Mindset for IELTS Level 2 PDF

WITH Test ank AND ONLINE MODULES An Official Cambridge IELTS Course Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org/elt Cambridge English Language Assessment www.cambridgeenglish.org This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensi...

WITH Test ank AND ONLINE MODULES An Official Cambridge IELTS Course Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org/elt Cambridge English Language Assessment www.cambridgeenglish.org This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University's mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781316640159 © Cambridge University Press and UCLES 2017 First published 2017 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in Dubai by Oriental Press A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Additional resources for this publication at www.cambridge.org/mindset Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables, and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter. CONTENTS UNIT 01: THE MAN-MADE ENVIRONMENT Reading P8 Writing P14 Listening P21 Speaking P24 UNIT 02: LEISURE AND EDUCATION Reading P28 Writing P34 Listening P39 Speaking P42 UNIT 03: THE NEWS AND MEDIA Reading P48 Writing P53 Listening PSS Speaking P63 UNIT 04: TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT Reading P68 Writing P74 Listening P79 Speaking P82 UNIT OS: BUSINESS AND WORK Reading P87 Writing P93 Listening P98 Speaking PlOl UNIT 06: THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Reading P106 Writing P112 Listening PllS Speaking P122 UNIT 07: EDUCATION SYSTEMS Reading P128 Writing P135 Listening P138 Speaking P143 UNIT 08: FESTIVALS AND TRADITIONS Reading P148 Writing P154 Listening P158 Speaking P163 Answer Key P168 Listening Scripts Pl82 MEET THE AUTHORS With a thorough understanding of the essential skills required to succeed in the IELTS test, let our team of experts guide you on your IELTS journey. Greg Archer Lucy Passmore Greg Archer is an experienced, DELTA-qualified Lucy began teaching English in 2002 in the UK teacher and teacher trainer who began teaching and Spain, where she prepared young learners IELTS at International House in London, where for Cambridge English exams. She has been a he trained and qualified as an /EL TS Examiner in tutor of English for Academic Purposes since both Writing and Speaking. After moving to 2008, and has taught on /EL TS preparation Cambridge in 2013, he has been working courses in addition to preparing international at an international college, at various times students to start degree courses at Brunel managing the English Language department, University and King's College London. Lucy is developing appropriate courses to run alongside currently based at King's College London, where A Level and GCSE study, and primarily teaching she teaches on foundation programmes for IELTS and English for Academic Purposes classes international students, provides in-sessional to students whose ambition is to enter a UK or support in academic writing for current students English-speaking university. and contributes to materials and course design. The Mindset for IELTS authors have extensive experience teaching in the UK and globally. They have helped prepare students for the IELTS test from all over the world, including: China, UK, Pakistan, Middle East, Hong Kong, Korea, Italy, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Kazakhstan, Greece, Russia, Spain Peter Crosthwaite Susan Hutchison Peter has worked in the TESOL and applied Susan Hutchison has been an ESOL teacher linguistics fields for 13 years. His previous and examiner for more than 30 years. experience includes writing and consultancy She has taught overseas in Italy, Hungary work with various publishers, two sessions as and Russia. She now lives and works in Director of Studies for language schools in the Edinburgh, Scotland as an ESOL teacher in UK, over six years' experience in the Korean an independent school for girls. She has EFL context, and teaching and supervision co-authored a number of course books, experience at the University of Cambridge. He preparation and practice materials for both is currently an Assistant Professor at the Cambridge English Language Assessment Centre for Applied English Studies (CAES), and IELTS. She has also developed online University of Hong Kong, where he is the and interactive IELTS practice materials for coordinator of the MA Applied Linguistics the British Council. (MAAL) and the MA TESOL. He is currently co-teaching the 'Second Language Acquisition' module for both programs. He has worked on IELTStest preparation, Marc Loewenthal publishing and materials development for Marc has been teaching for 35 years, mostly over 10 years, with 4 years of experience as in the UK but also abroad in Greece, Russia, a qualified IELTS Examiner. Middle East, Indonesia and Pakistan. He has taught in the public sector since 1990, mostly in further education and adult Natasha De Souza education, and more recently on pre­ Natasha has been involved in the ELT industry sessional EAP university courses. He has for 15 years - as a teacher, Director of Studies, been a Speaking and Writing Examiner for Examiner and an Examinations Officer. over 25 years and has expert knowledge of She started teaching IELTS in 2006, when IELTS requirements for university admission. she worked on a University Pathway and Foundation Programme for a language school in Cambridge. More recently, as a Director of Claire Wijayatilake Studies and an Examinations Officer, she was Claire has been teaching English since 1988. responsible for giving guidance to students She spent much of her career in Sri Lanka, and teachers on how the IELTStest works and including 16 years at British Council, how best to prepare for it. Colombo. She became an IELTS Examiner in 1990 and examined regularly in Colombo Jishan Uddin and Male, Maldives for almost 20 years. She Jishan has been an EFL teacher since 2001. worked as the /ELTS Examiner Trainer for Sri He has taught on a range of courses in the UK Lanka, recruiting, training and monitoring and Spain, including general English, exam examiners. She then moved into training and preparation and English for Academic school leadership, serving as Teacher Trainer Purposes (EAP) courses and is currently an and Principal at various international EAP lecturer and academic module leader schools. She returned to the UK in 2013 and at King's College, London. He has extensive worked for Middlesex University, where she experience teaching IELTS preparation started her materials writing career. She is classes to students from around the world, currently a Visiting Lecturer at Westminster particularly China, the Middle East and University, which allows her time to write. Kazakhstan. He also has experience in She has·a PhD in Applied Linguistics and designing resources for language skills English Language Teaching from the development as well as exam preparation University of Warwick. and administration.  