Earth Science Grade 11 Q1 Module 1 PDF

Earth Science Quarter 1 – Module 1: Origin and Structure of the Earth (Planet Earth) Earth Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Origin and Structure of the Earth – Planet Earth First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall sub...

Earth Science Quarter 1 – Module 1: Origin and Structure of the Earth (Planet Earth) Earth Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Origin and Structure of the Earth – Planet Earth First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writers: Rochelle M. Mercado Editors: Melanie I. Samudio Jocelyn M. Manset Reviewer: Jason Ricaforte, Angelica Beriña, Princess Paolah L. De Guzman, Marissa C. Betchaida Louie L. Alvarez, Gregorio M. De Chavez, Jr., Jocelyn M. Manset, Mario B. Maramot, Elaine T. Balaogan, Job S. Zape Jr. Illustrator: Ednelinda Robles, Lovely Joy La Rosa, Charles Erick A. Jusay, Sandro Carlo B. Tablizo Layout Artist: Elizalde L. Piol, Anselma M. Ebero Jocelyn M. Manset Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral Job S. Zape Jr. Eugenio S. Adrao Elaine T. Balaogan Merthel M. Evardome Nadine C. Celindro Nicolas M. Burgos Mario B. Maramot Fe M. Ong-ongowan Rosalinda A. Mendoza Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800 Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: [email protected]  Earth Science Quarter 1 – Module 1: Origin and Structure Of the Earth (Planet Earth) Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the Earth Science Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Origin and Structure of the Earth – Planet Earth! This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners. As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. ii For the learner: Welcome to the Earth Science Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Origin and Structure of the Earth – Planet Earth! The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create, and accomplish many things. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you, as a learner, are capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. iii  What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns. Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module. At the end of this module you will also find: References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it! iv  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature of Earth and Life Science. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. The module focuses on the lesson: Lesson 1 – Planet Earth After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. identify the characteristics of the Earth that supports life; and 2. expound how the characteristics of the Earth sustain the needs of a living organism. What I Know Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Why is Earth called “the living planet?” A. It sustains life. C. It has water at the surface B. It has atmosphere D. All of the above 2. Which among the set of planets are called terrestrial? A. Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus B. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth C. Earth, Venus, Mars, Jupiter D. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune 3. What makes the planet Earth habitable compared to other planets? A. It has soil. C. It has people. B. It has trees. D. It has liquid water. 4. What makes planet Earth habitable? A. It has comfortable distance from the sun. B. It has atmosphere that protects from radiation. C. The atmosphere holds carbon dioxide and other gases. D. All of the above 5. Why is Earth called a terrestrial planet? A. It has life C. It is farther from the sun B. It is closest to the sun D. It is placed at almost the middle planets 1 6. Which of the following best describes the surface of the planet Earth? A. a thick layer of hydrogen gas B. cloudy and hot with lots of volcano C. cold, rocky, and covered with red dust D. mostly water surface with some areas of land 7. Earth is said to be a unique planet. Which answer verifies the statement? A. It supports life. B. It is mostly covered in water. C. Its atmosphere is mostly nitrogen and oxygen. D. All of the above 8. Which is supported and sustained by planet? A. life C. a rocky core B. a moon D. an atmosphere 9. How many percent of water comprises the Earth? A. 15% C. 50% B. 30% D. 70% 10. Which factors are needed for organisms to live on Earth? A. temperature and nutrient C. only A B. atmosphere and energy D. both A and B 11. What characteristics does the Earth have to maintain an organism’s body to survive? A. Earth has a water cycle and atmosphere B. Earth has volcanic activities to circulate nutrients. C. Earth has sub-surface water or molten rock that can circulate and replenish nutrients for organisms. D. All of the above 12. What makes Earth similar to Venus? A. Earth and Venus are the right sizes to hold a sufficient atmosphere. B. Venus’ atmosphere is 100 times thicker than Earth. C. Among all the solid planets and moons, only Earth, Venus, and Titan have significant atmospheres. D. Both A and C 13. Which statement about the Earth will help organisms to survive? A. Earth has no protective equipment like ozone. B. Earth has layer water only for favorable climate. C. Earth has man-made natural cycles D. Earth’s temperature is neither the hottest nor the coldest among other planets. 