Industrial Microbiology Lecture (3) final (1) PDF

ustrial microbiology & Fermentat (BT 203) Prepared by r. Sameh Khalaf & Dr. Amgad Rad Points Preview Algae in industrial processes. Viruses in industrial processes.  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes...

ustrial microbiology & Fermentat (BT 203) Prepared by r. Sameh Khalaf & Dr. Amgad Rad Points Preview Algae in industrial processes. Viruses in industrial processes.  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes Algae  Algae Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic. Range in size from microscopic to large seaweed. Autotrophic. Four types of algae: – Unicellular – Colonial – Filamentous – multicellular Algae  Algae Microalgae Found in a variety of aquatic habitats. Ex : freshwater, brackish, marine and hypersaline aquatic environments Even reported in desert crust communities Tolerate temperature extremes and low water availability Macroalgae Have anatomical structures resembling leaves, stems, and roots of higher plants 1  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes xamples in industry Biomass production. Biofuel production. Water treatment (Biosorption).  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes 1- Biomass production Opened culture system  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes  Algae in Viruses in Quiz (1) industrial industrial processes processes Open pond systems (Raceway) Open pond systems are shallow ponds in Nutrien can be provided which algae are cultivated. ts through runoff water from nearby land areas. The water is typically kept in motion by paddle wheels and rotating structures  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes Closed culture system Scaling-up  Photo bioreactors Close syste in algae d ms which are Cultivated. Water, necessary nutrients and CO2 are provided in a controlled way, while oxygen has to be removed. Alga receivesunlighteither e directly through the transparent container walls or via light fibers.  Photo bioreactors The accumulation of photo synthetically produced 02, and consequently, the high partial 02 pressures results in inhibition of photosynthesis, due to photorespiration and photo- inhibition. This makes dissolved oxygen a crucial parameter to control in the microalgae production systems.  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes Algal biomass production in opened and closed cultures Algal biomass in opened Algal biomass in closed culture culture Not predictable. High degree of control. Cheaper. More expensive. Contamination is more likely. Contamination is less likely. High biomass yield. Less biomass yield.  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes Microalgae biomass as Feed Traditional uses of microalgae in Aquaculture Feed for:  All growth stages of bivalves, Crustacean, and some larval Stages.  Early stages of some fish.  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes 2- Biofuel  Classification of Biofuels 1st Generation Biofuels Also called conventional biofuels. It includes sugar, starch, and vegetable oil. 2nd Generation Biofuels know as advanced biofuels and can d nifferent betypes of manufactured biomass. from The biomass contains lignocellulosic material like wood and straw. 3rd rd Generation Biofuels Extract from algae mostly marine algae.  Classification of Biofuels Use of Food-based crops, lead to several environmental & social issues. such as land pollution, reduce of agricultural land cause to world hunger and deforestation. 3rd generation bio fuels are better, They reduce atmospheric CO2 as they are photosynthetic organisms. Advantages of using microalgae as source of biofuels Have a higher solar conversion efficiency Botryococcus braunii and Schizochytrium sp. contain up to 80% lipids of their dry weight yield 770 times higher than oleaginous plants per acre. Multiply rapidly. Microalgae can double from 1 to 3 times in 24 hours. Can be harvested (batch-wise or continuously) almost all year round. Algae can utilize salt and wastewater sources that  Lipids yield of microalgae Nutrient starvation can lead to an increase in lipid content. Ex: Microalgae Navicula (NAVIC1) had the highest lipid content, which raised in exponential phase from 22 to 49% (g lipid/g dry weight) in silicon (Si) deficiency & increased to 58% (g lipid/g dry weight) Biodiesel production from microalgae 15 Cultivatio n Harvesti ng Extraction of Oil Transesterifica  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes 3- Biosorption 3- Biosorption  Biosorption (Water treatment) “It’s a natural physiochemical process which includes the ability of biological Biomass to passively concentrate and bind  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes Viruses  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes xamples in industry Vaccines production. Drug delivery.  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes 1- Vaccines production  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes Vaccine production process  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes Types of vaccines Inactivated vaccines. Live vaccines. Edible vaccines.  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes Edible vaccines “It’s a genetically manipulated vaccine in which an antigenic protein is engineered into an edible plant; after ingestion, the protein is then recognized by the immune system”.  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes Edible vaccines  Combining a cost-effective production system with a safe and efficacious delivery system, plant edible vaccines, provide a novel opportunity.  Plant-based oral vaccines are cheap, safe and efficient.  From the point of the little child receiving the vaccine, a smile might be elicited when a ‘banana’ vaccine is eaten rather than a cry from the pain of a needle!  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes 2- Drug delivery  Viruses in Algae in industrial industrial processes processes Thank you Any Question?!!!