Indigenous Creative Crafts in the Philippines PDF

I. Introduction At the end of the unit, you should be able to: 1. Describe the indigenous creative crafts in the Philippines; 2. Discuss the significance and relationship of indigenous arts and crafts to the Hospitality Course; and 3. Develop a...

I. Introduction At the end of the unit, you should be able to: 1. Describe the indigenous creative crafts in the Philippines; 2. Discuss the significance and relationship of indigenous arts and crafts to the Hospitality Course; and 3. Develop a sense of responsibility in promoting and conserving the Philippine culture through arts and crafts. 4. Identify the different types of traditional Arts and Crafts in the Philippines; 5. Make a presentation on any of the sub-topics of the brief overview of Philippine Arts and Crafts; and 6. Develop a sense of hard work and craftsmanship through a simple craft creation. Throughout Philippine history, craftsmanship and its different forms have always been prevalent. The Filipinos have an innate inclination to create, exemplifying the state of being engaged in their craft and taking a sense of joy and pride in their work. The Filipino craftsman dedicates himself to his art and telling the story of the Philippines, bearing its truest essence-its soul for the world to see. Blessed with natural resources, Filipino craftsmen are able to come-up with a magnificent product that tells a million story not just about their lives but the culture of their place. Clearly, this reflects Filipino crafts that magnify labors of love and patience. These are evident in the products of their skillful hands and imaginative minds. Creative crafts in the Philippines do not only satisfy our senses, but each artwork speaks of the passion and active involvement of the artists in visualizing, connecting, and appreciating the culture and the creative manipulation of the objects around. Do you have what it takes to become a craftsman? In this chapter you will learn the brief overview of Philippine Arts and Crafts and its significance and relationship to the Hospitality Course. It is then expected that you will be able to find yourself become an agent of this culture-filled journey. As you will come to know more of these arts and crafts, be ready to become your most creative self for you will be creating your own handicraft. This journey transcends beyond “knowing” history or “applying” discussed topics, rather, it is an “awakening” of your soul in taking responsibility to promote, conserve, and develop Philippine indigenous creative crafts. Arts and Crafts in the Philippines refer to the various forms of the arts that have developed and accumulated in the Philippines from the beginning of civilization in the country up to the present era. They reflect the range of artistic influences on the country’s culture, including indigenous forms of the arts, and how these influences have honed the country’s arts. The traditional arts in the Philippines encompass folk architecture, maritime transport, weaving, carving, folk performing arts, folk (oral) literature, folk graphic and plastic arts, ornament, textile, or fiber art, pottery, and other artistic expressions of traditional culture. Folk Architecture Folk architecture in the Philippines differ significantly per ethnic group, where the structures can be made of bamboo, wood, rock, coral, rattan, grass, and other materials. These abodes can range from the hut-style bahay kubo which utilizes vernacular mediums in construction, the highland houses called bale that may have four to eight sides, depending on the ethnic association.  Darul Jambangan (Palace of Flowers), the royal residence of Bahay kubo-style Mabini House the ruler of the Tausug Dakay house, the oldest surviving coral Bahay na bato houses in Intramuros, houses in the Philippines still used today Manila (c. 1887) Maritime transport Maritime transport in the Philippines includes boat houses, boat-making, and maritime traditions. These structures, traditionally made of wood chosen by elders and craftsfolks, were used as the main vehicles of the people, connecting one island to another, where the seas and rivers became the people’s roads. Although boats are believed to have been used in the archipelago for thousands of years since the arrival of humans through water, the earliest evidence of boat-making and the usage of boats in the country continues to be dated as 320 AD through the carbon-dating of the Butuan boats that are identified as remains of a gigantic balangay. A balangay reconstruction A large karakoa outrigger warship, 1711 An owong at Lake A paraw Sebu in Palawan Weaving Weaving is an ancient art form that continue in the Philippines today, with each ethnic group having their distinct weaving techniques. The weaving arts are composed of basket weaving, back-strap loom weaving, headgear