14. Which distinct characteristic made Earth different from any other planet? A. It is the only rocky planet. B. It is the only planet that turns around in space. C. It is the only planet that has a large amount of liquid water. D. It is the only planet that changes its structure 15. What does Earth offers to human in order to sustain life? A. Earth has abundant plant life. B. Earth has sufficient nutrients from ocean to land. C. Only A D. Both A and B. 2 Lesson Origin and Structure of the 1 Earth- Planet Earth Earth is the only planet in the solar system known to harbour life. Our planet has a molten nickel-iron core which gave rise to an extensive magnetic field, which, along with the atmosphere, shields us from harmful radiation coming from the Sun. In this module, you will understand why this planet is called the “living planet.” What’s In Just a part of the vast universe is the solar system. From the previous concepts learned, identify the planets in the solar system in the given illustration. Question: What do you think are the characteristics of the planet Earth that make it different from all the other planets? Notes to the Teacher This module focuses on identifying the similarities and differences among Earth and neighbouring planets and the factors that make a planet habitable. 3  What’s New Earth: A Habitable Planet Read the document carefully and answer the questions that follow Table 1. Factors that make a planet habitable Factors that make a Not Enough of the Planet Just Right Too Much of the Factor Situation in the Solar System Factor Habitable Temperature Low temperatures Life seems to be At about 125oC, protein Surface: only the Earth’s influences how cause chemicals to limited to a and carbohydrate surface is in this temperature quickly atoms react slowly, which temperature range of molecules, and the genetic range. Sub-surface: the interior and molecules interferes with the -15oC to 115oC. In material (e.g., DNA and of the solid planets and moons move. reactions necessary for this range, liquid RNA) start to break apart. may be in this temperature life. It can also cause water can still exist Also, high temperatures range. the freezing of water, under certain cause the quick making liquid water conditions. evaporation of water. unavailable. Atmosphere Small planets and Earth and Venus are Venus’s atmosphere is Of the solid planets and moons have the right size to hold 100 times thicker than moons, only Earth, Venus, and insufficient gravity to a sufficient Earth’s. It is made almost Titan have significant hold an atmosphere. atmosphere. Earth’s entirely of greenhouse atmospheres. Mars’ The gas molecules atmosphere is about gasses, making the atmosphere is about 1/100th escape to space, 100 miles thick. It surface too hot for life. that of Earth’s, too small for leaving the planet or keeps the surface The four giant planets are significant insulation or moon without an warm and protects it completely made of gas. shielding. insulating blanket or a from radiation and protective shield. small- to medium- sized meteorites. Energy When there is too little With a steady input Light energy is a problem Surface: The inner planets get sunlight or too few of of either light or if it makes a planet too too much sunlight for life. The the chemicals that chemical energy, hot or if there are too outer planets get too little. provide energy to cells, cells can run the many harmful rays, such such as iron or sulfur, chemical reactions as ultraviolet. Too many Sub-surface: Most solid planets organisms die. necessary for life. energy-rich chemicals is and moons have energy-rich not a problem chemicals. Nutrients used to Without chemicals to All solid planets and Too many nutrients are not a Surface: Earth has a water cycle, an build and make proteins and moons have the same problem. However, too active atmosphere, and volcanoes to maintain an carbohydrates, organisms general chemical a circulation system, such as circulate nutrients. Venus, Titan, organism’s body. cannot grow. Planets makeup, so nutrients the constant volcanism on Io, and Mars have nutrients and without systems to deliver are present. Those with Jupiter’s moon, Io, or the ways to circulate them to nutrients to its organisms a water cycle or volcanic churning atmospheres of the organisms. (e.g., a water cycle or activity can transport gas planets, interferes with an volcanic activity) cannot and replenish the organism’s ability to get Sub-surface: Any planet or moon support life. Also, when chemicals required by enough nutrients. with sub-surface water or molten nutrients are spread so living organisms. rock can circulate and replenish thin that they are hard to nutrients for organisms obtain, such as on a gas planet, life cannot exist. Factors that make a planet habitable. National Science Foundation, n,d.http://www.lpi.usara.edu/education/explore/our_place/hab_ref_table.pdf Question: 1. What are the factors that make the planet habitable? 