IELTS Cambridge IELTS 9 Test 1 PDF

“CA MBRIDGE F ] mge UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ESOL Examinations WITH ANSWERS AUTHENTIC EXAMINATION PAPERS FROM CAMBRIDGE ESOL...

“CA MBRIDGE F ] mge UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ESOL Examinations WITH ANSWERS AUTHENTIC EXAMINATION PAPERS FROM CAMBRIDGE ESOL HAA SRR BBEAH HehinAR BR EE A BeSei (FRA. BOAMNTRERSRS) EH. Official ME preparation material for IELTS  For IELTS help http://etfl.com Cambridge IELTS 9 Authentic examination papers from Cambridge ESOL CAMBRIDGE ‘gy UNIVERSITY PRESS For IELTS help http://etfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 1 LISTENING SECTION 1 Questions 1-10 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. JOB ENQUIRY Example «e Work at: a restaurant Type of work: 1 Number of hours per week: |2 hours Would need work permit Work in the: 2 Extra benefits: — a free dinner — extra pay when you work on 5 — transport home when you work 6 Qualities required: — ability to 8 Interview arranged for: Thursday 9 Bring the names of two referees Ask for: Samira 10 10 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Listening SECTION 2 Questions 11—20 Questions 11-16 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. SPORTS WORLD of an international sports goods company located in the shopping centre to the 12 of Bradcaster has sports 13 and equipment on floors 1 — 3 can get you any item within 14 shop specialises in equipment for 15 has a special section which just sells 16 11 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 1 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Questions 17 and 18 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. 17 A champion athlete will be in the shop A on Saturday morning only. B all day Saturday. C for the whole weekend. 18 The first person to answer 20 quiz questions correctly will win A gym membership. B avideo. C acalendar. Questions 19 and 20 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO pieces of information does the speaker give about the fitness test? You need to reserve a place. It is free to account holders. You get advice on how to improve your health. It takes place in a special clinic. moop It is cheaper this month. 12 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help hittp://letfl.com Listening SECTION 3 Questions 21—30 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. Course Feedback 21 One reason why Spiros felt happy about his marketing presentation was that A he was not nervous. B his style was good. C the presentation was the best in his group. 22 What surprised Hiroko about the other students’ presentations? A Their presentations were not interesting. B They found their presentations stressful. C They didn’t look at the audience enough. 23 After she gave her presentation, Hiroko felt A delighted. B dissatisfied. C embarrassed. 24 How does Spiros feel about his performance in tutorials? A not very happy B really pleased C fairly confident 25 Why can the other students participate so easily in discussions? A They are polite to each other. B They agree to take turns in speaking. C They know each other well. 26 Why is Hiroko feeling more positive about tutorials now? A She finds the other students’ opinions more interesting. B = She is making more of a contribution. C The tutor includes her in the discussion. 27 To help her understand lectures, Hiroko A consulted reference materials. B had extra tutorials with her lecturers. C borrowed lecture notes from other students. 13 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 1 For IELTS help http://letfl.com 28 What does Spiros think of his reading skills? A He reads faster than he used to. Bit still takes him a long time to read. C He tends to struggle with new vocabulary. 29 What is Hiroko’s subject area? A environmental studies B health education C engineering 30 Hiroko thinks that in the reading classes the students should A learn more vocabulary. B read more in their own subject areas. C develop better reading strategies. 14 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Listening SECTION 4 Questions 31—40 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. ` Mass Strandings of Whales and Dolphins Mass strandings: situations where groups of whales, dolphins, etc. swim onto the beach and die Common in areas where the OT iisi can change quickly Several other theories: Parasites e.g. some parasites can affect marine animals? 32 iii , which they depend on for navigation Toxins Poisons from 33 iiaeiai O EEE ETE are commonly consumed by whales e.g. Cape Cod (1988) — whales were killed by saxitoxin Accidental Strandings Animals may follow prey ashore, e.g. Thurston (1995) Unlikely because the majority of animals were not 34 rrn when they stranded Human Activity SI, from military tests are linked to some recent strandings The Bahamas (2000) stranding was unusual because the whales e were all 36 isisisi e were notin a 37 n 15 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 1 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Group Behaviour e More strandings in the most 38 species of whales e 1994 dolphin stranding — only the 39 was ill Further Reading Marine Mammals Ashore (Connor) ~ gives information about stranding 40 16 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1—13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. William Henry Perkin The man who invented synthetic dyes William Henry Perkin was born on At the time, quinine was the only viable March 12, 1838, in London, England. medical treatment for malaria. The As a boy, Perkin’s curiosity prompted drug is derived from the bark of the early interests in the arts, sciences, cinchona tree, native to South America, photography, and engineering. But it was and by 1856 demand for the drug was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, surpassing the available supply. Thus, yet functional, laboratory in his late when Hofmann made some passing grandfather’s home that solidified the comments about the desirability of a young man’s enthusiasm for chemistry. synthetic substitute for quinine, it was As a student at the City of London School, unsurprising that his star pupil was Perkin became immersed in the study of moved to take up the challenge. chemistry. His talent and devotion to the During his vacation in 1856, Perkin subject were perceived by his teacher, spent his time in the laboratory on the Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to top floor of his family’s house. He was attend a series of lectures given by the attempting to manufacture quinine eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the from aniline, an inexpensive and readily Royal Institution. Those speeches fired available coal tar waste product. Despite the young chemist’s enthusiasm further, his best efforts, however, he did not end and he later went on to attend the Royal up with quinine. Instead, he produced a College of Chemistry, which he succeeded mysterious dark sludge. Luckily, Perkin’s in entering in 1853, at the age of 15. scientific training and nature prompted At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the him to investigate the substance further. Royal College of Chemistry was headed Incorporating potassium dichromate and by the noted German chemist August alcohol into the aniline at various stages Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin’s scientific of the experimental process, he finally gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention produced a deep purple solution. And, and, within two years, he became proving the truth of the famous scientist Hofmann’s youngest assistant. Not long Louis Pasteur’s words ‘chance favours after that, Perkin made the scientific only the prepared mind’, Perkin saw the breakthrough that would bring him both potential of his unexpected find. fame and fortune. 