HOW DOES MINDSET FOR IELTS WORK? AVAILABLE AT FOUR LEVELS fQUNDATION LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVIL 3 lEVEl larget Band 5.S Tarrget Band 6.5 Target Barnd 1.5 CORE MATERIAL ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Student's Book (print and digital). Customised online modules for specific Ll groups that focus on Online skills modules for Reading, areas where help is most needed, informed by the Cambridge Writing, Listening, Speaking English Learner Corpus. plus Grammar and Vocabulary. Academic Study Skills online module that prepares students for the challenges of studying a university-level course taught in English. TAILORED TO SUIT YOUR NEEDS Mindset for IELTS gives teachers the ultimate flexibility to tailor courses to suit their context and the needs of their students. GIVES TEACHERS CHOICE Course design means teachers can focus on either_the skills or the topics that their students need the most help with. CUSTOMISATION Online modules can be used in the classroom as extension work or as extra practice at home, allowing the teacher to customise the length and focus of the course. Additiona\ on\\ne modu\es designed for specific L1 learners can be incorporated into the course. COURSE CONFIGURATIONS The Mindset for IELTS course comprises 5 key components: Student's Book @I!D SKILLS MODULES 8 hours of practice per skill, including (print and digital) Reading, Writing, Listening, Speaking L] CORE TOPICS 8 topic-based units, organised & SKILLS plus Grammar and Vocabulary. by skill, provide 60-90 hours of teaching per level (levels 1, 2 RECEPTIVE and3) SKILLS Focus on Different topic sub-skill 8 hours of practice per skill, per level: ONLINE SKILLS Speaking PRODUCTIVE PRINT !oNUNE MODULES Writing SKILLS ;r w n.t.mg Same Focus on active Speaking topic Reading production Listening Grammar and Vocabulary LANGUAGE SPECIFIC 6 hours of practice to get MODULES 1::ji ACADEMIC STUDY SKILLS ready for the challenges of studying a university-level Extra practice for areas that nee the most work, informed by the Cambridge course taught in English Learner Corpus.* 6 hours of practice per Spelling and Vocabulary module: Writing Pronunciation and Speaking for Chinese speakers LANGUAGE Spelling and Writing for Pronunciation and Speaking SPECIFIC AND Chinese speakers Spelling and Writing PLUS MODULES Spelling and Vocabulary for Arabic speakers Plus modules focus on common areas of Writing for Arabic speakers weakness and are suitable for all first. languages. Speaking Plus Writing Plus 0 Speaking ONLINE Access to Cambridge English 11 Writing PRACTICE TESTS authentic IELTS Academic Test onk practice tests online *Currently the same module is used for Level 1 and Level 2.  IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL LEARN HOW TO skim a text quickly to understand the general idea scan a text for specific information to answ,r short-answer questions use skimming and scanning to locate the answer quickly understand and produce paraphrasing use the present continuous and present simple correctly. I LEAD-IN I 0 1 A common topic in the exam is 'home'. Put these words under the correct heading in the table. apartn,e!'lt beach bungalow castle ceiling cellar remote island city centre countryside dining room floor garage stone glamorous leather mountains mansion marble modern simple skyscraper spacious staircase traditional wood window gym Location Building type Style Rooms Parts of a room Materials apartment l [o 2 In pairs, use the vocabulary from exercise 1 to help you describe your dream home. My dream house would be on the beach near the sea. It would be a simple bungalow with wooden floors. It would have a large dining room... I SKIMMING AND SCANNING I Skimming and scanning are important reading techniques which are very useful in IELTS. As time is limited in the exam, skimming and scanning help you to find the answers you need quickly. You skim a text quickly to understand the general idea. You scan a text quickly in order to find specific information. o3 For each activity, decide whether you would use skimming or scanning. l looking up a word in the dictionary s;:canning Try to practise these or similar 2 browsing the internet for the latest news stories activities as much as possible. 3 choosing a book from a library or bookshop The more you practise, the 4 finding a particular news story in a newspaper better you will become at 5 finding the price of a product in a catalogue each technique. 6 looking through a magazine for an interesting article The home in the photo cost about one billion dollars to build. What do you like or dislike about the design? You are only reading for the main ideas at this stage, so remember to ignore Skim the text to understand the main ideas. unknown words. · 0 ;·; · i· ;;;; ; ; ; ::·r ; ·d;; ; :·d · in the world, and the first man to own a entertain guests. It has a theatre which seats private residence costing more than one 50, several guest bedrooms and a grand billion dollars to build. The home is on ballroom filled with chandeliers. Altamout Road in Mumbai, one of the most expensive addresses in the world. Named after the mythical island Antilia, 0 · ;· ·r :·r:·;; · ·; · r· :: ,. :1 : because the family wanted as much the property has 27 floors. sunlight as possible. The f ;;: ;; ·i · ;; · · · · · · · · · · h ·i·;;;;i./and 400,000 ft2 residence requires 0 ·glamorous each floor is made from 600 staff, but all three Ambani children are required to clean different materials to give an individual their own rooms when they look. Marble floors, rare wood and fine are at home. rugs are just some of the design features................................. used to create this extravagant home. Several experts have criticised The lotus flower and the sun are common the architecture of this very symbols used throughout. Many of the expensive home, comparing it rooms have floor-to-ceiling glass to an 'unstable pile of windows, offering spectacular views of books'. Mrs Ambani, Mumbai and the Arabian Sea. however, describes (t ·; ; ·;;;;;:·r· ;:·; · · t :;; ;; · ;; her home as 'an elevated house on with space for 168 cars. Alternatively, top of a garden' and there are also three helipads on the roof 'a modern home with of the building. The lobby has numerous an Indian heart'. reception areas and nine lifts. There are also several floors for dining, vast libraries and a health spa, including a gym, several swimming pools and yoga facilities. There is even an 'ice-room' which creates man-made snow, a Hindu prayer room and several floors of gardens.  