Immunology Chapter 1 PDF

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. **What is the primary function of the immune system?** - A) Regulation of body temperature - B) Defense against infectious disease-causing microbes - C) Digestion of food - D) Production of hormones 2. **What term is derived from the Latin word "immunita...

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. **What is the primary function of the immune system?** - A) Regulation of body temperature - B) Defense against infectious disease-causing microbes - C) Digestion of food - D) Production of hormones 2. **What term is derived from the Latin word "immunitas," meaning protection of Roman politicians from prosecution?** - A) Immunology - B) Immunization - C) Immunity - D) Infection 3. **What is the primary physiologic function of the immune system?** - A) To regulate metabolism - B) To eradicate established infections - C) To maintain homeostasis - D) To produce red blood cells 4. **Who was the first to make a vaccine?** - A) Louis Pasteur - B) Edward Jenner - C) Robert Koch - D) Alexander Fleming 5. **Which of the following is NOT a feature of innate immunity?** - A) Rapid response to microbes - B) Reacts in essentially the same way to repeated infections - C) Strict specificity for distinct macromolecules - D) Exists prior to infection 6. **Which type of immunity is characterized by a delayed response but has memory?** - A) Innate immunity - B) Adaptive immunity - C) Passive immunity - D) Active immunity 7. **Which cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity?** - A) T lymphocytes - B) B lymphocytes - C) Natural Killer (NK) cells - D) Macrophages 8. **Which type of immunity is most effective against intracellular microbes?** - A) Humoral immunity - B) Cellular immunity - C) Passive immunity - D) Innate immunity 9. **What type of immunity involves the transfer of serum antibodies or lymphocytes from an immune individual to a naive individual?** - A) Active immunity - B) Passive immunity - C) Humoral immunity - D) Cellular immunity 10. **What is the principle behind the clonal selection hypothesis?** - A) All lymphocytes respond to all antigens equally. - B) Only lymphocytes bearing an antigen-specific receptor will become activated during an adaptive immune response. - C) Lymphocytes produce multiple types of antigen-specific molecules. - D) The immune system does not distinguish between different antigens. 11. **Which feature of adaptive immune responses refers to the ability to remember and respond more vigorously to repeated exposure to the same microbe?** - A) Specificity - B) Diversity - C) Memory - D) Clonal expansion 12. **What does nonreactivity to self mean in the context of the immune system?** - A) The immune system attacks the body's own cells. - B) The immune system tolerates self-antigens and does not generate a response against them. - C) The immune system reacts to all foreign antigens. - D) The immune system lacks memory cells. ### True/False Questions 1. The primary function of the immune system is to regulate metabolism. 2. The immune response is the collective and coordinated response by the immune system to foreign substances. 3. Edward Jenner was the first to make a vaccine. 4. Innate immunity has a delayed response and memory. 5. Adaptive immunity is characterized by strict specificity for distinct macromolecules associated with a pathogen. 6. Innate immunity can stimulate adaptive immune responses and influence their nature. 7. B lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. 8. Cellular immunity is important for defense against intracellular microbes such as viruses and some bacteria. 9. Passive immunity generates memory and is long-lasting. 10. The clonal selection hypothesis states that a given lymphocyte produces only one type of antigen-specific molecule. 11. Adaptive immune responses are capable of clonal expansion in response to antigen stimulation. 12. Immunological memory refers to the immune system's ability to remember past infections and respond more effectively to subsequent exposures. ### Answer Key **MCQs:** 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. B **True/False:** 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True 6. True 7. False 8. True 9. False 10. True 11. True 12. True