17 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 1 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Historically, textile dyes were made With the help of his father and brother, from such natural sources as plants Perkin set up a factory not far from and animal excretions. Some of these, London. Utilising the cheap and plentiful such as the glandular mucus of snails, coal tar that was an almost unlimited were difficult to obtain and outrageously byproduct of London’s gas street lighting, expensive. Indeed, the purple colour the dye works began producing the extracted from a snail was once so costly world’s first synthetically dyed material that in society at the time only the rich in 1857. The company received a could afford it. Further, natural dyes commercial boost from the Empress tended to be muddy in hue and fade Eugénie of France, when she decided quickly. It was against this backdrop that the new colour flattered her. Very soon, Perkin’s discovery was made. mauve was the necessary shade for all Perkin quickly grasped that his purple the fashionable ladies in that country. Not to be outdone, England’s Queen solution could be used to colour Victoria also appeared in public wearing fabric, thus making it the world’s first synthetic dye. Realising the importance a mauve gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well. The dye was of this breakthrough, he lost no time in patenting it. But perhaps the most bold and fast, and the public clamoured for more. Perkin went back to the fascinating of all Perkin’s reactions to his drawing board. find was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial Although Perkin’s fame was achieved possibilities. and fortune assured by his first Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian discovery, the chemist continued Purple, but it later became commonly his research. Among other dyes he known as mauve (from the French for developed and introduced were aniline the plant used to make the colour violet). red (1859) and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkin’s green. It is He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him important to note that Perkin’s synthetic that manufacturing the dye would be dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond well worth it if the colour remained the merely decorative. The dyes also fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost became vital to medical research in was relatively low. So, over the fierce many ways. For instance, they were used objections of his mentor Hofmann, he to stain previously invisible microbes and left college to give birth to the modern bacteria, allowing researchers to identify chemical industry. such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria. 18 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading Questions 1—7 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN _ if there is no information on this 1 Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin’s ability as a student of chemistry. Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry. Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant. Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous. The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America. Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product. Nn FP on N O W Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur. 19 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 1 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Questions 8-13 Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet. 8 Before Perkin’s discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated? 9 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had? 10 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented? 11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works? 12 In what country did Perkin’s newly invented colour first become fashionable? 13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes? 20 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help hittp://letfl.com Reading READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages. Questions 14—17 Reading Passage 2 has five paragraphs, A-E. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, [-vil, in boxes 14—17 on your answer sheet. List of Headings Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planets Appropriate responses to signals from other civilisations Vast distances to Earth’s closest neighbours Assumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence Reasons for the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence Knowledge of extra-terrestrial life forms Likelihood of life on other planets Example Answer Paragraph A V 14 Paragraph B 15 Paragraph C 16 Paragraph D 17 Paragraph E 21 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  Test 1 For IELTS help http://letfl.com IS THERE ANYBODY OUT THERE? The Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence The question of whether we are alone in the Universe has haunted humanity for centuries, but we may now stand poised on the brink of the answer to that question, as we search for radio signals from other intelligent civilisations. This search, often known by the acronym SETI {search for extra-terrestrial intelligence], is a difficult one. Although groups around the world have been searching intermittently for three decades, it is only now that we have reached the level of technology where we can make a determined attempt to search all nearby stars for any sign of life. A The primary reason for the search is basic curiosity — the same curiosity about the natural world that drives all pure science. We want to know whether we are alone in the Universe. We want to know whether life evolves naturally if given the right conditions, or whether there is something very special about the Earth to have fostered the variety of life forms that we see around us on the planet. The simple detection of a radio signal will be sufficient to answer this most basic of all questions. In this sense, SETI is another cog in the machinery of pure science which is continually pushing out the horizon of our knowledge. However, there are other reasons for being interested in whether life exists elsewhere. For example, we have had civilisation on Earth for perhaps only a few thousand years, and the threats of nuclear war and pollution over the last few decades have told us that our survival may be tenuous. Will we last another two thousand years or will we wipe ourselves out? Since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years, we can expect that, if other civilisations do survive in our galaxy, their ages will range from zero to several billion years. Thus any other civilisation that we hear from is likely to be far older, on average, than ourselves. The mere existence of such a civilisation will tell us that long-term survival is possible, and gives us some Cause for optimism. It is even possible that the older civilisation may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven't yet discovered. B In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists don't consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration (although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future). Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate 22 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water. C Even when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited. We do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and we certainly do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way], and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems inconceivable that at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms. D An alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy. It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted power, radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 Mrz travel the greatest distance, and so all searches to date have concentrated on looking for radio waves in this frequency range. So far there have been a number of searches by various groups around the world, including Australian searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched. The scale of the searches has been increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once. The project has two parts. One part is a targeted search using the world’s largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the French telescope in Nancy in France. This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000 likely stars with high sensitivity for signals in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz. The other part of the project is an undirected search which is monitoring all of space with a lower sensitivity, using the smaller antennas of NASAs Deep Space Network. E There is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an alien civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately. Quite apart from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice, it raises a host of ethical questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent. Would the human race face the culture shock if faced with a superior and much older civilisation? Luckily, there is no urgency about this. The stars being searched are hundreds of light years away, so it takes hundreds of years for their signal to reach us, and a further few hundred years for our reply to reach them. It’s not important, then, if there’s a delay of a few years, or decades, while the human race debates the question of whether to reply, and perhaps carefully drafts a reply. 23 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  Test 1 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Questions 18-20 Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 18-20 on your answer sheet. 18 What is the life expectancy of Earth? 19 What kind of signals from other intelligent civilisations are SETI scientists searching for? 20 How many stars are the world’s most powerful radio telescopes searching? Questions 21—26 Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 21—26 on your answer sheet, write YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 21 Alien civilisations may be able to help the human race to overcome serious problems. 22 SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways. 23 The Americans and Australians have co-operated on joint research projects. 24 So far SETI scientists have picked up radio signals from several stars. 