Answer these questions. 1 When you were skim reading the text, which of these types of word did you focus on: prepositions, articles, names, verbs, adjectives, numbers? 2 Discuss with a partner what you remember about the text. 3 What overall title would you give the text? 4 Put the information in the order in which it appears in the passage. a where the family live O b opinions on the house O c the materials used for the interior O d the cost and address of the house O e the facilities in the house O f the owner of the house O g information about the theatre and ballroom O @II1. Now scan the text for the information to answer these questions. 1 Who owns the property? In many of the IELTS 2 How many floors does it have? reading tasks, the 3 What are the floors made out of? answers appear in the same order as the text. 4 What are the common symbols used throughout the house? 5 How many cars does the garage have space for? 6 How many people are required to work in the home? I PARAPHRASING I @ 'Paraphrasing' is another important technique to These statements paraphrase each of the paragraphs in the text. understand and use in the Match each statement, 1-6, with the correct paragraph, A-F. exam. Paraphrasing is when you repeat something 1 The house has many desirable facilities and outside spaces. Guests can using different words, often either drive or fly to the home. D in a simpler and shorter 2 The family live on the top floor because they want exposure to sunlight. D form that makes the original meaning dearer. 3 Mrs Ambani and the architecture experts have different opinions about the house. D 4 Antilia is situated in Mumbai and owned by Mukesh Ambani. D 5 The appearance inside the house is very extravagant and expensive materials have been used. The house also has magnificent views of the city. O 6 The home is fully equipped to make visitors feel welcome. O The key to paraphrasing is understanding synonyms and words or phrases with lfil_g a similar meaning. Match these words and expressions. 1 desirable facilities a guests 2 outside spaces b Mumbai 3 inside c expensive 4 extravagant d rare wood and fine rugs 5 city e health spa and libraries 6 visitors f gardens 7 equipped to make visitors feel welcome g interior 8 expensive materials h designed to entertain guests  SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS] @ Questions which require an answer of just a few words, like those in exercise 7, are a common feature of the exam. These are known as short-answer questions and they ask about answer questions come in factual details. the same order as they appear in the text. [!l2D Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. 1 How many lifts does the home have? 2 What can you find in the ice-room? 3 What do the Ambani children have to do when at home? your sentences are grammatically correct when you have chosen an answer. COMPLETING SENTENCES] Complete the sentences. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. @ A similar type of task, which also requires an answer of only a few 1 The name Antilia comes from a·________ words, is the 'sentence completion task'. The sentences 2 There are many facilities to accommodate a large paraphrase words and ideas from number of ------ - the text. 3 Opinions on the of the house vary. I GRAMMAR FOCUS: PRESENT SIMPLE/PRESENT CONTINUOUS I A 'mindmap' is a type of diagram with lines and circles for organising information so that it is easier to remember. Put these words and phrases with the appropriate tense in the mindmap temporar:Y repeated actions general facts opinions an action which is not complete happening at the time of speaking. -- temporary / Using the rules in the mindmap, correct these sentences where necessary. 1 Mukesh Ambani is living in Mumbai. 2 Mrs Ambani is believing that her home has an Indian heart. 3 The family live on the top floor because they want as much exposure to sunlight as possible. 4 When the children are at home, they are cleaning their own rooms. 5 Mrs Ambani entertains her guests in the ballroom at the moment. UNIT 01 / READING Complete the sentences using the word in brackets and the correct form of the present continuous or the present simple. 1 Currently, my mum _ _ _ ___ (work) in the study. 2 I (rent) in the city centre for now. 3 I (think) that buying a new house now would be a very good idea. 4 What is that going to be? They _ _ _ ___ (build) a new accommodation block for students. 5 Every day his mum __________ (clean) the house. EXAM SKILLS] Using the approach below, read the text and answer the questions which follow. Time yourself: try to do this Locating the answer: one approach task as quickly as possible to Read the questions first, so they are in your mind when you read the text. practise locating information Make sure you have understood the question correctly- underlining key words quickly for the exam. could help. Skim read the text for the main ideas. This will help you to have a rough idea of where to locate your answers on a second read-through. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. 1 What job did William Hearst do? 2 Who helped Hearst design the Castle? 3 How much did Hearst spend on art during his lifetime? 4 How many times was the Neptune pool rebuilt before Hearst was happy with it? 5 What were visitors to the Castle required to do every evening? 6 Who owns the mansion now? Complete the sentences. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. 7 As a child, Hearst enjoyed his holidays to ____ _ _ 8 Hearst inherited the land from his______ _ 9 Builders spent_ _____ creating the magnificent Neptune Pool. 10 Hearst took animals from _______ for his private zoo. 11 Although the zoo is now closed, still walk about the hillside. 