Supervision in Education Management: A Review PDF

A REVIEW Supervision in education management has been overlooked for decades, with terms like "inspector" and "supervisor" carrying negative connotations, leading some countries to eliminate them altogether. Historically, supervision involved overseeing and organizing work in charitable social agenc...

A REVIEW Supervision in education management has been overlooked for decades, with terms like "inspector" and "supervisor" carrying negative connotations, leading some countries to eliminate them altogether. Historically, supervision involved overseeing and organizing work in charitable social agencies, especially during the 19th century. This role, originally associated with assigning cases and maintaining standards, has evolved to include aspects of teaching and innovation, as seen in figures like those in youth work and social services. The study of past practices helps link historical experiences with current and future developments in supervision.  OVERVIEW Kadushin’s Model of Supervision The Philippine EDCOM Setting PCER Synopsis  KUDUSHIN’S MODEL OF SUPERVISION  KUDUSHIN’S MODEL OF SUPERVISION It is at this point that Alfred Kadushin's discussion of supervision in social work becomes helpful. He goes back to earlier commentators such as John Dawson (1926) who stated the functions of supervision in the following terms: ADMINISTRATIVE EDUCATIONAL SUPPORTIVE the promotion and the educational development the maintenance of maintenance of good of each individual worker on the harmonious working standards of work, staff in a manner calculated to relationships, the cultivation of coordination of practice with Second evoke her fully Problem to realize her esprit de corps. [This is policies of administration, the possibilities of usefulness; and Kadushin's (1992) rendering of assurance of an efficient and Supportive - the maintenance Dawson 1926:293]. smooth-running office; of harmonious working It is a short step to translate these concerns into the current language of the learning organization. As Salaman (1995: 63) argues, managers must have a concern for both performance and learning. Essentially the manager's work is the responsibility for monitoring and improving the work of others; Literary Review - 3 his/her managerial effectiveness is determined by Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque molestie nisl eu sem tristique, sit amet convallis ex aliquam. his/her capacity to improve the work of others. Maecenas varius lectus hendrerit augue blandit, ut posuere erat aliquam. Praesent auctor tellus eget nisl blandit, at varius purus elementum. THE PRIMARY FOCI OF SUPERVISION FOLLOWS: (HAWKINS AND SHOHET 1989; 2007) To provide a regular space for the supervisees to EDUCATIONAL reflect upon the content and process of their work. To develop understanding and skills within the work. EDUCATIONAL To receive information and another perspective EDUCATIONAL/ concerning one’s work. SUPPORTIVE w EDUCATIONAL/ To receive content and process feedback SUPPORTIVE To be validated and supported both as a person and SUPPORTIVE as a worker. To ensure that as a person and as a worker one is SUPPORTIVE not left to carry unnecessarily difficulties, problems and projections alone. To have space to explore and express personal distress, ADMINISTRATIVE restimulation, transference or counter-transference that may be brought up to the work. To plan and utilize their personal and professional ADMINISTRATIVE resources better. To be pro-active rather than reactive. ADMINISTRATIVE To ensure quality of work. ADMINISTRATIVE /SUPPORTIVE Administrative supervision is concerned with correct and effective implementation of agency policies and procedures. This implies a controlling function and a responsibility to ensure that the supervisee works to the best of his/her ability. In educational supervision, Kadushin (1990: 20) considers the primary problem of a worker as ignorance Literary Review - 3 or weptitude regarding the knowledge, attitude and Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque molestie nisl eu sem tristique, sit amet convallis ex aliquam. skills required to do the job. The supervisor has to Maecenas varius lectus hendrerit augue blandit, ut posuere erat aliquam. Praesent auctor tellus eget nisl blandit, at varius purus "dispel ignorance and upgrade supervisee's skill." elementum. In supportive supervision, Kadushin (1992) considers worker morale and job satisfaction as primary problem. The supervisor seeks to prevent potentially stressful situations, reduces stress and helps the worker adjust to stress.. Literary Review - 3 CHAPTER 2: THE PHILIPPINE i SETTING  Borcelle www.reallygreatsite.com University THE PHILIPPINE SETTING The Philippine Setting The recommendations for reforms in basic education started in 1925 with the Monroe Survey. The course in Administration and Supervision was included in the teacher education curriculum in the 1950s. In 1950 the Board of National Education issued Circular No. 7, s. 1950 entitled Code of the Professional Ethics for Public School Teachers and Officials. Article VI-Sections 7 and 8 underscore "effective school supervision and administration", to wit:  CODE OF THE PROFESSIONAL ETHICS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS AND OFFICIALS SECTION 7 SECTION 8 SECTION 9 In the interest of the service, a No school official should Effective school supervision school official, before formulating stand in the way of just and administration demand major policies or introducing promotion of a deserving responsible leadership and important changes in the system, teacher. Moreover, school direction by all school should give his teachers officials should encourage officials, who should at all opportunity for broad-minded and carefully nurture the times show professional discussion and constructive professional growth of courtesy, helpfulness, and criticism, in the spirit of earnest worthy and promising sympathy towards their inquiry and for the good of the teachers by recommending teachers. pupils or students. them for promotions The comprehensive report of the Presidential Commission to Survey Philippine Education (PSCPE) in 1970 "was a milestone in providing major educational reforms in the 1970's and 1980's which addressed the quality, efficiency and equity issues related to basic education". Among its policy recommendations were: 1. That high priority be given toLiterary theReview implementation -3 of an Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque eleven-year system of education.molestie nisl eu sem tristique, sit amet convallis ex aliquam. Maecenas varius lectus hendrerit augue blandit, ut posuere erat aliquam. Praesent auctor tellus eget nisl blandit, at varius purus elementum. 2. That this eleven-year (11) system consists of six (6) years of compulsory elementary education for the corresponding population age group followed by five (5) years of secondary education. 3. That the first six 6) years of general education provide the necessary education for all in the knowledge, skills Literary Review - 3 and attitudes which are basic for personal development Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque molestie nisl eu sem tristique, sit amet convallis ex aliquam. and modern living in an expanding society. It should also Maecenas varius lectus hendrerit augue blandit, ut posuere erat aliquam. Praesent auctor tellus eget nisl blandit, at varius purus provide the knowledge and skills. elementum. 4. That the next phase of general education shall take place in five-year high schools. This phase shall enrich the for technical schooling or necessary for further education. 5. That a nationwide network of comprehensive secondary schools be organized. Both academic and Literary Review - 3 vocational/ technical programs shall be offered in the Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque molestie nisl eu sem tristique, sit amet convallis ex aliquam. fourth and fifth years in these schools. Maecenas varius lectus hendrerit augue blandit, ut posuere erat aliquam. Praesent auctor tellus eget nisl blandit, at varius purus elementum.