25 The NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress. 26 If a signal from outer space is received, it will be important to respond promptly. 24 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27—40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. The history of the tortoise If you go back far enough, everything lived their remote ancestors. They don’t even in the sea. At various points in evolutionary come ashore to breed. They do, however, history, enterprising individuals within still breathe air, having never developed many different animal groups moved out anything equivalent to the gills of their onto the land, sometimes even to the earlier marine incarnation. Turtles went most parched deserts, taking their own back to the sea a very long time ago and, private seawater with them in blood and like all vertebrate returnees to the water, cellular fluids. In addition to the reptiles, they breathe air. However, they are, in one birds, mammals and insects which we respect, less fully given back to the water see all around us, other groups that have than whales or dugongs, for turtles still lay succeeded out of water include scorpions, their eggs on beaches. snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and There is evidence that all modern land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, turtles are descended from a terrestrial spiders and various worms. And we ancestor which lived before most of the mustn't forget the plants, without whose dinosaurs. There are two key fossils prior invasion of the land none of the other called Proganochelys quenstedti and migrations could have happened. Palaeochersis talampayensis dating Moving from water to land involved from early dinosaur times, which appear a major redesign of every aspect of life, to be close to the ancestry of all modern including breathing and reproduction. turtles and tortoises. You might wonder Nevertheless, a good number of how we can tell whether fossil animals thoroughgoing land animals later turned lived on land or in water, especially if around, abandoned their hard-earned only fragments are found. Sometimes terrestrial re-tooling, and returned to it’s obvious. Ichthyosaurs were reptilian the water again. Seals have only gone contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins part way back. They show us what the and streamlined bodies. The fossils look intermediates might have been like, on like dolphins and they surely lived like the way to extreme cases such as whales dolphins, in the water. With turtles it is a and dugongs. Whales (including the small little less obvious. One way to tell is by whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, measuring the bones of their forelimbs. with their close cousins the manatees, Walter Joyce and Jacques Gauthier, ceased to be land creatures altogether at Yale University, obtained three and reverted to the full marine habits of measurements in these particular bones 25 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 1 For IELTS help http://letfl.com of 71 species of living turtles and tortoises. not. If you draw out the family tree of They used a kind of triangular graph paper all modern turtles and tortoises, nearly to plot the three measurements against all the branches are aquatic. Today’s one another. All the land tortoise species land tortoises constitute a single branch, formed a tight cluster of points in the upper deeply nested among branches consisting part of the triangle; all the water turtles of aquatic turtles. This suggests that cluster in the lower part of the triangular modern land tortoises have not stayed graph. There was no overlap, except when on land continuously since the time of P they added some species that spend time quenstedti and P. talampayensis. Rather, both in water and on land. Sure enough, their ancestors were among those who these amphibious species show up on the went back to the water, and they then re- triangular graph approximately half way emerged back onto the land in (relatively) between the ‘wet cluster’ of sea turtles and more recent times. the ‘dry cluster’ of land tortoises. The next Tortoises therefore represent a step was to determine where the fossils remarkable double return. In common fell. The bones of P quenstedti and P with all mammals, reptiles and birds, their talampayensis leave us in no doubt. Their remote ancestors were marine fish and points on the graph are right in the thick before that various more or less worm-like of the dry cluster. Both these fossils were creatures stretching back, still in the sea, to dry-land tortoises. They come from the era the primeval bacteria. Later ancestors lived before our turtles returned to the water. on land and stayed there for a very large You might think, therefore, that modern number of generations. Later ancestors still land tortoises have probably stayed on evolved back into the water and became land ever since those early terrestrial sea turtles. And finally they returned yet times, as most mammals did after a few of again to the land as tortoises, some of them went back to the sea. But apparently which now live in the driest of deserts. 26 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading Questions 27—30 Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 27—30 on your answer sheet. 27 What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate? 28 Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big changes as they moved onto land? 29 Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack? 30 Which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled? Questions 31-33 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 31 Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea. 32 It is always difficult to determine where an animal lived when its fossilised remains are incomplete. 33 The habitat of ichthyosaurs can be determined by the appearance of their fossilised remains. 27 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  Test 1 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Questions 34-39 Complete the flow-chart below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 34-39 on your answer sheet. Method of determining where the ancestors of turtles and tortoises come from Step 1 71 species of living turtles and tortoises were examined and a total of 34.................. were taken from the bones of their forelimbs. T Step 2 The data was recorded on a 35 oe. (necessary for comparing the information). Outcome: Land tortoises were represented by a dense 36................... of points towards the top. Sea turtles were grouped together in the bottom part. $ Step 3 The same data was collected from some living 37 „a species and added to the other results. Outcome: The points for these species turned out to be positioned about 38................... | up the triangle between the land tortoises and the sea turtles. Step 4 Bones of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis were examined in a similar way and the results added. Outcome: The position of the points indicated that both these ancient creatures were 1 eae ae 28 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading Question 40 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet. According to the writer, the most significant thing about tortoises is that they are able to adapt to life in extremely dry environments. their original life form was a kind of primeval bacteria. they have so much in common with sea turtles. >} 0NWthey have made the transition from sea to land more than once. 29 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 1 For IELTS help http://letfl.com WRITING WRITING TASK 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of some tourist facilities. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. Before 100 Metres Accommodation Footpath mix Vehicle track Ce aes 100 Metres For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Writing WRITING TASK 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words. 