12 The family donated the property because of _____ _ _  I Hearst loved travelling to Europe when he was a child and we can see this in the overall design of the house. He even included cathedral ceilings and Roman columns in his home. Hearst was also a keen art collector and, during his lifetime, spent $3.5 million on his collection, which is displayed in the rooms at Hearst Castle. Today, his collection is worth much more, with one piece alone valued at $10 million. C One of the highlights of the estate is the Neptune Pool. It took 15 years to build and includes the front of an ancient Roman temple. It is on top of a hill and has wonderful views of the mountains, ocean and main house. The pool was rebuilt three times until he was satisfied. D Although the inside of the house is very European, the outside is very Californian, with palm trees and water. Hearst loved trees and 70,000 were planted on the property during his lifetime. The castle was also home to the world's largest private zoo, holding animals from every continent. Although the zoo is now closed, zebras can still be seen on the hillside. E As well as the Casa Grande (the main house), there are also three guest houses on the property: Caso Del Monte, Caso Del Sol and Caso Del Mor. Hearst entertained a great number of Hollywood stars and political leaders at the castle and many used his private airfield. Guests had to attend formal dinners every evening, but were free to do what they liked during the day. They were invited to stay as long as they wanted, but the A William Randolph Hearst was a successful American longer they stayed, the further away they sat from Hearst at the newspaper publisher who received over 1,000 km 2 dinner table. of land when his mother died in 1919. Initially, he had planned to build just a small bungalow, so he f When Hearst died in 1951, his family learnt how expensive hired Julia Morgan, the first female architect in maintenance would be, and the mansion was donated to the California. Together, however, they designed a State of California. Since then, it has been open for public tours magnificent castle which cost 10 million dollars and and the site attracts millions of tourists every year. However, the took 28 years to build. The property, named Hearst family is still allowed to use it when they wish. The castle La Cuesta Encantado (The Enchanted Mountain), was never completed has 56 bedrooms, 61 bathrooms, 19 sitting rooms and remains and about 52,000 m 2 of garden. unfinished.  IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL LEARN HOW TO select key features of different types of graph, chart and table in order to describe them accurately use suitable verbs, adjectives and adverbs to describe trends in different ways compare different graphs or information in the same graph.ce and write a summary of the main features. I LEAD·IN I @ In Writing Part 1, you could be given graphs/charts or tables to [Qiia Look at these examples of the types of diagram you might encounter in write about, so it is important to the IELTS exam. Then label the diagrams with words from the box. be very familiar with this kind of vocabulary. row line graph bar chart column horizontal axis key title bar pie chart segment table vertical axis line 4 500./ -/ 6 400 ,------= lliiiiii::_=-_-±____ 300 _,_ =I - 20,000 111 0 -- 2 15,000 -t--"' -----\, v, 200 -- 100 -- -- 10,000 ---------..:::::::::::::::;::;;:;:::=::::::;;;;:;:::;:;;:::;.___ - 5,000------------------- -- - - = - Chocolate Vanilla Strawberry Ice-cream sellers 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 arpo Chico.,,._Gro uch o 1 __l_in_e.,,..rg _a..__ph__ Years 3 _____ ----·-·--------1-----, _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 7 ------------ 8 ____________ Favourite type of movie Keyword Visits Avg. Time %New Bounce on Site Visits Rate comedy: 4 (20%) 1 idealist 33,103 00:10:05 19.84% 12.73% 2 idealist.erg 27,105 00:11:07 21.26% 12.26% 3 volunteer 12,908 00:03:35 84.76% 53.31% drama: 1 (5%) 4 volunteer work 6,721 00:02:42 90.55% 59.75% 5 volunteerine:.ore: 5.363 00:03:20 86.41% 61.78% 6 non profit jobs 5,203 00:09:04 47.01% 18.68% action: 5 (25%) www.idealist.org 4,733 00:10:45 15.63% 12.57% 8 volunteering 3,645 00:03:15 87.46% 56.24% 13 9 idealist.com 3,341 00:10:39 31.94% 14.43% 10 11 nonprofit jobs 2,865 00:08:35 - 12 37.38% 15.78% I SELECTING KEY FEATURES I Study these graphs and make notes about their main features - use questions 1-12 to help you. World's most expensive cities (2015) How much can you buy for one million dollars? so-.- - 1 What does the title say the graph is about? 4 -t- -==- ­ 2 What does the vertical axis describe? 0 a, c. 3 What does the horizontal axis describe? 30-1- 4 What do the columns/bars represent? 5 Which is the tallest and shortest bar? e ·;: 20-1----­ 6 How do the bars compare to one another? 10 ·;;.. 0 Monaco Hong Kong London New York Singapore Home ownership rates in selected European countries Cities 120 100 7 What does the title say the graph is about? (I) 80 8 What does the vertical axis describe? a, 60 9 What does the horizontal axis describe? 40 10 What do the highest/lowest points of the line show? 11 What is the general trend of the line? 20 12 Are there any sharp decreases or increases? 0 Romania Italy UK France Germany Switzerland Countries Average house size in selected countries Canada USA 13 What does the title say the graph is about? Australia 14 What do the segments represent? Hong Kong 15 Which is the largest/smallest segment? 16 Are some segments similar in size? Japan Average house size in selected European countries Country Size United Kingdom 76m2 17 What does the title say about the table? France 112 m2 18 How many columns are there? What do they represent? Denmark 137m2 19 Which country has the biggest average house size? Germany 109m2 20 Which country has the smallest average house size? 21 Which countries have a similar average house size? Italy 61m2 Spain 97m2 Greece 126m2 UNIT 01 / WRITING m  I USING ACCURATE DATA I @ It is very important that the information you provide in your The sample answer describes the pie chart and table in exercise 2. answer accurately reflects the Rewrite the sample answer, correcting any errors in data. information given in the text. tion about the average house The pie chart and table provide informa pie chart, the Australians have the _............,___si_ z_e _ wo= rldwide.. According to the 1 ________ being 214 m2 This is perhaps most space with the average house size nd largest houses are in because it is such a large country. The seco2 g 201 m The country with the ___c_a=nada with the average size bein 2 -------- ences being an average smallest houses is Hong Kong, with resid of just 45 m-2. age house size in all.------,.----1- 4 ------- - In comparison, the table illustrates the aver -------- and Italy have the smallest European countries. The United Kingdom largest. The average house houses and Denmark and Greece have the 2 size in Denmark is 137 m hs, it is easily apparent that In conclusion, when comparing the two grap in non- European countries. ____h_ou _ s_ es_ in Europ_e_are much smaller than 5 _ _______ and lialy_ has the smallest. ------ 6 ________ Overall, Australia has the biggest houses country. This is most probably due to the size of each @H:a Did the writer make any other errors, not related to data? If so, what were they? I DESCRIBING TRENDS I ;;;;, 1::: ;ords with the missing letters. Can you think of any more words for g 1 Rise 7 Fall 14 Maintain 2 In 8 Deer 15 Remain 3 Cl 9 16 Stay 4 Go 10 God ,/' -- -. 5 Ro 11 Plu ::"/:·:.,... :,\ 6 12 Plun 13 Answer these questions. 1 Which of the verbs in the boxes are used todescr'1be a sudden increase?. 