2. What are the characteristics of planet Earth that makes it habitable? 4  What is It Earth is the only place in the known universe confirmed to host life and is the only one known for sure to have liquid water in the surface. These are reasons why planet earth is a unique one: (1) It has liquid water; (2) Plate Tectonics; and (3) It has atmosphere that shelters it from the worst of the sun’s rays. Earth is the only planet in the solar system that has a large amount of liquid water. About 70% of the surface of the Earth is covered by liquid or frozen water. Because of this, Earth is sometimes called “blue planet.” Planet Earth is habitable because it has the right distance from the sun. It is kept warm by an insulating atmosphere, and it has the right chemical ingredients for life including water and carbon. It can provide water, oxygen, useful biological products for human, and has suitable weather and climate. Earth, Venus, and Mars may have similarities: (1) They all are terrestrial planets, made of solid rocks and silicates; (2) They all have an atmosphere; (3) They all almost have the same time to rotate on their axes; (4) Earth and Mars both have water; (5) They all have carbon dioxide; and (6 All have landforms. Earth, Venus, and Mars have differences: (1) Venus has no water; (2) Venus and Mars don’t have oxygen; and (3) Earth has life forms. What’s More Activity 1.1 Understanding Planet Earth Compare and Contrast How is planet Earth similar and different from Venus and Mars? Provide possible explanations for your observations using the information in the table. VENUS EARTH MARS Mass (1024kg) 4.87 5.97 0.642 Diameter (km) 12,104 12,756 6792 Density (kg/m3) 5243 5514 3933 Gravity (m/s2) 8.9 9.8 3.7 Escape Velocity (km/s) 10.4 11.2 5 Surface pressure (bars) 92 1 0.01 Composition of atmosphere 96% CO2, 3.5% N 77%N, 21% O2, 1%Ar 95%CO2, 2.7%N, 1.6%Ar Major Greenhouse Gases(GHG) CO2 CO2 H2O CO2 Mean Temperature (0C) 464 15 -65 Temperature if no greenhouse gases are -46 -18 -57 present Changes in Temperature (0C) due to +523 +33 +10 greenhouse gases Distance from the Sun (106km) 108.2 149.6 227.9 Orbital Period (days) 224.7 365.2 687 Orbital Velocity (km/s) 35 29.8 24.1 Length of day (hours) 2802 24 24.7 Global Magnetic Field No Yes No Comparison of the features of Venus, Earth, and Mars (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2015) 5  What I Have Learned 1. Planet Earth is considered habitable because of the following reasons: (1) it has the right distance from the sun; (2) it is protected from harmful solar radiation by its magnetic field; (3) it is kept warm by an insulating atmosphere; and (4) it has the right amount of ingredients for life, including water and carbon. 2. Earth is different from other planets in a way that it is the only planet with liquid water on the surface. a. Earth, Venus, and Mars may have similarities: (1) They all are terrestrial planets, made of solid rocks and silicates; (2) They all have an atmosphere; (3) They all almost have the same time to rotate on their axes; (4) Earth and Mars both have water; (5) They all have carbon dioxide; and (6) All have landforms. a. Earth, Venus, and Mars have differences: (1) Venus has no water; (2) Venus and Mars don’t have oxygen; and (3) Earth has life forms. What I Can Do “Terraforming Mars” Can man change or adjust Mars’ environment to make it more suitable for human habitation? How? List down your answer on the table. 1 2 3 4 5 6  Assessment Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What makes planet Earth different from the other planets in the solar system? A. It supports life. C. The atmosphere holds gases. B. It is mostly covered in water. D. All of the above 2. Which best describe planet Earth? A. It has people that live in it. B. It has soil where trees grow. C. It has trees that provide oxygen. D. It has liquid water in the surface. 3. What makes planet Earth a “house” for living organisms? A. It has comfortable distance from the sun. B. The atmosphere serves as shields from the sun. C. Only A D. Both A and B 4. Which is not true in a comparison between Mars and Earth? A. It has life mechanism. B. It has water and atmosphere. C. It has carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. D. It has atmosphere that supports oxygen. 