31 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 1 For IELTS help http://letfl.com PART 1 The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics. EXAMPLE Games e What games are popular in your country? [Why?] e Do you play any games? [Why/Why not?] * How do people learn to play games in your country? e Do you think it’s important for people to play games? [Why/Why not?] PART 2 Describe an open-air or street You will have to talk about the topic market which you enjoyed visiting. for one to two minutes. You have one minute to think about You should say: what you are going to say. where the market is You can make some notes to help what the market sells you if you wish. how big the market is and explain why you enjoyed visiting this market. PART 3 Discussion topics: Shopping at markets Example questions: Do people in your country enjoy going to open-air markets that sell things like food or clothes or old objects? Which type of market is more popular? Why? Do you think markets are more suitable places for selling certain types of things? Which ones? Why do you think this is? Do you think young people feel the same about shopping at markets as older people? Why is that? Shopping in general Example questions: What do you think are the advantages of buying things from shops rather than markets? How does advertising influence what people choose to buy? Is this true for everyone? Do you think that any recent changes in the way people live have affected general shopping habits? Why is this? 32 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 2 LISTENING SECTION 1 Questions 1-10 Complete the form below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Accommodation Form - Student Information Example Type of accommodation: of residence Date of birth: Country of origin: es Ce Interests: badminton 33 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  Test 2 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Priorities in choice of hall: to be with other students who are to live outside the 9 oo. to have a 10 ow. area for socialising Contact phone number: 667549 34 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Listening SECTION 2 Questions 11—20 Questions 11-13 Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Parks and open spaces Name of place Of particular interest Open Halland Common source of River Ouse 24 hours Holt Island many different Tienaa Longfield Country Park reconstruction of a daylight hours 2,000-year-old activities for children Questions 14-16 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. Longfield Park 14 As part of Monday’s activity, visitors will A prepare food with herbs. B meet a well-known herbalist. C dye cloth with herbs. 15 For the activity on Wednesday, A only group bookings are accepted. B — visitors should book in advance. C attendance is free. 16 For the activity on Saturday, visitors should A come in suitable clothing. B make sure they are able to stay for the whole day. C tell the rangers before the event what they wish to do. 35 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 2 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Questions 17-20 Label the map below. Write the correct letter, A-I, next to questions 17—20. Hinchingbrooke Park NORTH WEST EAST Refreshments SOUTH 17 birdhide = 18 dog-walking area se 19 flowergarden es 20 wooded areQ cece 36 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Listening SECTION 3 Questions 21-30 Questions 21—24 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. Self-Access Centre 21 Students want to keep the Self-Access Centre because A they enjoy the variety of equipment. B they like being able to work on their own. C itis an important part of their studies. 22 Some teachers would prefer to A close the Self-Access Centre. B move the Self-Access Centre elsewhere. C restrict access to the Self-Access Centre. 23 The students’ main concern about using the library would be A the size of the library. B difficulty in getting help. C the lack of materials. 24 The Director of Studies is concerned about A the cost of upgrading the centre. B the lack of space in the centre. C the difficulty in supervising the centre. 3/ For IELTS help http://letfl.com  Test 2 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Questions 25-30 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Necessary improvements to the existing Self-Access Centre Equipment Replace computers to create more space. Resources The level of the 25 a. materials, in particular, should be more clearly shown. Update the 26 oo. collection. BUY SOME 27 oe and divide them up. Use of the room Speak to the teachers and organise a 28 a. for supervising the centre. Install an 29 oo. Restrict personal use of 30 oo. on computers. 38 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Listening SECTION 4 Questions 31—40 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Business Cultures Power culture Characteristics of organisation power source few rules and procedures communication by 32 Advantage: can act quickly Disadvantage: might not act 33 Suitable employee: not afraid of 34 doesn’t need job security Role culture Characteristics of organisation: large, many 35 specialised departments rules and procedure, e.g. job and rules for discipline 39 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  Test 2 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Advantages: economies of scale successful when 37 ability is important Disadvantages: slow to see when 38 needed slow to react Suitable employee: values security doesn’t want 39 Task culture Characteristics of organisation: project orientated in competitive market or making product with short life a lot of delegation Advantage: Disadvantages: no economies of scale or special expertise Suitable employee: likes to work in groups 40 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. A Hearing impairment or other auditory function deficit in young children can have a major impact on their development of speech and communication, resulting in a detrimental effect on their ability to learn at school. This is likely to have major consequences for the individual and the population as a whole. The New Zealand Ministry of Health has found from research carried out over two decades that 6—10% of children in that country are affected by hearing loss. A preliminary study in New Zealand has shown that classroom noise presents a major concern for teachers and pupils. Modern teaching practices, the organisation of desks in the classroom, poor classroom acoustics, and mechanical means of ventilation such as air-conditioning units all contribute to the number of children unable to comprehend the teacher's voice. Education researchers Nelson and Soli have also suggested that recent trends in learning often involve collaborative interaction of multiple minds and tools as much as individual possession of information. This all amounts to heightened activity and noise levels, which have the potential to be particularly serious for children experiencing auditory function deficit. Noise in classrooms can only exacerbate their difficulty in comprehending and processing verbal communication with other children and instructions from the teacher. Children with auditory function deficit are potentially failing to learn to their maximum potential because of noise levels generated in classrooms. The effects of noise on the ability of children to learn effectively in typical classroom environments are now the subject of increasing concern. The International Institute of Noise Control Engineering (I-INCE), on the advice of the World Health Organization, has established an international working party, which includes New Zealand, to evaluate noise and reverberation control for school rooms. While the detrimental effects of noise in classroom situations are not limited to children experiencing disability, those with a disability that affects their processing of speech and verbal communication could be extremely vulnerable. The auditory function deficits in question include hearing impairment, autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit disorders (ADD/ADHD). Autism is considered a neurological and genetic life-long disorder that causes discrepancies in the way information is processed. This disorder is characterised by interlinking problems with social imagination, social communication and social interaction. According to Janzen, this affects the ability to understand and relate in typical ways to people, understand events and objects in the environment, and understand or respond to sensory stimuli. Autism does not allow learning or thinking in the same ways as in children who are developing normally. 41 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 2 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Autistic spectrum disorders often result in major difficulties in comprehending verbal information and speech processing. Those experiencing these disorders often find sounds such as crowd noise and the noise generated by machinery painful and distressing. This is difficult to scientifically quantify as such extra-sensory stimuli vary greatly from one autistic individual to another. But a child who finds any type of noise in their classroom or learning space intrusive is likely to be adversely affected in their ability to process information. F The attention deficit disorders are indicative of neurological and genetic disorders and are characterised by difficulties with sustaining attention, effort and persistence, organisation skills and disinhibition. Children experiencing these disorders find it difficult to screen out unimportant information, and focus on everything in the environment rather than attending to a single activity. Background noise in the classroom becomes a major distraction, which can affect their ability to concentrate. G Children experiencing an auditory function deficit can often find speech and communication very difficult to isolate and process when set against high levels of background noise. These levels come from outside activities that penetrate the classroom structure, from teaching activities, and other noise generated inside, which can be exacerbated by room reverberation. Strategies are needed to obtain the optimum classroom construction and perhaps a change in classroom culture and methods of teaching. In particular, the effects of noisy classrooms and activities on those experiencing