Infection Control ELE2 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of surgical hand hygiene/antisepsis?

Routine cleaning

Reducing the spread of respiratory pathogens

Preventing environmental contamination

Preparation before operations (correct)

Which type of hand hygiene is specifically performed by surgical personnel before operations?

Alcohol-based hand rub

Routine hand washing

Antiseptic hand wash

Surgical hand hygiene/antisepsis (correct)

What is a common infrastructure-related factor contributing to low compliance with hand hygiene?

Lack of sinks and hand drying material (correct)

Lack of awareness

High workload

Irritation of hands from certain agents

How does the belief that glove use will prevent transmission of infection contribute to low hand hygiene compliance?

Creates a false sense of protection Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with a lack of role models from colleagues influencing hand hygiene compliance?

No awareness about hand hygiene Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of routine hand washing with plain soap?

Removal of dirt and organic material Signup and view all the answers

What baseline testing is recommended for Hepatitis C (HCV) exposure within 7-14 days?

Anti-HCV antibodies Signup and view all the answers

When should follow-up testing for anti-HCV be performed after HCV exposure?

2-3 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration for HIV PEP medication regimens?

4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

How many antiretroviral drugs should be included in HIV PEP medication regimens for occupational exposures?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of HIV PEP medication regimens?

Reduction of transmission risk Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommendation regarding the use of condoms after an HIV exposure?

Condom use is recommended Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Infection Control in healthcare settings?

Reducing the spread of infections Signup and view all the answers

Healthcare-acquired infections may include those appearing more than how many hours after admission?

48 hours Signup and view all the answers

Infections acquired in the hospital but appearing after discharge fall under which category?

Late-onset infections Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered at significant risk for infection in healthcare settings?

Service providers (staff) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common factor leading to post-procedural infections in patients?

Inadequate preparation of patients Signup and view all the answers

What does IPC stand for in the context of healthcare?

Infection Prevention and Control Signup and view all the answers

When do healthcare-acquired infections include those not present nor incubating at admission?

After discharge Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason stated for the implementation of Infection Control Programs (ICP)?

Infections are costly Signup and view all the answers

Infection Control Programs require cooperation between members of the I.C.Team and which other entities?

All healthcare staff Signup and view all the answers

Who is at risk of occupational infections in healthcare settings?

Service providers (staff) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Infection Control in Healthcare Settings

The primary goal of Infection Control is to reduce the spread of infections.
Healthcare-acquired infections include those appearing more than 48 hours after admission.
Infections acquired in the hospital but appearing after discharge are categorized as late-onset infections.
Patients, visitors, service providers, and administration are all at risk of infection in healthcare settings.

Infection Prevention and Control (IPC)

IPC stands for Infection Prevention and Control.
The primary purpose of IPC is to prevent the spread of infectious agents.
Infection Control Programs (ICP) require cooperation between healthcare staff and administration.

Risk Factors and Transmission Cycle

Understanding the risk factors in the transmission cycle is crucial for preventing the spread of infectious agents.
The transmission cycle involves the organism, host, and environment.
Hand hygiene is key to preventing the spread of pathogens.

Normal Flora and Transient Flora

Normal flora are microorganisms normally found on body sites.
Transient flora are microorganisms that can be readily removed by handwashing.
Handwashing is essential for removing transient flora and reducing the risk of infection.

Infection Control Measures

Standard precautions include hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, and cough etiquette.
Hand hygiene involves washing hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand rub.
Respiratory hygiene involves using a surgical mask, covering the mouth and nose, and separating persons with respiratory infections.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

PPE includes gloves, masks, and respirators.
The primary purpose of PPE is to protect healthcare workers from exposure to infectious materials.
Gloves, masks, and respirators are used to protect the skin, respiratory tract, and eyes, respectively.

Medical Waste Disposal and Environmental Cleaning

Proper waste disposal is essential for reducing environmental contamination.
Environmental cleaning involves cleaning and disinfecting surfaces and equipment.

Surgical Hand Hygiene and Antisepsis

Surgical hand hygiene involves washing hands with antiseptics before surgical procedures.
The primary goal of surgical hand hygiene is to prevent the growth of microorganisms inside surgical gloves.

Respiratory Hygiene and Cough Etiquette

Respiratory hygiene involves using a surgical mask, covering the mouth and nose, and separating persons with respiratory infections.
The primary purpose of respiratory hygiene is to prevent the spread of respiratory infections.

Infection Control and Prevention Strategies

Infection control measures include hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, and the use of PPE.
Infection prevention strategies involve understanding the risk factors in the transmission cycle and implementing standard precautions.
The primary goal of infection control and prevention strategies is to reduce the spread of infections.### Surgical and Aseptic Procedures
Disposable non-sterile gloves should be used during environmental cleaning activities, handling medical waste, and when starting intravenous (I.V.) lines or performing phlebotomy.
Utility or heavy-duty household gloves are used for handling contaminated items and waste, not for surgery or aseptic procedures.
Reusing disposable gloves is not recommended in healthcare settings, as they should be discarded after each use.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

The primary indication for wearing goggles is to protect the eyes.
The primary goal of implementing respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette is to prevent and control the spread of respiratory infections.
Single-use plastic aprons or gowns are used to protect against splashes of blood or body fluids.
Face shields should be positioned to cover the whole face, including the forehead, chin, and eyes.
Over shoes are not recommended as part of PPE, as they may transfer microorganisms from the floor to the hands.

Donning and Removing PPE

The correct sequence for donning PPE is gown, mask, goggles, and gloves.
Hands should be washed after removing PPE, and gloves should be removed after removing the gown.
Hands should be washed after removing all PPE.

Sharps Safety

Sharps constitute clinical waste, requiring separate disposal containers.
Examples of sharps include needles, scalpels, and syringes.
Sharps disposal containers should be puncture-resistant, have a clear view of the contents, and be kept away from fingers.
Needles should not be recapped, and safety boxes should be used for disposal.

Needlestick Injuries

Needlestick injuries commonly occur during post-surgical procedures, sudden patient movement, and transfer of body fluids.
The main clinical risk associated with needlestick injuries is the transmission of bloodborne diseases, such as HBV, HCV, and HIV.
HIV transmission is a significant risk, with a chance of infection of 0.3% per percutaneous exposure.

Post-Exposure Procedures

The primary action following exposure to blood is to wash the wound with soap and water, and report the exposure immediately.
The occupational health professional should determine the HBV, HCV, and HIV status of the source patient.
Post-exposure follow-up considerations include susceptibility of the exposed person, type of exposure, and the presence of HBsAg, HCV antibody, and HIV antibody.
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is recommended to reduce the transmission risk, with medication regimens typically lasting 4 weeks.