5. Which must be provided for an organism to survive in planet Earth? A. Mars has larger isolated shield volcanoes than Earth B. Mars likely cooled more slowly than Earth. C. Unlike Earth, there are ices on the polar caps of Mars. D. Unlike Earth, liquid water has not yet been detected on Mars. 6. Planet Earth is considered as “blue planet.” Which of the following best describes the surface of planet Earth? A. Earth has atmosphere. B. Earth has lots of volcano. C. Earth is covered with red dust. D. Earth has mostly water on the surface. 7. For many, Earth is different from other planets. Why do you think so? A. Earth is mostly covered in water. B. Earth has comfortable distance from the sun. C. Earth has carbon dioxide on its atmosphere. D. It has approximately same size as that of Venus. 8. Which statements best define planet Earth? A. It has gases. C. It has rocky core. B. It supports life. D. It supports other planet. 7 9. It was found out that Earth’s surface is covered with water. Approximately, how many percent of water comprises the Earth? A. 45% water C. 60% water B. 50% water D. 70% water 10. Earth can support the survival of organisms. What is/are the factor/s that make/s Earth habitable? I. atmosphere III. temperature II. energy IV. nutrient A. I C. I, II, III B. I, II D. I, II, III, IV 11. In order for an organism to survive, nutrients are needed. What are the nutrients that planet Earth can offer for an organism to exist? A. Earth has an atmosphere and ozone layer. B. Earth has both water cycle and nitrogen cycle. C. Earth has natural activities to circulate nutrients. D. All of the above 12. Many studies have shown similarities of Earth and Venus. What makes Earth similar with Venus? A. Earth and Venus have the same orbit. B. Earth and Venus have the same diameter. C. Earth and Venus have the same atmosphere. D. Earth and Venus are of the right size to hold a sufficient atmosphere. 13. What makes human and other living organisms capable to live on Earth? A. Earth can provide food for the organism. B. Earth can protect the organism from any possible threat. C. Earth’s temperature is mostly hot compared to other planets. D. Earth has the right amount of temperature, water, good atmosphere, and favorable climate. 14. Planet Earth is considered uniquely different from any other planets in the Solar system. Which among the given choices correctly answers the statement? A. Earth is the only planet that changes structure. B. Earth is the only planet that turns around in space. C. Earth is the only planet that is mostly covered with water. D. Earth is the only planet that is mostly made from rocks. 15. What is the reason why every living thing on Earth has the chance of survival? A. Earth is covered with 65% water. B. Earth thick atmosphere consisted mainly of carbon dioxide. C. Earth has active volcanoes similar with those that are found in Venus. D. Earth has ozone layer to protect living organisms from harmful radiation. 8  Additional Activities Creating a Planet: Fill up the data needed in your created planet. My Planet is called _____________________. It is located in the ___________________. The weather is _____________________It would have __________ kinds of organisms. The individual who live there are called _________________________. The individual look like this. The planet looks like this. 9  10 What I Know What's More Assessment 1. D 1. D 2. B Venus has very thick 2. D 3. B atmosphere which is 3. D 4. D almost dense as 4. B 5. B Earth, while Mars has 5. B 6. D thin atmosphere. 6. D 7. D 7. A 8. A Venus is hotter than 8. B 9. D Earth. Mars is colder 9. D 10.D than Earth. 10.D 11.D 11.D 12.D 12.D 13.D 13.D 14.A 14.C 15.D 15.D Answer Key References Astronomy, accessed May 29,2020, https://www.astronomy.com:solarsys Comparison and Contrast of the Earth, Venus ,and Mars, Prezi, accessed May 31, 2020, https://prezi.com/fdx8b8igze26/comparison-and-contrast-of-the- earth-venus-and-mars? Earth: Our Living Planet, NASA Science, accessed May 30, 2020, https://solarsysytem.nasa.gov Lunar and Planetary Institute, accessed May 29,2020, https://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/explore/our_place_/hab_ref_table.pgf? fbclid=IwAR0PF_PjxWEDwp5hASOZaZY18EG9RKlzgDOeaIb4Xwjey4h2tqJkc ecH5CE What Are the Similarities of Venus, Earth, and Mars?,Quora, accessed May 30, 2020, https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-similarities-of-Venus-Earth- and-Mars? Why Is the Earth Habitable?,American Museum of Natural History, accessed May 26, 2020, https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/planet- earth/why-is-the-earth-habitable? 11 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]