disabilities in the form of auditory function deficit need thorough investigation. It is probable that many undiagnosed children exist in the education system with ‘invisible’ disabilities. Their needs are less likely to be met than those of children with known disabilities. H The New Zealand Government has developed a New Zealand Disability Strategy and has embarked on a wide-ranging consultation process. The strategy recognises that people experiencing disability face significant barriers in achieving a full quality of life in areas such as attitude, education, employment and access to services. Objective 3 of the New Zealand Disability Strategy is to ‘Provide the Best Education for Disabled People’ by improving education so that all children, youth learners and adult learners will have equal opportunities to learn and develop within their already existing local school. For a successful education, the learning environment is vitally significant, so any effort to improve this is likely to be of great benefit to all children, but especially to those with auditory function disabilities. | Anumber of countries are already in the process of formulating their own standards for the control and reduction of classroom noise. New Zealand will probably follow their example. The literature to date on noise in school rooms appears to focus on the effects on schoolchildren in general, their teachers and the hearing impaired. Only limited attention appears to have been given to those students experiencing the other disabilities involving auditory function deficit. It is imperative that the needs of these children are taken into account in the setting of appropriate international standards to be promulgated in future. 42 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading Questions 1-6 Reading Passage 1 has nine sections, A-I. Which section contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A—I, in boxes 1—6 on your answer sheet. 1 an account of a national policy initiative 2 a description of a global team effort 3 a hypothesis as to one reason behind the growth in classroom noise 4 a demand for suitable worldwide regulations 5 a list of medical conditions which place some children more at risk from noise than others 6 the estimated proportion of children in New Zealand with auditory problems Questions 7—10 Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 7—10 on your answer sheet. 7 For what period of time has hearing loss in schoolchildren been studied in New Zealand? In addition to machinery noise, what other type of noise can upset children with autism? What term is used to describe the hearing problems of schoolchildren which have not been diagnosed? 10 What part of the New Zealand Disability Strategy aims to give schoolchildren equal opportunity? 43 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 2 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Questions 11 and 12 Choose TWO letters, A-F. Write the correct letters in boxes 11 and 12 on your answer sheet. The list below includes factors contributing to classroom noise. Which TWO are mentioned by the writer of the passage? current teaching methods echoing corridors cooling systems large class sizes loud-voiced teachers OC DY TM. QW playground games Question 13 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in box 13 on your answer sheet. What is the writer’s overall purpose in writing this article? to compare different methods of dealing with auditory problems to provide solutions for overly noisy learning environments to increase awareness of the situation of children with auditory problems >} 0NWto promote New Zealand as a model for other countries to follow 44 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14—26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. Venus in transit June 2004 saw the first passage, known as a ‘transit’, of the planet Venus across the face of the Sun in 122 years. Transits have helped shape our view of the whole Universe, as Heather Cooper and Nigel Henbest explain A = _On8 June 2004, more than half the population of the world were treated to a rare astronomical event. For over six hours, the planet Venus steadily inched its way over the surface of the Sun. This ‘transit’ of Venus was the first since 6 December 1882. On that occasion, the American astronomer Professor Simon Newcomb led a party to South Africa to observe the event. They were based at a girls’ school, where - it is alleged — the combined forces of three schoolmistresses outperformed the professionals with the accuracy of their observations. B For centuries, transits of Venus have drawn explorers and astronomers alike to the four corners of the globe. And you can put it all down to the extraordinary polymath Edmond Halley. In November 1677, Halley observed a transit of the innermost planet, Mercury, from the desolate island of St Helena in the South Pacific. He realised that, from different latitudes, the passage of the planet across the Sun’s disc would appear to differ. By timing the transit from two widely-separated locations, teams of astronomers could calculate the parallax angle - the apparent difference in position of an astronomical body due to a difference in the observer's position. Calculating this angle would allow astronomers to measure what was then the ultimate goal: the distance of the Earth from the Sun. This distance is known as the ‘astronomical unit’ or AU. C Halley was aware that the AU was one of the most fundamental of all astronomical measurements. Johannes Kepler, in the early 17" century, had shown that the distances of the planets from the Sun governed their orbital speeds, which were easily measurable. But no-one had found a way to calculate accurate distances to the planets from the Earth. The goal was to measure the AU; then, knowing the orbital speeds of all the other planets round the Sun, the scale of the Solar System would fall into place. However, Halley realised that Mercury was so far away that its parallax angle would be very difficult to determine. As Venus was closer to the Earth, its parallax angle would be larger, and Halley worked out that by using Venus it would be possible to measure the 45 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 2 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Sun's distance to 1 part in 500. But there was a problem: transits of Venus, unlike those of Mercury, are rare, occurring in pairs roughly eight years apart every hundred or so years. Nevertheless, he accurately predicted that Venus would cross the face of the Sun in both 1761 and 1769 - though he didn’t survive to see either. Inspired by Halley's suggestion of a way to pin down the scale of the Solar System, teams of British and French astronomers set out on expeditions to places as diverse as India and Siberia. But things weren't helped by Britain and France being at war. The person who deserves most sympathy is the French astronomer Guillaume Le Gentil. He was thwarted by the fact that the British were besieging his observation site at Pondicherry in India. Fleeing on a French warship crossing the Indian Ocean, Le Gentil saw a wonderful transit — but the ship’s pitching and rolling ruled out any attempt at making accurate observations. Undaunted, he remained south of the equator, keeping himself busy by studying the islands of Mauritius and Madagascar before setting off to observe the next transit in the Philippines. Ironically after travelling nearly 50,000 kilometres, his view was clouded out at the last moment, a very dispiriting experience. While the early transit timings were as precise as instruments would allow, the measurements were dogged by the ‘black drop’ effect. When Venus begins to cross the Sun's disc, it looks smeared not circular - which makes it difficult to establish timings. This is due to diffraction of light. The second problem is that Venus exhibits a halo of light when it is seen just outside the Sun’s disc. While this showed astronomers that Venus was surrounded by a thick layer of gases refracting sunlight around it, both effects made it impossible to obtain accurate timings. But astronomers laboured hard to analyse the results of these expeditions to observe Venus transits. Johann Franz Encke, Director of the Berlin Observatory, finally determined a value for the AU based on all these parallax measurements: 153,340,000 km. Reasonably accurate for the time, that is quite close to today’s value of 149,597,870 km, determined by radar, which has now superseded transits and all other methods in accuracy. The AU is a cosmic measuring rod, and the basis of how we scale the Universe today. The parallax principle can be extended to measure the distances to the stars. If we look at a star in January — when Earth is at one point in its orbit — it will seem to be in a different position from where it appears six months later. Knowing the width of Earth’s orbit, the parallax shift lets astronomers calculate the distance. June 2004's transit of Venus was thus more of an astronomical spectacle than a scientifically important event. But such transits have paved the way for what might prove to be one of the most vital breakthroughs in the cosmos — detecting Earth-sized planets orbiting other stars. 