Immunity and Hematology System Medications PDF

1 IMMUNITY AND HEMATOLOGY SYSTEM MEDICATIONS CLASSIFICATION THERAPEUTIC USES MECHANISM...

1 IMMUNITY AND HEMATOLOGY SYSTEM MEDICATIONS CLASSIFICATION THERAPEUTIC USES MECHANISM OF ACTION ADVERSE EFFECTS DRUG EXEMPLARS Immune Suppressants T and B Cell Systemic Lupus Inhibits protein synthesis, decreases GI upset, vision changes, seizures, Azathioprine Suppressors Erythematosus (SLE) inflammation granulocytosis (agranulosis)- a life-threatening condition that involves having severely low levels of white blood cells (neutrophils) Rheumatoid Arthritis Inhibition of folic acid metabolism infections, low platelet count methotrexate (RA) causing death to rapidly replicating (neutrophils), GIm bone marrow cells), immonosupressions suppression, hepatotoxicity, stomatitis *Thrombocytopenia (platelets under 100, 000 is risky and over 150, 000 is very iffy Monoclonal SLE Decreases activity of tumor necrosis infusion-related reactions- fever rash Belimumab and antibodies factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), decreases anifrolumab inflammation *Contraindications: infections, malignancy Immune Stimulants Interferons Hepatitis B and C Act to prevent virus particles from flu-like symptoms (fever, muscle, aches, Peginterferon alfa-2b, replicating inside cells. Also, stimulate chills, lethargy), bone marrow Peginterferon alfa-2a interferon receptor sites on noninvaded suppression, cardiotoxicity, hepatotocity, cells to produce antiviral proteins which dyspnea, alopecia, GI upset prevent viruses from entering the cell. *slows cancer/virus cell proliferation.  2 Antiviral Agents Antiretroviral HIV and AIDS NNRTIs: Bind directly to HIV reverse NNRTIs: GI related; dizziness, blurred -Delavirdine (NNRTIs, NRTIs, transcriptase, blocking both RNA- and vision, headache; flulike syndrome (may Protease inhibitors, DNA-dependent DNA polymerase be related to disease) Fusion Inhibitor activities NRTIs: hypersensitivity, pancreatitis, -Abacavir etc) NRTIs: Compete with naturally occurring hepatomegaly, neurological problems, nucleosides within the cell that the virus bone marrow suppression would use to build the DNA chain Protease Inhibitors: vGI effects, changes -Atazanavir Protease Inhibitors: Block protease in liver function, elevated cholesterol activity to render HIV particle unable to and triglyceride levels, redistribution of fuse with and inject itself into a cell fat, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Fusion Inhibitor: Prevents the fusion of Fusion Inhibitor: insomnia, depression, -Enfuvirtide the virus with the human cellular peripheral neuropathy, nausea, diarrhea, membrane pneumonia, injection site reactions Antiviral Drugs Herpes or Inhibit viral DNA replication by Nausea, vomiting, headache, Acyclovir, foscarnet, Cytomegalovirus competing with viral substrates to form depression, paresthesia, neuropathy, and valacyclovir (CMV) shorter, noneffective DNA chains rash, hair loss; renal dysfunction Iron Supplements Iron-deficiency Anemia Provides iron for hemoglobin GI upset, anorexia, N/V, constipation, ferrous sulfate (Feosol) composition diarrhea, CNS toxicity progressing to come, death with overdose Vitamin B12 – Pernicious Provides supplemental vitamins Relatively few cyanocobalamin (B12) Supplement Anemia necessary for normal RBC production Hydroxocobalamin: Itching, rash, folic acid (Folate) Folate -Folic acid Anemia signs of excessive vitamin B levels Mild diarrhea Pain and discomfort at the injection site Nasal irritation with intranasal spray Erthyropoiesis Anemia r/t kidney Stimulates bone marrow to increase HA, arthralgias, fatigue, asthenia, epoetin alfa (Epogen) Growth Factors disease, chemotherapy production of RBCs dizziness, HTNN, edema, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, DVT, thrombotic events. Leukopoietic Neutropenia Stimulates bone marrow to increase Bone pain, infection (upper and UTI) Filgrastim (Neupogen) Growth Factors production of WBCs allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) 3