Industrial Pharmacy Lecture 6 - Transdermal Drug Delivery PDF

Transdermal Drug Delivery System  Introduction The concept of delivering drugs through the skin was first introduced in the early 1950s (Sinko 2011). The first commercial product was made available in the United States in early 1980s (Sinko 2011). These first...

Transdermal Drug Delivery System  Introduction The concept of delivering drugs through the skin was first introduced in the early 1950s (Sinko 2011). The first commercial product was made available in the United States in early 1980s (Sinko 2011). These first-generation, passive, transdermal patches were designed to control nausea, vomiting, angina, however, failed to succeed in the market. The introduction of nicotine patches for smoking cessation gave the necessary of this technology during the initial years. Today transdermal patches are widely used to deliver hormones and pain management medications. In 1979, FDA approved the first transdermal patch (TDP) namely Transderm-Scop® for the treatment of motion sickness The market for transdermal devices has been estimated at U.S. $2 billion; This Drug delivery system Refers to formulations, technologies, and systems for transporting a pharmaceutical compound to a specific site in the body at certain rate as needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic effect.  TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (TDDS) It can be defined as a system that can deliver the drugs through the skin to systemic circulation at Fixed rate and maintain clinically the required effective concentration over a prolonged period of time. It is a better and effective substitute to oral drug delivery because able to provide drug at a controlled rate and minimizes the serum drug concentration. COMPARISON BETWEEN IV, ORAL AND TDDS  Layers of skin Basic diagram of skin structure  Routes of drug permeation of skin Transcorneal penetration Intracellular penetration (between the cells): Drug molecule passes through the cells of the stratum corneum. in case of hydrophilic drugs. Intercellular penetration (across lipid rich region): These molecules dissolve in and diffuse through the non-aqueous lipid matrix. Transappendageal penetration The drug molecule may transverse through the hair follicles, sweat glands or sebaceous pathway. Factors Affecting Transdermal Permeability of Drug: Drug DDS Skin Ideal properties of drugs for TDDS