23 Questions
What is the primary function of the immune system?
Defense against infectious disease-causing microbes
What term is derived from the Latin word 'immunitas,' meaning protection of Roman politicians from prosecution?
Immunity
Who was the first to make a vaccine?
Edward Jenner
Which of the following is NOT a feature of innate immunity?
Strict specificity for distinct macromolecules
Which type of immunity is characterized by a delayed response but has memory?
Adaptive immunity
Which cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity?
B lymphocytes
Which type of immunity is most effective against intracellular microbes?
Cellular immunity
What type of immunity involves the transfer of serum antibodies or lymphocytes from an immune individual to a naive individual?
Passive immunity
What is the principle behind the clonal selection hypothesis?
Only lymphocytes bearing an antigen-specific receptor will become activated during an adaptive immune response
Which feature of adaptive immune responses refers to the ability to remember and respond more vigorously to repeated exposure to the same microbe?
Memory
What does nonreactivity to self mean in the context of the immune system?
The immune system tolerates self-antigens and does not generate a response against them
The primary function of the immune system is to regulate metabolism.
False
The immune response is the collective and coordinated response by the immune system to foreign substances.
True
Edward Jenner was the first to make a vaccine.
True
Innate immunity has a delayed response and memory.
False
Adaptive immunity is characterized by strict specificity for distinct macromolecules associated with a pathogen.
True
Innate immunity can stimulate adaptive immune responses and influence their nature.
True
B lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
False
Cellular immunity is important for defense against intracellular microbes such as viruses and some bacteria.
True
Passive immunity generates memory and is long-lasting.
False
The clonal selection hypothesis states that a given lymphocyte produces only one type of antigen-specific molecule.
True
Adaptive immune responses are capable of clonal expansion in response to antigen stimulation.
True
Immunological memory refers to the immune system's ability to remember past infections and respond more effectively to subsequent exposures.
True
Study Notes
Immune System
- The primary function of the immune system is to defend against infectious disease-causing microbes.
- The term "immunity" is derived from the Latin word "immunitas," meaning protection of Roman politicians from prosecution.
Primary Physiologic Function
- The primary physiologic function of the immune system is to eradicate established infections.
Vaccination
- Edward Jenner was the first to make a vaccine.
Innate Immunity
- Innate immunity has a rapid response to microbes.
- It reacts in essentially the same way to repeated infections.
- It exists prior to infection.
- It does not have memory.
Adaptive Immunity
- Adaptive immunity is characterized by a delayed response but has memory.
- It has strict specificity for distinct macromolecules associated with a pathogen.
- It can stimulate innate immunity and influence its nature.
Humoral Immunity
- B lymphocytes are primarily responsible for humoral immunity.
- Humoral immunity is not effective against intracellular microbes.
Cellular Immunity
- Cellular immunity is effective against intracellular microbes such as viruses and some bacteria.
- It is important for defense against intracellular microbes.
Passive Immunity
- Passive immunity involves the transfer of serum antibodies or lymphocytes from an immune individual to a naive individual.
- It does not generate memory and is not long-lasting.
Clonal Selection Hypothesis
- The clonal selection hypothesis states that only lymphocytes bearing an antigen-specific receptor will become activated during an adaptive immune response.
- It also states that a given lymphocyte produces only one type of antigen-specific molecule.
Adaptive Immune Responses
- Adaptive immune responses are capable of clonal expansion in response to antigen stimulation.
- They have memory and can respond more vigorously to repeated exposure to the same microbe.
- Immunological memory refers to the immune system's ability to remember past infections and respond more effectively to subsequent exposures.
Test your knowledge of the immune system with these multiple choice questions. Learn about the primary functions and concepts related to the immune system.
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