health care activities during treating, diagnosing, and immunizing humans or animals? a. Radioactive waste b. Industrial waste c. Healthcare risk waste d. Household waste 177. What should be done with sharps waste in healthcare settings? a. Recycle b. Dispose of in regular trash c. Flush down the toilet d. Place in puncture- resistant containers 178. What is the initial step in the waste management process in hospitals? a. Packaging b. Segregation c. Handling d. Designation Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 179. Why is proper waste segregation essential in healthcare settings? a. To increase costs b. To complicate regulatory compliance c. To align with safety and regulatory measures d. To reduce safety measures 180. What color is typically used for infectious waste in the three-bin system according to Egypt guidelines? a. Red b. Yellow c. Black d. Green 181. What is the purpose of packaging infectious waste properly? a. To increase waste volume b. To decrease safety measures c. To prevent infectious waste from becoming non-infectious d. To simplify handling 182. How should waste bags and sharps containers be handled when full? a. Leave them open for easy disposal b. Dispose of immediately without sealing c. Seal and dispose d. Empty waste into open carts for convenience 183. Where should medical waste never be stored? a. Open containers b. Sealed containers c. Intermediate storage areas d. Central storage areas Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy  Infection Control (ELE2) Question Bank 184. How long should waste be stored in the generation area before disposal? a. Up to 12 hours b. Up to 24 hours c. Up to 6 hours d. Up to 48 hours 185. What is the primary consideration during the internal transport of medical waste? a. Ensuring waste leaks b. Preserving handler protection and packaging integrity c. Ignoring the packaging condition d. Transporting general trash together with medical waste 186. What is a requirement for the internal transport of medical waste in hospitals? a. Leaky containers b. Use of regular trash bins c. Cleanable leak-proof carts d. Transport by untrained personnel 187. What is a potential treatment option for infectious waste? a. Composting b. Landfilling c. Steam sterilization d. General recycling 188. What considerations should be taken into account during the disposal of liquid medical waste? a. Wear appropriate PPE b. Dispose of in open gutters c. Avoid decontamination of containers d. Dispose without rinsing the sink Dr. Fatma Elsaoudy