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Questions and Answers
What type of vaccine is characterized by engineered antigenic proteins in edible plants?
What type of vaccine is characterized by engineered antigenic proteins in edible plants?
Which of the following accurately describes edible vaccines?
Which of the following accurately describes edible vaccines?
Which type of vaccine does not use live pathogens?
Which type of vaccine does not use live pathogens?
What is a significant advantage of plant-based oral vaccines over traditional methods?
What is a significant advantage of plant-based oral vaccines over traditional methods?
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How are edible vaccines produced?
How are edible vaccines produced?
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What is the primary benefit of using viruses in algae for vaccine production?
What is the primary benefit of using viruses in algae for vaccine production?
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What type of vaccines include inactivated forms of the pathogen?
What type of vaccines include inactivated forms of the pathogen?
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Which of the following processes is utilized for vaccine production in algae?
Which of the following processes is utilized for vaccine production in algae?
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Which type of algae is primarily involved in biodiesel production due to its high lipid content?
Which type of algae is primarily involved in biodiesel production due to its high lipid content?
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What role do viruses play in the context of algae in industrial processes?
What role do viruses play in the context of algae in industrial processes?
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What is one significant advantage of using microalgae for biofuel production?
What is one significant advantage of using microalgae for biofuel production?
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Which vaccine production type is derived from genetically modified plants?
Which vaccine production type is derived from genetically modified plants?
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In biosorption processes, which function do algae primarily serve?
In biosorption processes, which function do algae primarily serve?
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Which microalgae species is noted for having the highest lipid content during nutrient starvation?
Which microalgae species is noted for having the highest lipid content during nutrient starvation?
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What is a primary advantage of using open pond systems in algae cultivation?
What is a primary advantage of using open pond systems in algae cultivation?
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What does biosorption refer to in the context of microalgae?
What does biosorption refer to in the context of microalgae?
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In which industrial application are microalgae utilized for vaccine production?
In which industrial application are microalgae utilized for vaccine production?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of microalgae?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of microalgae?
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What distinguishes macroalgae from microalgae?
What distinguishes macroalgae from microalgae?
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What characteristic of microalgae allows them to multiply rapidly?
What characteristic of microalgae allows them to multiply rapidly?
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Which characteristic of viruses in algae contributes to their industrial importance?
Which characteristic of viruses in algae contributes to their industrial importance?
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Which statement is true regarding biodiesel production processes from microalgae?
Which statement is true regarding biodiesel production processes from microalgae?
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What type of vaccines can be produced using algae in industrial processes?
What type of vaccines can be produced using algae in industrial processes?
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Which of these is NOT closely associated with the use of microalgae in industrial processes?
Which of these is NOT closely associated with the use of microalgae in industrial processes?
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Study Notes
Industrial Microbiology & Fermentation (BT 203)
- Course prepared by Sameh Khalaf & Dr. Amgad Rad
- Course title is Industrial Microbiology & Fermentation (BT 203)
Points Preview
- Algae in industrial processes
- Viruses in industrial processes
Algae
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
- Range in size from microscopic to large seaweed
- Autotrophic
- Four types: unicellular, colonial, filamentous, multicellular
Microalgae
- Found in various aquatic habitats (freshwater, brackish, marine, hypersaline)
- Even found in desert crust communities
- Tolerate extreme temperatures and low water availability
Macroalgae
- Have anatomical structures resembling leaves, stems, and roots of higher plants
Commercial Uses of Algae
- Biogas
- Bioethanol
- Biodiesel
- Biobutanol
- Biofuel
- Bioplastics
- Feedstock
- Animal feed
- Cosmetics
- Nutraceuticals
- Pharmaceuticals
- Vitamins
- Food
- Fertilizer/nutrients
Examples in Industry
- Biomass production
- Biofuel production
- Water treatment (biosorption)
Open Pond Systems (Raceway)
- Shallow ponds
- Nutrients provided through runoff water
- Water kept in motion by paddle wheels
Closed Culture Systems & Scaling-Up
- Controlled environment for cultivation
- Water, necessary nutrients, and CO2 provided
- Oxygen controlled, to avoid inhibition of photosynthesis
Photo Bioreactors
- Water, nutrients, and CO2 provided in a controlled way, while oxygen is controlled.
- Algae receives sunlight either through the transparent container or via fibers
- Accumulation of oxygen can inhibit photosynthesis
- Dissolved oxygen is crucial to control in microalgae production systems
Algal Biomass Production
- Open culture: not predictable, cheaper, contamination is more likely, higher biomass yield.
- Closed culture: high degree of control, more expensive , contamination is less likely, lower biomass yield.
Microalgae Biomass as Feed
- Food for all growth stages of bivalves and crustaceans
- Food for some larval stages
- Food for early stages of certain fish species
Biofuels
- 1st generation: conventional biofuels using sugar, starch, and vegetable oil
- 2nd generation: advanced biofuels using lignocellulosic biomass (wood, straw)
- 3rd generation: extracting from algae (mostly marine algae)
Disadvantages of Food-Based Biofuels
- Use of food crops can lead to multiple environmental and social issues (land pollution, agricultural land reduction, world hunger, deforestation)
Advantages of Using Microalgae as Biofuels
- Higher solar conversion efficiency
- Microalgae multiply rapidly (double in 24 hours)
- Can be harvested almost all year round
- Can utilize salt and wastewater
- Nutrient starvation can increase lipid content in certain microalgae species
Biodiesel Production
- Cultivation
- Harvesting
- Oil Extraction
- Transesterification
Biosorption (Water Treatment)
- Natural physiochemical processes
- Biological biomass passively concentrates and binds pollutants
- Types of biosorption: Absorption and Adsorption
Biosorption (Water Treatment): Membrane Techniques
- Dissolved materials filtered to purify water
- Solids and micro-organisms retained on the membrane
- Algae used in bioreactors, to retain materials
- Algal biosorbent beads in an algal biosorption column to treat water.
Virus Examples in Industry
- Vaccines production
- Drug delivery
Vaccines Production
- Inactivated vaccines: virus is completely killed using a chemical (e.g. formaldehyde)
- Examples: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B (Salk), Poliovirus, Influenza
- Live vaccines (attenuated vaccines): virus is still alive, but cannot cause disease
- Edible vaccines: antigenic protein engineered into edible plants (e.g. bananas, potatoes)
Drug Delivery
- Virus-like particles used to encapsulate and deliver drugs
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of industrial microbiology and fermentation through this quiz. Dive into the roles of algae, both micro and macro, in various industrial processes and their commercial applications. Test your knowledge on bioproducts like biofuels, bioplastics, and more.