2 Wh ·ich of the verbs in the boxes are used todescribe a sudden decrease?  When using these verbs, it is important that you also consider the tense used. Look at this example. The number of young people buying property plummet last year. The number of young people buying property plummeted last year. II' Complete the sentences using the verb in brackets in the correct tense. There may be more than one correct form of the verb. 1 Last year house prices _______ (rise) by 5%. 2 Monaco's property market (remain) stable. 3 The line graph illustrates that since 2010 home ownership _______ (decrease). 4 House prices _______ (go up) next year. 5 In Ireland, property prices (rocket) substantially this year. I USEFUL ADVERBS AND ADJECTIVES I Once you know the common verbs used to describe charts and graphs, it is important to add adverbs and adjectives to your sentences in order to demonstrate your range of vocabulary. I USEFUL ADJECTIVES I Adjectives can be used to demonstrate your range of vocabulary. Adjectives describe nouns and usually come before the noun. Note: these verbs are also commonly used as nouns. to rise/ a rise to fall I a fall to decrease/ a decrease to increase/ an increase to drop I a drop to dip/ a dip to decline/ a decline to peak I a peak Complete the table with the adjectives from the box. Make sure you know how to spell slight modest significant dramatic these adjectives correctly as it is stable steady* substantial unchanged* common for students to make errors with these. *These adjectives usually go after the noun. Big change Small change Gradual or no change UNIT 01 WRITING  Complete the sentences using adjectives from the box in exercise 8 and following the prompts in the brackets. More than one answer may be possible. 1 Over the last year, Hong Kong has experienced a _______ (big) rise-in house prices. 2 There has been a _______ (gradual) increase in the number of young people buying houses. 3 The rental market has seen a _______ (small) decrease over the last six months. 4 The graph illustrates that the rental market is (no change) at the moment. I USEFUL ADVERBS I Adverbs describe how something happens and usually follow a verb. @ For example: 1 Last year house prices rose significantly. 2 Last year house prices rose slightly. 3 Last year house prices rose steadily. Match sentences 1-3 with graphs A-C. 6 _ [!] 2-:_.____ [[14 3 4 2 2 1 0 0 2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2014 2015 Complete the table using the adverbs from the box. Make sure you know how to spell these adverbs correctly eonsiderabl consistently sharply gradually moderately as it is common for students to substantially dramatically slowly rapidly make errors with them. Big change Small change Gradual change Quick change significantly slightly steadily quickly considerably I [!gD Complete the sentences using the adverbs from exercise 11 and following the prompts in the brackets. More than one answer may be possible. 1 Home ownership has decreased _______ (big) over the last five years. 2 Property prices have increased (small) over the last six months. 3 The property market is growing (gradual) in this area. 4 Interest rates have increased (quick) recently.  PART 1: DESCRIBING TRENDS ] Look at the trends illustrated by the graphs and charts. Discuss them with a partner using the language you have learnt in this lesson. Average house prices in London 0900,000 800,000 700,000 600,000 -.. ; 500,000 g Q. 400,000 300,000 - 200,000 100,000 0 I I I I I I I I 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Years r:, - House price change in Dubai House price change in Hong Kong - L.:.J ::-+-1---. 02015 - 2014 - 20 '$. 0....i.--,.......,........s;;.....i..--1,,;;.....:..----=--==--.........-. 2013 -.., c: 41 2012 - 41 -20-1- -1-:,1- - c.. 2011 - 2010 - 2009 2008 - 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Percent% Years Match descriptions 1-3 with the graphs and charts A-C, then complete the first gap in each sentence with the correct country name. 1 Since 2008, house prices in _______ have fluctuated heavily. In 2008 prices by just over 40% and then _______ to-40%. 2 Since 2008, house price increases in _______ have _______ under 11% each year. In 2008 prices reached a _______ , with a _______ of just over 10%. 3 Since 2010, house prices in have _______. In 2009, prices , by almost £100,000, but again rapidly in 2010 to approximately £600,000. Complete the sentences in exercise 14 using the words and phrases in the box. decreased substantially increased steadily remained peak rise plummeted dramatically went up fluctuatee went up UNIT 01/ WRITING m  EXAM SKILLS] Use the information and language from this lesson to answer this Writing Part 1 task. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. Do not give your The chart below gives information about how people aged 25-34 are housed in the UK. opinion, just the facts. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting on the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. How people aged 25-34 are housed in the UK an introduction and conclusion in your answer. 50 40....c: Cl> Cl> Q. 30 20 10 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Years Home Owners Renters  FOR SALE Listen to an estate agent describing the three properties in the pictures and write the correct number in each box. ii.: ·or Listen again and note down the words which helped you find the answers. or : ----- LISTENING FOR - - SPECIFIC INFORMATION ------- -- - -- - - Look at these notes and think about the kind of information that you will -= need for each gap, e.g. an address or telephone number. Then listen to e63e the recording and complete the notes with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS In the Listening test, you will be AND/OR A NUMBER. given the context of the listening and you will have some time to look at the questions before you listen. Ad.d..ress of pro 1 _____ Number of bed.rooms 2. ______ Number of Lounges 3 ______ Access to tne 4 tnroug sun-room door K1td1en: ft.AUH-filted,, ind HOW THE Perhaps what some of the older For the moment, social networks are YOUNGER generation fail to understand is that just because the younger generation being used selectively, however. For example, social media is used for GENERATION does not buy a daily newspaper, it doesn't mean that they don't follow the breaking news, but is not relied on in terms of accuracy. For hard news CONSUMES news. Born into a digital age, or more specifically the age of the internet, the topics, such as economics or local crime, youngsters continue to look to THE NEWS younger generation simply accesses news through the digital devices they grew up using: laptops, tablets, original sources. For accuracy