46 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading Questions 14-17 Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet. 14 examples of different ways in which the parallax principle has been applied 15 a description of an event which prevented a transit observation 16 a statement about potential future discoveries leading on from transit observations 17 a description of physical states connected with Venus which early astronomical instruments failed to overcome Questions 18-21 Look at the following statements (Questions 18-21) and the list of people below. Match each statement with the correct person, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 18-21 on your answer sheet. 18 He calculated the distance of the Sun from the Earth based on observations of Venus with a fair degree of accuracy. 19 He understood that the distance of the Sun from the Earth could be worked out by comparing observations of a transit. 20 He realised that the time taken by a planet to go round the Sun depends on its distance from the Sun. 21 He witnessed a Venus transit but was unable to make any calculations. List of People Edmond Halley Johannes Kepler Guillaume Le Gentil Johann Franz Encke 47 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 2 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Questions 22—26 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 22—26 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 22 Halley observed one transit of the planet Venus. 23 Le Gentil managed to observe a second Venus transit. 24 The shape of Venus appears distorted when it starts to pass in front of the Sun. 25 Early astronomers suspected that the atmosphere on Venus was toxic. 26 The parallax principle allows astronomers to work out how far away distant stars are from the Earth. 48 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27—40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. A neuroscientist reveals how to think differently In the last decade a revolution has occurred in the way that scientists think about the brain. We now know that the decisions humans make can be traced to the firing patterns of neurons in specific parts of the brain. These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain’s secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors. A brain that can do this is an iconoclastic one. Briefly, an iconoclast is a person who does something that others say can’t be done. This definition implies that iconoclasts are different from other people, but more precisely, it is their brains that are different in three distinct ways: perception, fear response, and social intelligence. Each of these three functions utilizes a different circuit in the brain. Naysayers might suggest that the brain is irrelevant, that thinking in an original, even revolutionary, way is more a matter of personality than brain function. But the field of neuroeconomics was born out ofthe realization that the physical workings of the brain place limitations on the way we make decisions. By understanding these constraints, we begin to understand why some people march to a different drumbeat. The first thing to realize is that the brain suffers from limited resources. It has a fixed energy budget, about the same as a 40 watt light bulb, so it has evolved to work as efficiently as possible. This is where most people are impeded from being an iconoclast. For example, when confronted with information streaming from the eyes, the brain will interpret this information in the quickest way possible. Thus it will draw on both past experience and any other source of information, such as what other people say, to make sense of what it is seeing. This happens all the time. The brain takes shortcuts that work so well we are hardly ever aware of them. We think our perceptions of the world are real, but they are only biological and electrical rumblings. Perception is not simply a product of what your eyes or ears transmit to your brain. More than the physical reality of photons or sound waves, perception is a product ofthe brain. Perception is central to iconoclasm. Iconoclasts see things differently to other people. Their brains do not fall into efficiency pitfalls as much as the average person's brain. Iconoclasts, either because they were born that way or through learning, have found ways to work around the perceptual shortcuts that plague most people. Perception is not something that is hardwired 49 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 2 For IELTS help http://letfl.com into the brain. It is a learned process, which is both a curse and an opportunity for change. The brain faces the fundamental problem of interpreting physical stimuli from the senses. Everything the brain sees, hears, or touches has multiple interpretations. The one that is ultimately chosen is simply the brain's best theory. In technical terms, these conjectures have their basis in the statistical likelihood of one interpretation over another and are heavily influenced by past experience and, importantly for potential iconoclasts, what other people say. The best way to see things differently to other people is to bombard the brain with things it has never encountered before. Novelty releases the perceptual process from the chains of past experience and forces the brain to make new judgments. Successful iconoclasts have an extraordinary willingness to be exposed to what is fresh and different. Observation of iconoclasts shows that they embrace novelty while most people avoid things that are different. The problem with novelty, however, is that it tends to trigger the brain's fear system. Fear is amajor impediment to thinking like an iconoclast and stops the average person in his tracks. There are many types of fear, but the two that inhibit iconoclastic thinking and people generally find difficult to deal with are fear of uncertainty and fear of public ridicule. These may seem like trivial phobias. But fear of public speaking, which everyone must do from time to time, afflicts one-third of the population. This makes it too common to be considered a mental disorder. It is simply a common variant of human nature, one which iconoclasts do not let inhibit their reactions. Finally, to be successful iconoclasts, individuals must sell their ideas to other people. This is where social intelligence comes in. Social intelligence is the ability to understand and manage people in a business setting. In the last decade there has been an explosion of knowledge about the social brain and how the brain works when groups coordinate decision making. Neuroscience has revealed which brain circuits are responsible for functions like understanding what other people think, empathy, fairness, and social identity. These brain regions play key roles in whether people convince others oftheir ideas. Perception is important in social cognition too. The perception of someone's enthusiasm, or reputation, can make or break a deal. Understanding how perception becomes intertwined with social decision making shows why successful iconoclasts are so rare. Iconoclasts create new opportunities in every area from artistic expression to technology to business. They supply creativity and innovation not easily accomplished by committees. Rules aren't important to them. Iconoclasts face alienation and failure, but can also be a major asset to any organization. It is crucial for success in any field to understand how the iconoclastic mind works. 50 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading Questions 27-31 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 27—31 on your answer sheet. 27 Neuroeconomics is a field of study which seeks to A cause a change in how scientists understand brain chemistry. B understand how good decisions are made in the brain. C — understand how the brain is linked to achievement in competitive fields. D trace the specific firing patterns of neurons in different areas of the brain. 28 According to the writer, iconoclasts are distinctive because A they create unusual brain circuits. B their brains function differently. C their personalities are distinctive. D they make decisions easily. 29 According to the writer, the brain works efficiently because A __ it uses the eyes quickly. Bit interprets data logically. C it generates its own energy. D itrelies on previous events. 30 The writer says that perception is A a combination of photons and sound waves. B areliable product of what your senses transmit. C a result of brain processes. D a process we are usually conscious of. 31 According to the writer, an iconoclastic thinker A centralises perceptual thinking in one part of the brain. B avoids cognitive traps. C has a brain that is hardwired for learning. D has more opportunities than the average person. 51 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  Test 2 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Questions 32—37 Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 32-37 on your answer sheet, write YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 32 Exposure to different events forces the brain to think differently. 33 Iconoclasts are unusually receptive to new experiences. 