II-107-interprofessional-care-maps.pdf

INTERPROFESSIONAL MAPPING  INTERPROFESSIONAL APPROACH An interprofessional approach to healthcare is designed to develop a partnership among healthcare providers and their clients where knowledge and skills are shared so that they may achieve their common goal of improved patient outcomes. S...

INTERPROFESSIONAL MAPPING  INTERPROFESSIONAL APPROACH An interprofessional approach to healthcare is designed to develop a partnership among healthcare providers and their clients where knowledge and skills are shared so that they may achieve their common goal of improved patient outcomes. Students must be educated in interprofessional collaboration, communication, and teamwork to achieve competencies needed to function as a member of the interprofessional team. Why Interprofessional collaboration? To provide proper care and improve patient outcomes,  COLLABORATION  means working together as team members and team leaders.  understand each member’s education, scope of practice, and areas of expertise.  Learning the language, norms, and special foci of other disciplines use of resources and knowledge. RELATED STUDY: INTERPROFESSIONAL COLLABORATION AMONG CARE PROFESSIONALS IN OBSTETRICAL CARE: ARE PERCEPTIONS ALIGNED? In an obstetrical team, obstetricians, midwives and nurses work together in a dynamic and complex care setting. Different professional cultures can be a barrier for effective interprofessional collaboration. Although the different professional cultures in obstetrical care are well known, little is understood about discrepancies in mutual perceptions of collaboration. Similar perceptions of collaboration are important to ensure patient safety. We aimed to understand how different care professionals in an obstetrical team assess interprofessional collaboration in order to gain insight into the extent to which their perceptions are aligned. (Romijn, et. Al,, 2017) RESULT/CONCLUSION: Overall, ratings of interprofessional collaboration were good. Obstetricians rated their collaboration with clinical midwives, nurses and primary-care midwives more positively than these three groups rated the collaboration with obstetricians. Discrepancies in mutual perceptions were most apparent in the isolation subscale, which is about sharing opinions, discussing new practices and respecting each other. Conclusion We found relevant discrepancies in mutual perceptions of collaboration in obstetrical care in the Netherlands. Obstetrical care is currently being reorganised to enable more integrated care, which will have consequences for interprofessional collaboration. The findings of this study indicate opportunities for improvement especially in terms of perceived isolation. To achieve interprofessional competencies, the health care provider must develop skills in mapping their collaborative care and then must be trained to utilize creative health care activities to help the health care provider achieve the competencies identified. INTERPROFESSIONAL COLLABORATION AND FOUR Core competencies: 1) values and ethics for interprofessional practice, 2) roles and responsibilities for collaborative practice, 3) interprofessional communication practices, and 4) interprofessional teamwork. STANDARD OF CARE Standards of care in nursing are guidelines that provide a foundation as to how a nurse should act, and what they should and should not do in their professional capacity. These policies and procedures are guidelines that all nurses must follow. American Nurses Association/Society of Pediatric Nurses Standards of Care and Professional Performance Standards of Care Comprehensive pediatric nursing care focuses on helping children and their families and communities achieve their optimum health potentials. This is best achieved within the framework of family-centered care and the nursing process, including primary, secondary, and tertiary care coordinated across health care and community settings. Standard I: Assessment The pediatric nurse collects patient health data. Standard II: Diagnosis The pediatric nurse analyzes the assessment data in determining diagnoses. Standard III: Outcome Identification The pediatric nurse identifies expected outcomes individualized to the child and the family. Standard IV: Planning The pediatric nurse develops a plan of care that prescribes interventions to obtain expected outcomes. Standard V: Implementation The pediatric nurse implements the interventions identified in the plan of care. Standard VI: Evaluation The pediatric nurse evaluates the child’s and family’s progress toward attainment of outcomes. Standards of Professional Performance Standard I: Quality of Care The pediatric nurse systematically evaluates the quality and effectiveness of pediatric nursing practice. Standard II: Performance Appraisal The pediatric nurse evaluates his or her own nursing practice in relation to professional practice standards and relevant statutes and regulations. Standard III: Education The pediatric nurse acquires and maintains current knowledge and competency in pediatric nursing practice. Standard IV: Collegiality The pediatric nurse interacts with and contributes to the professional development of peers, colleagues, and other health care providers. Standard V: Ethics The pediatric nurse’s assessment, actions, and recommendations on behalf of children and their families are determined in an ethical manner. Standard VI: Collaboration The pediatric nurse collaborates with the child, family, and other health care providers in providing client care. Standard VII: Research The pediatric nurse contributes to nursing and pediatric health care through the use of research methods and findings. Standard VIII: Resource Utilization The pediatric nurse considers factors related to safety, effectiveness, and cost in planning and delivering patient care. Source: American Nurses Association and Society of Pediatric Nurses. (2003). Scope and standards of pediatric clinical practice. Washington, D.C.: American Nurses Publishing House. RELATED STUDY: FITZGERALD A, DAVISON G. INNOVATIVE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY TEAMS: LEARNING TO BE A TEAM PLAYER IS AS IMPORTANT AS LEARNING OTHER SPECIALISED SKILLS. J HEALTH ORGAN MANAG 2008;22:129–46. 