weaving, fishnet weaving, and other forms of weaving. Cloth and mat weaving Expensive textiles are made through the intricate and difficult process called back-strap looming. Fibers such as Cotton, abaca, banana fiber, grass, and palm fiber are used in the Filipino weaving arts T’nalak A double (kat mat from Sulu Binakul Basketry The fine art of basket weaving in the Philippines has developed intricate designs and forms directed for specific purposes such as harvesting, rice storage, travel package. Sword case, and so on. The art is believed to have arrived in the archipelago due to human migration, where those at the north were the first to learn the art form. Carving The art of carving in the Philippines focuses on woodcarving and folk non-clay sculptures. Woodcarving Indigenous woodcarving is one of the most notable traditional arts in the Philippines, with some crafts in various ethnic groups date back prior to Hispanic arrival with perhaps the oldest surviving today are fragments of a wooden boat dating to 320 AD. Bulul gods Kulintang from Mindanao. Stone, ivory, and other carvings Stone carving is a priced art form in the Philippines, even prior to the arrival of Western colonizers, as seen in the stone likha and larauan or tao-tao crafts of the natives. These items usually represents either an ancestor or a deity who aids the spirit of a loved one to go into the afterlife properly. Carved marbles from Romblon Folk graphic and plastic arts  Church, world heritage Stone carvings at the façade of Miagao The fields under folk graphic and plastic arts are tattooing, folk writing, and folk drawing and painting. Site and a National Folk writing (calligraphy) Cultural Treasure The Philippines has numerous indigenous scripts collectively called as suyat, each of which has their own forms and styles of calligraphy. Various ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines prior to Spanish colonization in the 16th century up to the independence era in the 21st century have used the scripts with various mediums. By the end of colonialism, only four of the suyat scripts survived and continue to be used by certain communities in everyday life.. Folk paintings Folk paintings, like folk drawings, are works of art that usually include depictions of folk culture. Evidences suggest that the people of the archipelago have been painting and glazing their potteries for thousands of years. Pigments used in paintings range from gold, yellow, reddish purple, green, white, blue-green, to blue. Ornament, textile, or fiber art Ornament, textile, or fiber art includes a variety of fields, ranging from hat- making, mask-making, accessory-making, to ornamental metal crafts, and many others. Hat-making, mask-making, and related arts Hat-making is a fine art in many communities throughout the country, with the gourd-based tabungaw of Abra and Ilocos being one of the most prized. Indigenous Filipino hats were widely used in the daily lives of the people until the 20th century when they were replaced by Western-style hats. They are currently worn during certain occasions, such as festivals, rituals, or in theatre The art of mask creation Is both an indigenous and imported tradition, as certain communities have mask-making practices prior to colonization, while some mask-making traditions were introduced through trade from parts of Asia and the West. Today, these masks are worn mostly during festivals, Moriones Festival, and MassKara Festival. Accessory-making Accessories in the Philippines are almost always worn with their respective combination of garments, with some being used as accessories for houses, altars, and other objects. Pottery The art of pottery, categorized into ceramic making, clay pot-making, and folk clay sculpture, has long been a part of various cultures in the Philippines, with evidence pointing to a pottery culture dating around 3,500 years ago. Important pottery artifacts from the Philippines include the Manunggul Jar (890-710 BCE) and the Maitum anthropomorphic pottery (5 BC-225 AD). Maitum Anthropomorphic Burial Jar No. 13 (5 BC-370 AD), a known and National Cultural Treasure used Manunggul Jar from Palawan creatively in crafts and (890-710 BC), a National decoration because the country is an archipelago Principles with an of abundance of indigenou beaches and s crafts marine resources. and Design INDIGENOUS CRAFTS - Indigenous art is produced Introduction by native, or The small islands that make "traditional," up the island nation of the people who Philippines, which is part of are the Malay Archipelago, are descended home to numerous tribes. from the land. Undoubtedly, it is a beautiful Arts and country with lovely beaches, crafts refer to tall mountains, volcanoes, the practice of coral reefs with vibrant creating items colors, and the blessing of a by hand, lush green rainforest. The