34 Most people are too shy to try different things. 35 If you think in an iconoclastic way, you can easily overcome fear. 36 When concern about embarrassment matters less, other fears become irrelevant. 37 Fear of public speaking is a psychological illness. Questions 38—40 Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A—E, below. Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet. 38 Thinking like a successful iconoclast is demanding because it 39 The concept of the social brain is useful to iconoclasts because it 40 Iconoclasts are generally an asset because their way of thinking requires both perceptual and social intelligence skills. focuses on how groups decide on an action. works in many fields, both artistic and scientific. leaves one open to criticism and rejection. involves understanding how organisations manage people. 52 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Writing WRITING WRITING TASK 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in the UK, divided into three categories, from 1995-2002. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. UK telephone calls, by category, 1995-2002 Call type: =] Local — fixed line | | National and international — fixed line W Mobiles (all calls) aa aaa ~N© Qı© Minutes (billions) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 53 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 2 For IELTS help http://letfl.com WRITING TASK 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighbourhood or teaching sports to younger children). To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words. 54 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Speaking PART 1 The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics. EXAMPLE Giving gifts e When do people give gifts or presents in your country? * Do you ever take a gift when you visit someone in their home? [Why/Why not?] e When did you last receive a gift? [What was it?] e Do you enjoy looking for gifts for people? [Why/Why not?] PART 2 Describe something you did that You will have to talk about the topic was new or exciting. for one to two minutes. You have one minute to think about You should say: what you are going to say. what you did You can make some notes to help where and when you did this you if you wish. who you shared the activity with and explain why this activity was new or exciting for you. PART 3 Discussion topics: Doing new things Example questions: Why do you think some people like doing new things? What problems can people have when they try new activities for the first time? Do you think it's best to do new things on your own or with other people? Why? Learning new things Example questions: What kinds of things do children learn to do when they are very young? How important are these things? Do you think children and adults learn to do new things in the same way? How is their learning style different? Some people say that it is more important to be able to learn new things now than it was in the past. Do you agree or disagree with that? Why? 55 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 3 LISTENING SECTION 1 Questions 1-10 Questions 1-5 Complete the table below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Apartments Facilities Other Information Cost Rose Garden studio flat Example Apartments entertainment programme: Greek dancing... £219 Biue Bay large salt-water = jUSt S ii metres £275 Apartments swimming pool from beach - near shops ' Bes TOR es terrace watersports £490 Apartments g i m The Grand - Greek paintings - overlooking 4 Ls Syne renee PEO PAOR - near a supermarket and a disco 56 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Listening Questions 6—10 Complete the table below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. GREEK ISLAND HOLIDAYS Insurance Benefits Maximum Amount Cancellation Ee een teen ene £600. Additional benefit allows a 7 oon. to Hospital travel to resort Bee ctalee ae ested ieee ooo banenaeoaaeasen departure p RE Personal belongings Up to £3000; £500 for one 9 once Name of Assistant Manager: Ben 10... Direct phone line: 081260 543216 57 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  Test 3 For IELTS help http://letfl.com SECTION 2 Questions 11—20 Questions 11-13 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. Winridge Forest Railway Park 11 Simon’s idea for a theme park came from A his childhood hobby. B his interest in landscape design. C his visit to another park. 12 When they started, the family decided to open the park only when A the weather was expected to be good. B the children weren't at school. C there were fewer farming commitments. 13 Since opening, the park has had A 50,000 visitors. B 1,000,000 visitors. C 1,500,000 visitors. 58 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Listening Questions 14-18 What is currently the main area of work of each of the following people? Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-H, next to questions 14-18. Area of work A advertising B animal care C building D educational links E engine maintenance F food and drink G sales H staffing People 14 Simon (the speaker) sess au rrr eee 16 Saran an 17 Duncan eek 18 Judith > assen Questions 19 and 20 Complete the table below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR NUMBERS for each answer. Feature Size Biggest challenge Target age group Railway 1.2 km Making tunnels Go-Kart arena rencad m? Removing mounds 20 on the track year-olds 59 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  Test 3 For IELTS help http://letfl.com SECTION 3 Questions 21-30 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Study Skills Tutorial — Caroline Benning Dissertation topic: the 214 n Strengths: BO DD ie ei poetsts * computer modelling Weaknesses: e lack of background information BOON at te: skills Sete testa Possible strategy Benefits Problems peer group discussion increases 24 uw. dissertations tend to contain the same YL: nS use the 26 ww. provides structured limited 27 „aiaa. service programme -i consult study skills are a good source of can be too 28 oo. books reference Recommendations: e usea card index * read all notes 29 Next tutorial date: x|| eee eeae ee January 60 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Listening SECTION 4 Questions 31—40 Questions 31 and 32 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. 31 The owners of the underground house A had no experience of living in a rural area. B were interested in environmental issues. C wanted a professional project manager. 32 What does the speaker say about the site of the house? A The land was quite cheap. B Stone was being extracted nearby. C It was in a completely unspoilt area. 61 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 3 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Questions 33—40 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. The Underground House Design Built in the earth, with two floors The south-facing side was constructed of two layers of 33 Photovoltaic tiles were attached A layer of foam was used to improve the 34 Special features To increase the light, the building has many internal mirrors and In future, the house may produce more 36 than it needs Recycled wood was used for the 37 of the house The system for processing domestic 38 is organic Environmental issues e The use of large quantities of 39 in construction was environmentally harmful e But the house will have paid its ‘environmental debt’ within 40 62 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Attitudes to language It is not easy to be systematic and objective about language study. Popular linguistic debate regularly deteriorates into invective and polemic. Language belongs to everyone, so most people feel they have a right to hold an opinion about it. And when opinions differ, emotions can run high. Arguments can start as easily over minor points of usage as over major policies of linguistic education. Language, moreover, is a very public behaviour, so it is easy for different usages to be noted and criticised. No part of society or social behaviour is exempt: linguistic factors influence how we judge personality, intelligence, social status, educational standards, job aptitude, and many other areas of identity and social survival. As a result, it is easy to hurt, and to be hurt, when language use is unfeelingly attacked. In its most general sense, prescriptivism is the view that one variety of language has an inherently higher value than others, and that this ought to be imposed on the whole of the speech community. The view is propounded especially in relation to grammar and vocabulary, and frequently with reference to pronunciation. The variety which is favoured, in this account, is usually a version of the ‘standard’ written language, especially as encountered in literature, or in the formal spoken language which most closely reflects this style. Adherents to this variety are said to speak or write ‘correctly’; deviations from it are said to be ‘incorrect: All the main languages have been studied prescriptively, especially in the 18th century approach to the writing of grammars and dictionaries. The aims of these early grammarians were