and reliability, television is still the preferred choice for both generations. Posted September 07 smartphones, etc. A recent study produced by Ofcom revealed that 60% of youngsters in the UK use the internet IE._A_ c_c _o -rd- in_ g _ t _o A_ l_ i-so_ n_P_r _e -st-on- ,-H- e_ad_ of In recent years, there has been or apps for news, compared to just 21% Media Literacy Research at Ofcom, growing concern by researchers of those in the older age range. motivations for following the news also and indeed the older generation vary according to the generation. In that the younger generation are somewhat disengaged from the le her current report on the topic, she Social media also plays an important states that, for the younger generation, news, and as a result have a very part in consuming the news for the news is largely about convenience and narrow view of the world around younger generation. It was also being social. For the older generation, them. This, however, couldn't be revealed that most youngsters actually however, motivation is greatly linked to further from the truth, as shown don't seek out news from social media, a sense of duty and habit. by a recent study carried out by but choose to follow it once they see it IF the Media InsightProject there. In other words, they encounter it (A mericanPress Institute & accidentally and therefore following the A ssociatedPress). A ccording to ,_O_ v_e-ra-1-l, -it -is- f -ai-r t- o_ s_ay_ - th_ a_ t n_ _ew_ _s p - lays news is secondary. For example, when this research, 85% of youngsters an important part in all our everyday accessing social media sites, news say that keeping up to date with lives, regardless of generation. headlines automatically appear. These the news is important to them, H owever, what is different amongst the catch the user's eye and consequently and 69% receive news on a daily generations is why and how it is the news link is clicked and followed. basis. opinion/factual accessed. _______ I GRAMMAR FOCUS: THE PASSIVE I Look at extracts 1-4 from the text. Match a tense from the box with each extract. Il past simple passive present perfect passive present continuous passiv] present simple passive 1... social media is used for breaking news... pres:ent s:imple pas:s:ive 2... it was also revealed... 3... social networks are being used selectively... 4... there has been growing concern by researchers... UNIT 03 READING [I!D Why has the writer chosen to use the passive rather than the active in these extracts? Complete headlines 1-4 with the verb in brackets in one of these passive forms. past simple present continuous present perfect present simple 1 Holidays are ruined (ruin) by air strikes. 2 The launch of London's night tube _______ (delay) until further notice. 3 The victims of the air disaster (name) earlier this morning. 4 A new medicine to help fight cancer (develop) in Cambridge at the moment. Read these news headlines written in the active, then change them to the passive. 1 People blame all the wet weather on climate change. Climate change _________________ 2 Police found the Hollywood actor unconscious in his Manhattan apartment. The Hollywood actor _______ _________ 3 Researchers have recovered treasure from a sunken Spanish ship. Treasure ----------------- 4 Today, the public are celebrating a royal wedding. A royal wedding _______________ _ Answer these questions using what you have learnt in this lesson. 1 What should you read carefully before starting a matching information task? 2 Are you looking for matching words or synonyms? 3 Do the answers follow the same order as the text? 4 Can the same letter be used more than once? 5 Do all paragraphs need to be used? EXAM SKILLS The reading passage 'How the younger generation consumes the news' has six paragraphs A-F. Which paragraph contains the following information? 1 the reasons why the younger generation seeks news ___ ____ 2 the opinion that news is important to the younger generation _______ 3 the percentage of older adults in the UK who access the news digitally 4 the idea that the younger generation largely encounters the news by chance 5 the news is of great significance to both young and old people ____ ___ 6. why the younger generation consumes the news through modern technology  INTHIS UNIT YOU WILL LEARN HOWTO use time markers and the passive to describe a process plan a description of a process interpret scientific and technical diagrams. I LEAD·IN I [fil In the Writing test, you might be asked to describe a process. Look at sentences a-g describing a process for writing a local news story, then order the sentences, using the pictures to help you. r:, L.:J A local man nsked his Whu? life today... RUCUIISTOltY SAW DOG............ ········ '''.".. r·,.r: a,· 11.r · , , n 1!J!!!11 Where? When? LOC:AUAKl THVIIS1>AY £YENlffG > Local mao =- _ ·_ --= Brave man saves drowning dog from lake rescues ·'*" ···- aou - --:::::. ,, ,..,. _., ··-- ·-- -------- ------- How to write a local newspaper story a After that, think of a good title for your piece. D b Finally, submit your article to your local newspaper via email. D c Thirdly, think of a good first line: something which is attention-grabbing. D d Next, write the main body of the article, answering the four 'w's: what, where, why and when. D e First, think of a good idea! Choose a local and interesting news story. D f Then, check your article for grammatical and spelling errors. D g Secondly, accompany your story with a picture of a local person or attraction. D I TIME MARKERS I In exercise 1, which words helped you choose the order? Look at this table. hich set of words, 1-4, includes words to desc i at the same time? p ace ribe actions taking. 1 First First of all First To begin with 2 After Next Then Secondly, Thirdly, etc. Whilst At the same time 4 Finally @J1D Study th: dia ram about how a newsroo m works, then read the sample answer, ignoring the gaps for the moment. Do not repeat the wording Attending an in the Writing question. event, face-to face /' or phone interviews, looking through archives. TV camera crews are assigned toJobs, Through press photo shoots are releases, journalists booked or graphic or the general designers are public. allocated work. l Sub-editors will check Raw visual footage is stories for readability revie wed and edited and ensure they are photographs ore not libellous, while loaded into a some stories can be com puter and saved cut, due to space or journ alists spend tim time restrictions. finis hing their stories. The diagram illustrates how news stories are created in a newsroom. 1 , news stories come into the newsroom through either journalists, press releases or members of the general public. 