Infancy Exam 3 PDF

CHAPTER 9 - Language Development in Infancy **Language Development** - - - - **Four Broad Domains of Language** - - - - **How do Infants Acquire Language?** - - - - - - **Key Terms** - - - - **Individual Variation** - - - - Diff...

CHAPTER 9 - Language Development in Infancy **Language Development** - - - - **Four Broad Domains of Language** - - - - **How do Infants Acquire Language?** - - - - - - **Key Terms** - - - - **Individual Variation** - - - - Different Styles of Language Production - - \**Individual differences in quantity + quality of words* *\*\*Range from 8-434 words, 18 months = approx. 50 words (production), 13 months = approx 50 words (comprehension)* **Sources of Individual Variation** - - - - - - **Infants Earliest Utterances** - - - - - - - **Prelinguistic Sound Production** - - - - - - - - **Stages of Pre-Speech** - - - - - **How do Infants Learn New Words?** - - - **Learning Words in Context** - - - - - - **Word Frequency** - - - - - - - **The Problem of Word Learning** - - - - - - - - - **Helpful Constraints on Word Learning** - - - - - **Individual Differences in Word Learning** - 30- Million -Word Gap - - - - - - - **How Do Infants Put Words Together?** - **Early Word Combinations** - - - **Behaviourists View on Language Learning** - - - - - - - **Nativist View on Language Learning** - - - - - - - - - - - **Language Processing in the Brain** - - **Multilingualism** - - - - - - CHAPTER 10 - Emotions and Temperament in Infancy **Overview** - - - - - - - - - - **Towards a Definition of Emotions** - - - - **Different Theories on Emotions** - - - - - - - **Structural Theories** - - - - - - **Primary vs. Secondary Emotions** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Drawbacks of Structural View** - - - - **Theories Using Structural Perspective** - - - - - - - - **Functional View** - - - - - - - - - - - **Theories Using Functional View** - - - - - - - - - **Development of Emotional Expression** - - - - - - - **Positive Influences on Emotion Development** - - - - - - - - - **Negative Influences on Emotion Development (box 10.1)** - - - - - - **Summary: Developing Emotions** - - - - - - **Sensitivity Others Emotions** - - - - - **Temperament** - - - - - - - Impact of Temperament on Environment - - - - - - - - - - **Key Temperament Dimensions** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Stability of Temperament** - - - - - - - - - **Does Temperament Differ Across Culture?** - - - - - - **Cross-Cultural Differences and Explanations** - - - - - - CHAPTER 11 - Developing Relationships in Infancy **Development of Attachment** - - - - - - - 1. - - - 2. - - - - - - 3. - - - - - - 4. - - - - - - **How are Attachments Formed?** - - - - - - - **Attachment Figures** - - - - - - **Behavior Systems** - - - - **Attachment vs. Exploration** 1. 2. 3. 4. **Security of Infant - Parent Attachments** - - - - - - - - **Strange Situation Episodes** - - **Types of Attachment** - - - - - - - - - - **Determinants of Strange Situation Behavior** - - - - - - - - - - - - **Stability of Attachment** - - - - - **Attachment and Obesity** - - - - - - - - **Attachment Across Cultures** - - - - - CHAPTER 12 - The Whole Child: Social Cognition **Overview** - - - - - - - - **What is Social Cognition?** - - - - - 1. 2. 3. 4. - **Biases to Prepare Infants** - - - - - - - - - **Attention to Faces** - - - - - - - - **Development of Face Scanning** - - - - - **Beyond Faces** - - - - - - - - **What Assumptions Govern Interactions** - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Developing a Theory of Mind** - - - - - - Sally and Ann Task **Theory of Mind in Infancy** - - - - - - **Example: Theory of Mind in Infancy** - - - - - **Increasing Evidence for TOM in Infancy** - - - - - - **How Might Theory of Mind Develop in Infancy?** - - - - - **Whom to Trust** - - - - - - - - - FINAL EXAM - Essay Questions 4\. Discuss the impact of SES on vocabulary development (box 9.1, p. 260-261) (30 million word gap)