10.1108/14777260810876303 [PUBMED] In most cases, communication failure was attributed to organization culture, for example, hierarchy and failure to function as a team. In an obstetrical team, obstetricians, midwives and nurses need to work together in a dynamic and complex care setting. These care professionals are required to be skilled top players in their own discipline and they must also be effective team players.  Hall P. Interprofessional teamwork: professional cultures as barriers. J Interprof Care 2005;19(suppl 1):188–96. 10.1080/13561820500081745 [PubMed] Differences between professional cultures can be an important barrier for interprofessional collaboration Obstetricians and midwives are known to have different views on pregnancy and childbirth as a result of differences in education, responsibilities and patient populations Reime B, Klein MC, Kelly A, et al.. Do maternity care provider groups have different attitudes towards birth? BJOG 2004;111:1388–93. 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00338.x [PubMed] Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses Standards and Guidelines Standards of Professional Performance Standard I: Quality of Care The nurse systematically evaluates the quality and effectiveness of nursing practice. Standard II: Performance Appraisal The nurse evaluates his/her own nursing practice in relation to professional practice standards and relevant statutes and regulations. Standard III: Education The nurse acquires and maintains current knowledge in nursing practice. Standard IV: Collegiality The nurse contributes to the professional development of peers, colleagues, and others. Standard V: Ethics The nurse’s decisions and actions on behalf of patients are determined in an ethical manner. Standard VI: Collaboration The nurse collaborates with the patient, significant others, and health care providers in providing patient care. Standard VII: Research The nurse uses research findings in practice. Standard VIII: Resource Utilization The nurse considers factors related to safety, effectiveness, and cost in planning and delivering patient care. Standard IX: Practice Environment The nurse contributes to the environment of care delivery within the practice settings. Standard X: Accountability The nurse is professionally and legally accountable for his/her practice. The professional registered nurse may delegate to and supervise qualified personnel who provide patient care. Source: Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses. (1998). Standards for the nursing care of women and newborns (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author. TEAM WORK Teamwork is the collaborative effort of a group to achieve a common goal or to complete a task in the most effective and efficient way. This concept is seen within the greater framework of a team, which is a group of interdependent individuals who work together towards a common goal. COLLABORATIVE CARE IN NURSING Collaborative practice is based on a foundation of client-centred care, open communication, mutual trust, shared decision-making and accountability, and respect and value of the knowledge and experience each unique nursing profession provides as part of the care team. To sum up these competency domains, embracing the values and ethics of interprofessional practice means: 1. working together while respecting the expertise of those in other disciplines. 2. Being aware of the professional roles and responsibilities of other team members 3. communicating effectively with patients, families, and other healthcare professionals; and 4. building relationships to plan, implement, and evaluate safe care RELATED STUDY: THE HUMAN FACTOR: THE CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE TEAMWORK AND COMMUNICATION IN PROVIDING SAFE CARE. QUAL SAF HEALTH CARE 2004;13(SUPPL 1):I85–I90. 10.1136/QSHC.2004.010033 [PMC FREE ARTICLE] [PUBMED] [CROSSREF] [GOOGLE SCHOLAR] [REF LIST] In multidisciplinary teams it is important that ideas about patient care needs and perceptions of collaboration among care professionals are aligned to ensure patient safety. LEONARD M, GRAHAM S, BONACUM D. (2004) MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM MEMBERS Benefits: 1.improved patient outcomes 2.fewer preventable errors 3.reduced healthcare costs 4.improved relationships with other disciplines 5.enhanced communication Interprofessional collaboration “multiple health workers is when from different professional backgrounds work together with patients, families, carers (caregivers), and communities to deliver the highest quality of care.” (World Health Organization)  SKILLS OF COLLABORATION 1. Identify the need for interdisciplinary conferences 2. Identify significant information to report to other disciplines (e.g., health care provider, pharmacist, social worker, respiratory therapist) 3. Review plan of care to ensure continuity across disciplines 4. Collaborate with healthcare members in other disciplines when providing client care 5. Serve as a resource person to other staff BENEFITS FOR NURSES: 1.advocate for the client. 2.serve as the leader/member of an interdisciplinary group. 3.enhance the nurse's commitment to clients and client care. 4. employ group skills such as negotiation, compromise, conflict resolution, and achieving consensus 5. utilize creative problem solving and decision making skills to achieve desired patient outcomes and goals.  PLANNING A CONFERENCE Data of information Invitation of healthcare team members Clear time, date and a room Encourage client and significant others to attend. have some recommendations for future care organized a medical mission activity EFFECTIVE COLLABORATOR 1.communication skills 2.respect 3. trust 4.critical thinking skills, problem solving skills and decision making skills 5.identify the contributions of others ATTITUDE DURING CONFERENCE 1. Good listener 2. Opens to suggestions of others 3. Shows a respectful manner 4. Be able compromise 5. Be able negotiate the best plan of care for the patient.  “Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much” ― Helen Keller Keywords : collaboration, life, teamwork