2 , journalists are assigned to different stories. This may mean they have to attend an event, conduct interviews or search through archives. 3 , images become involved in the process. This could be through television crews, graphic designers or photographers. 4 , depending on the type of newsroom, visual footage is reviewed or photographs are loaded into a computer. Journalists also have time at this point to finish their stories. 5 , sub-editors are used to check that stories are legally and factually correct. Also at this stage, some stories may be cut, due to space or time restrictions. Overall, the diagram shows how news is created in five simple steps. Many people are involved in the process, from journalists to photographers.  Compare the diagram and the sample answer, then answer these questions. l Is every word used in the diagram used in the sample answer? 2 Do you need to understand every word in the diagram? 3 Can you use nouns from the diagram in your answer? Complete the sample answer in exercise 4, using the time markers from exercise 3. More than one answer may be possible. I PLANNING YOUR ANSWER I Spending a few minutes planning your answer will ensure it is both logical and structured. It may also help you to understand the diagram better and to choose the most significant features. Look at this example plan. Suggested plan for describing a process -+ Introduction - The diagram explains The introduction should simply state the process of writing a news story. what the process is. Do not, however, There are a total of seven stages in this copy the words used in the task process, each of which will be instructions. described below. -+ Main body-You need to include every stage, but not every minor detail. Many of the nouns will often be provided in the diagram, so make sure they are included in your answer. Stage -- Verbs Nouns - l choose news story 2 ------ -- --·--story, accompany picture 3 think first line - 4 write main body, article ---- 5 check article, errors 6 think title -- 7 submit newspaper -t Overview - Overall, the diagram shows A clear overview of the diagram is how you can write a news story in just essential. This can appear at either the a few simple steps. beginning or the end of your answer. Describe some of these processes to a partner. boil an egg download an app make your favourite dish make a cake post a tweet upload a video on YouTube Write a plan for one of these processes. UNIT 031 WRITING I GRAMMAR FOCUS: THE PASSIVE I r.i1nll When writing about a process, the passive is often used. Underline the uses of t e passive in the diagram in exercise 4. Which passive tense has been used? There ,s also one example of a passive used with a modal verb. Can you find it? Transform these active sentences into the passive. The process of writing a local news story 1 Choose a local news story. 2 Accompany the story with a picture. 3 Think of a good first line. 4 Write the main body of the article. 5 Check the article for errors. 6 Invent a good title. 7 Submit the article to a local newspaper. I INTERPRETING SCIENTIFIC OR TECHNICAL DIAGRAMS I @ The type of diagrams given in this task can vary. It is common, When you first read the diagram, you may not understand it. however, to be given a process If this is the case, try and use some of these steps. which is technical or scientific. Order the steps from 1 to 5. AD You are not expected to have Circle the information in the diagram you do understand. any previous knowledge of You probably understand more than you think. the subject. BO If you are still unsure what to write, move on to Part 2 of the Writing test. This is worth more marks and it will give you longer to think about Part 1. co Ask yourself some of these questions: How many stages are there? Are the stages in a particular order? Do some stages take place at the same time? DD Write a brief plan as you did in exercise 9, and include vocabulary already given. However, remember to write sentences in your own words. E [I] Study the diagram carefully. Although the task is not testing your knowledge on the subject, your interpretation of the diagram needs to be accurate.  EXAM SKILLS] Use the useful phrases andverbs below and other language from this lesson to answer the Writing Part 1 task. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. Useful phrases for process tasks The diagram/ flow-chart illustrates/ shows... Each picture represents a stage in the process of... There are... [number] stages to this process, beginning with... and ending in.... In conclusion/ To conclude, this simple process shows how... Usefulverbs for process tasks absorb build link convert install manufacture attach make lift provide reflect The diagram illustrates the process oflithography: a method used for printing newspapers. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where necessary. Write at least 150 words. 5 UNIT 03 / WRITING  ,.; '.. -,_:fili'.,. :.. UNIT I 03: THE NEWS AND MEDIA Listen to three short discussions, each on a particular topic. In each discussion, another topic is also referred to. Choose the main topic in each discussion. 20 1 A sport B politics C economics 2 A business B science C entertainment 3 A technology B sport C business  Look at these topics and listen to Speakers 1-3. Identify who has the positive -= attitude, the negative attitude and the neutral attitude. Write Speaker 1, i Speaker 2 or Speaker 3. It is important to identify each speaker and understand their Topic 1: Modern art Topic 2: Combating climate change attitudes and opinions. Attitude Positive: _______ Positive:·------- can be shown through intonation, Negative: _______ Negative: _______ as well as through the expressions Neutral: _______ Neutral: _______ a speaker uses. r rNG SPEAKERS_ AND THEIR OPINIONS You will hear two media studies students, Maria and Simon, discussing three space expeditions in the news with their tutor, Dr Anita Thornton. They are deciding on a il:5 study topic. Listen and identify their final choice, A, B or C. 22 A Moon expedition B Mars expedition C Pluto expedition During the discussion, each of the three speakers gives their opinions on the three possibilities. Listen to the first part of the discussion again and decide what each -ii speaker says they prefer first for each suggestion: positive, negative or neutral. Pluto expedition Mars expedition Moon expedition Simon Maria Dr Thornton  - - UNDERSTANDING SPEAKERS' ATTITUDES People often use expressions to show their attitude and opinions. Listen to six short conversations and choose Positive (A), Negative (B) or Neutral (C) for each attitude 23 expressed by the second speaker. 