threefold: (a) they wanted to codify the principles of their languages, to show that there was a system beneath the apparent chaos of usage, (b) they wanted a means of settling disputes over usage, and (c) they wanted to point out what they felt to be common errors, in order to ‘improve’ the language. The authoritarian nature of the approach is best characterised by its reliance on ‘rules’ of grammar. Some usages are ‘prescribed; to be learnt and followed accurately; others are ‘proscribed, to be avoided. In this early period, there were no half-measures: usage was either right or wrong, and it was the task of the grammarian not simply to record alternatives, but to pronounce judgement upon them. These attitudes are still with us, and they motivate a widespread concern that linguistic standards should be maintained. Nevertheless, there is an alternative point of view that is concerned less with standards than with the facts of linguistic usage. This approach is summarised in the statement that it is the task of the grammarian to describe, not prescribe 63 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Test 3 For IELTS help http://letfl.com - to record the facts of linguistic diversity, and not to attempt the impossible tasks of evaluating language variation or halting language change. In the second half of the 18th century, we already find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) insists that ‘the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language’ Linguistic issues, it is argued, cannot be solved by logic and legislation. And this view has become the tenet of the modern linguistic approach to grammatical analysis. In our own time, the opposition between ‘descriptivists’ and ‘prescriptivists’ has often become extreme, with both sides painting unreal pictures of the other. Descriptive grammarians have been presented as people who do not care about standards, because of the way they see all forms of usage as equally valid. Prescriptive grammarians have been presented as blind adherents to a historical tradition. The opposition has even been presented in quasi-political terms - of radical liberalism vs elitist conservatism. 64 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading Questions 1—8 Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1—8 on your answer sheet, write YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this There are understandable reasons why arguments occur about language. People feel more strongly about language education than about small differences in language usage. Our assessment of a person’s intelligence is affected by the way he or she uses language. Prescriptive grammar books cost a lot of money to buy in the 18th century. Prescriptivism still exists today. According to descriptivists it is pointless to try to stop language change. Descriptivism only appeared after the 18th century. A O onBoth descriptivists and prescriptivists have been misrepresented. 65 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  Test 3 For IELTS help http://letfl.com Questions 9-12 Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below. Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 9—12 on your answer sheet. The language debate According to 9... , there is only one correct form of language. Linguists who take this approach to language place great importance on grammatical 10.0.... Conversely, the view of 11 a. , such as Joseph Priestley, is that grammar should be based on 12 0.000000.... A descriptivists B language experts C popular speech D formal language E evaluation F rules G modern linguists H prescriptivists l change Question 13 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in box 13 on your answer sheet. What is the writer’s purpose in Reading Passage 1? A to argue in favour of a particular approach to writing dictionaries and grammar books B to present a historical account of differing views of language C to describe the differences between spoken and written language D to show how a certain view of language has been discredited 66 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. Tidal Power Undersea turbines which produce electricity from the tides are set to become an important source of renewable energy for Britain. lt is still too early to predict the extent of the impact they may have, but all the signs are that they will play a significant role in the future A Operating on the same principle as wind turbines, the power in sea turbines comes from tidal currents which turn blades similar to ships’ propellers, but, unlike wind, the tides are predictable and the power input is constant. The technology raises the prospect of Britain becoming self-sufficient in renewable energy and drastically reducing its carbon dioxide emissions. If tide, wind and wave power are all developed, Britain would be able to close gas, coal and nuclear power plants and export renewable power to other parts of Europe. Unlike wind power, which Britain originally developed and then abandoned for 20 years allowing the Dutch to make it a major industry, undersea turbines could become a big export earner to island nations such as Japan and New Zealand. B Tidal sites have already been identified that will produce one sixth or more of the UK’s power — and at prices competitive with modern gas turbines and undercutting those of the already ailing nuclear industry. One site alone, the Pentland Firth, between Orkney and mainland Scotland, could produce 10% of the country’s electricity with banks of turbines under the sea, and another at Alderney in the Channel Islands three times the 1,200 megawatts of Britain’s largest and newest nuclear plant, Sizewell B, in Suffolk. Other sites identified include the Bristol Channel and the west coast of Scotland, particularly the channel between Campbeltown and Northern Ireland. C Work on designs for the new turbine blades and sites are well advanced at the University of Southampton’s sustainable energy research group. The first station is expected to be installed off Lynmouth in Devon shortly to test the technology in a venture jointly funded by the department of Trade and Industry and the European Union. AbuBakr Baha}, in charge of the Southampton research, said: ‘The prospects for energy from tidal currents are far better than from wind because the flows of water are predictable and constant. The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much 67 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  Test 3 For IELTS help http://letfl.com is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers. There are a few technical difficulties, but | believe in the next five to ten years we will be installing commercial marine turbine farms.’ Southampton has been awarded £215,000 over three years to develop the turbines and is working with Marine Current Turbines, a subsidiary of IT power, on the Lynmouth project. EU research has now identified 106 potential sites for tidal power, 80% round the coasts of Britain. The best sites are between islands or around heavily indented coasts where there are strong tidal currents. A marine turbine blade needs to be only one third of the size of a wind generator to produce three times as much power. The blades will be about 20 metres in diameter, so around 30 metres of water is required. Unlike wind power, there are unlikely to be environmental objections. Fish and other creatures are thought unlikely to be at risk from the relatively slow-turning blades. Each turbine will be mounted on a tower which will connect to the national power supply grid via underwater cables. The towers will stick out of the water and be lit, to warn shipping, and also be designed to be lifted out of the water for maintenance and to clean seaweed from the blades. Dr Bahaj has done most work on the Alderney site, where there are powerful currents. The single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than needed for the Channel Islands and most would be fed into the French Grid and be re-imported into Britain via the cable under the Channel. One technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure behind a turning blade causes air bubbles. These can cause vibration and damage the blades of the turbines. Dr Bahaj said: ‘We have to test a number of blade types to avoid this happening or at least make sure it does not damage the turbines or reduce performance. Another slight concern is submerged debris floating into the blades. So far we do not know how much of a problem it might be. We will have to make the turbines robust because the sea is a hostile environment, but all the signs that we can do it are good.’ 68 For IELTS help http://letfl.com  For IELTS help http://letfl.com Reading Questions 14—17 Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14—17 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 14 the location of the first test site 15 away of bringing the power produced on one site back into Britain 16 areference to a previous attempt by Britain to find an alternative source of energy 147 mention of the possibility of applying technology from another industry Questions 18-22 Choose FIVE letters, A-J. Write the correct letters in boxes 18-22 on your answer