sometimes locals are friendly and with the aid of support each other through specialized various jobs, but one stands tools, and out in particular. It is the one skilfully fusing that involves Philippine arts that with the and crafts. artist's sensibility and Indigenous materials aesthetic - Timber, canes, sense. The grass, palms, Philippines and rattan are has many examples of villages indigenous devoted to materials that the art and are naturally craft and locally industries, found in a which not particular only attract location. tourists but Capiz, pearls, also provide corals, and jobs for many seashells are Filipinos. also Traditional indigenous crafts like raw materials weaving, in the country metalsmithing that are widely  , pottery, are integral to woodcarving, the expression and of cultural goldsmithing identity. are Following well-known design throughout principles helps the nation reinforce a and highly sense of cultural regarded by pride and both locals empowerment and visitors. The southern within Philippine communities, Islands are fostering a known for strong their priceless connection to ornate ancestral carvings. traditions. The principles of indigenous 3. Sustainable Resource crafts design are important Use: for several reasons, rooted - Many indigenous in the cultural, social, crafts are economic, and closely tied to environmental contexts of the indigenous communities. environment, Understanding and utilizing locally respecting these principles sourced and is crucial for maintaining the sustainable materials. authenticity, cultural Adhering to significance, and principles of sustainability of indigenous environmental crafts. Here are some key stewardship reasons why these ensures the principles matter: long-term health 1. Preservation of of ecosystems Cultural Heritage: and the - Indigenous crafts continued often embody availability of the cultural essential heritage and resources. traditions of a community. 4. Interconnectedness Adhering to with Nature: design principles - Indigenous crafts ensures the often reflect a preservation of deep connection cultural with nature. practices, Principles that symbols, and promote stories that may sustainability have been and respect for passed down the environment through reinforce the generations. understanding 2. Cultural Identity and of the Empowerment: interconnectedn - Indigenous crafts ess between the  craft, the principles of community, and economic the natural empowerment world. within indigenous 5. Intergenerational crafts can Knowledge Transfer: contribute to - The principles of the economic indigenous well-being of crafts design communities. facilitate the This, in turn, transfer of helps sustain traditional traditional knowledge craftsmanship and skills from and supports elders to local artisans. younger generations. 8. Ceremonial and Ritual This Significance: intergeneratio - Some nal indigenous transmission crafts have is vital for the ceremonial or continuity of ritualistic cultural significance practices and within the craftsmanship. community. Design 6. Community Cohesion principles and Collaboration: ensure that - Indigenous the crafts are craftsmanship frequently aligns with the communal cultural and activities, spiritual fostering aspects collaboration associated and a sense with specific of community. ceremonies, Following rites of design passage, or principles rituals. reinforces 9. Cultural Appropriation shared Prevention: cultural - Following values, principles of strengthens respect for social bonds, intellectual and supports property and the well-being cultural of the authenticity community. helps prevent cultural 7. Economic appropriation. Empowerment: Respecting - Adhering to fair the unique trade designs and practices, symbols ethical associated sourcing, and with  indigenous practices, empowering crafts is communities, and fostering crucial to a deeper connection avoiding between indigenous people misrepresenta and their traditions. These tion and principles are essential for exploitation. ensuring the continued vitality and relevance of 10.Adaptation and indigenous crafts in the face Innovation: of evolving social, economic, - Indigenous and environmental crafts are not dynamics. static; they can adapt to changing contexts while maintaining their cultural essence. Principles of adaptation and innovation allow communities to evolve their crafts in response to contemporary challenges and opportunities. 11.Global Awareness and Understanding: - Indigenous crafts often serve as a tangible expression of cultural diversity. Understandin g and appreciating the principles of indigenous crafts design contribute to global awareness, fostering cross-cultural understanding and appreciation. In summary, the principles of indigenous crafts design play a pivotal role in preserving cultural heritage, promoting sustainable