1 A Positive B Negative C Neutral 2 A Positive B Negative C Neutral 3 A Positive B Negative C Neutral 4 A Positive B Negative C Neutral 5 A Positive B Negative C Neutral 6 A Positive B Negative C Neutral Listen to the conversations again and write the key words and expressions which express the speaker's attitude. Decide whether this is positive, negative or neutral. 23 Conversation Key words/expressions Positive / Negative I eutral 1 seriously? 2 3 4 5 6 @Ira Listen to part of the conversation again between Maria, Simon and In multiple-choice questions in Dr Thornton and choose the correct answer, A, B or C. the exam, there is one correct 24 Dr Thornton thinks studying the Mars expedition is a good idea because option and two wrong options. The wrong options are called A she thinks the mission will be successful. 'distractors'. They are designed to B robots and machines will be used to start a colony there. be attractive, for example by C the students will have the chance to study it until it ends. talking about the correct answer but giving the incorrect information. The distractors do Check your answer with your teacher and then answer these questions not answer the question. to help you find the reasons why are the other two options are not correct. 1 What does Dr Thornton say is actually successful? 2 Which expedition is sending robots and machines to find a suitable place i for a colony? 3 What time references do you hear? ( I I t  Listen to a conversation between Maria, Simon and Dr Thornton one month ·= after the start of the project and read questions 1-3. There are two options for iff choosequestion: each one correct answer and one distractor. For each question, the correct answer and think about why the distractor is wrong. When you check the answers, think carefully about why the distractors 1 Alfonso has left the Mars project because are wrong and how you can A he became ill while they were in Arizona. identify the correct answer. B he had a problem unconnected to the project. 2 If someone leaves the Mars project, the rules say that A a new person must take their place. B no new people can join at a later date. 3 Simon agrees that A only one person should look after the food production. B more than one person should look after the food production. RECOGNISING PARAPHRASES OF WHAT PEOPLE SAY - Listen to the next conversation about the project and choose the answer, A, Bor C, which correctly paraphrases the information in the recording. Look at this example. In multiple-choice 26 questions in the Listening One person has most probably been physically violent because test, there are always A they do not speak very much as a rule. three options - one B they might have difficulty being in a closed space. correct answer and two C they always disliked another participant. distractors. The correct answer is B. It is mentioned that Joe is quiet, but only as an observation, not a possible reason, so A is not correct. It is also mentioned that he hit Martin, but there is nothing to say he has always disliked him. There is talk of isolation probably being the reason, which relates to being in a closed space, with no escape from the situation. Now listen to the next part of the conversation and choose the correct answer, A, BorC. 55:5 21 1 Dr Thornton's main interest is in A what kinds of people take part in projects like this. B how she can be a psychology expert on the project. C how people interact in long periods of isolation together. 2 Dr Thornton thinks it's good that A it took some time for the first serious conflict to take place. B problems like these happen on this type of project. C the project is not like a television series or soap opera. 3 Simon states that A Joe could cause problems for the environment of the building if he stays. B Joe successfully dealt with a serious environmental situation. C they could solve any environmental problems if Joe left.  EXAM SKILLS ] Listen to the final part of the conversation and choose the correct answer, A, B or C. 1 Simon is going to base his main study on A why just over half of the participants stayed until the end of the project. B how to make sure that people can survive on a real trip to Mars. C how much the project was covered in the news media. 2 One surprising result of the project was that A it was reported as a major news item. B the participants were in danger of losing their lives. C information from the project will be used in a new design. 3 One thing that Dr Thornton is interested in finding out about the people in the Mars project is A why they had health problems. B how they coped physically with living close together. C how their physical well-being might develop in the future. 4 Maria intends to A make a contribution to an important scientific publication. B write about how well the participants performed while living in a small space. C focus only on the psychological issues affecting the participants. 5 In the end, the total spent on the Mars project was A just over the planned amount. B twice the planned amount. C just under the planned amount. 6 The person who would absolutely refuse to be a participant in a repeat project is A Simon. B Dr Thornton. C Maria.  UNIT I 03: THE NEWS AND MEDIA Ask and answer these questions with a partner. NEWS NEWS NEWS WWW 1 Where do you usually get your news? 2 Where do most people in your country get their news? 3 Do people in your country still read newspapers? 4 Are there any advantages to getting your news on the internet?  TALKING ABOUT THE MEDIA Think ofTHREE advantages and THREE disadvantages of each type of media in the box. Discuss with a partner. newspapers the internet radio television Newspapers The internet Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages 1 _______ 1 _______ 1 _______ 1 _______ 2 _______ 2 _______ 2 _______ ------- 3 ------- 3 ------- 3 ------'---,-- 3 ______ Radio Television Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages 1 _______ 1 _______ 1 _______ 1 _______ 2 _______ 2 _______ 2 _______ 2 _______ 3 ______ 3 ______ 3 ------- 3 _______ EXPRESSING YOUR FEELINGS ABOUT A NEWS STORY With a partner, describe these happy news stories, then share your story with the class. As you tell the story, try to use some or all of the adjectives from the box. 1 A person overcoming a serious health problem 2 A dog finding its owner after getting lost 3 A man being rescued from an overturned boat in the sea brilliant delightful extraordinary impressive magnificent marvellous outstanding stunning tremendous It was: one of the mos:t extraordinary events: I've ever s:een! With a different partner, describe these sad news stories, then share your story with the class. Use some or all of the adjectives from the box. 1 A man losing his winning lottery ti(:ket 2 A woman breaking her leg in an accident 3 A business having to close after running out of money absurd bizarre disgusting distressing dreadful