ICT Revision Notes[1].pdf

ICT SKILLS REVISION NOTES * ICT stands for Information Communication Technology * ICT Tools - Computers, Radio and Television , Internet and email, Smartphones and tablet. * ICT skills help us to communicat...

ICT SKILLS REVISION NOTES * ICT stands for Information Communication Technology * ICT Tools - Computers, Radio and Television , Internet and email, Smartphones and tablet. * ICT skills help us to communicate, run our business and stay connected with our family and friends. Hence, every person needs to acquire ICT skills and build them to stay updated with the latest software and applications (apps). Role of ICT - In personal life – Shopping, Communication, Entertainment - In Professional life – Record Maintenance, E-commerce, E-Banking ICT Components – Data, Procedure, Information, People, Software, Hardware Computer: It is an Electronic Device that takes an input from the user and processes it in a desired way and generates an output in specific format. A computer system consists of two main parts— Hardware- The physical parts that we can see and touch are called hardware. It is the machinery of a computer. These are the keyboard, monitor, CPU, etc. Software: The part which cannot be seen but it makes hardware to work. Example: Windows, MS office etc. - System Software is required to control the functions of a computer eg: Operating System - Application Software is designed for a user and is made to do a specific kind of work eg: MS Word Basic Operations of Computer – Input, Process, Output, Storage Characteristics of Computer – Speed, Accuracy, Reliability, Storage, Versatile Input device – It takes data or instruction from the user to the computer. Eg: Keyboard, Mouse, Microphone Output device – They are the Physical component that displays the processed data or information to the user. Eg: Monitor, Printer, Speaker. Processing device: Computer uses its brain to process the data, CPU is called as the Brain of computer - Arithmetic and Logical Unit(ALU) is responsible for the calculations - Control Unit(CU) controls the flow of information in the system - Memory Unit(MU) Storage unit that holds the processed/unprocessed data. Types of Computer Memory – Primary Memory and Secondary memory  Ports: The slots into which we connect the peripheral devices are Ports. - USB(Universal Serial Bus) port - HDMI(High Definition Multimedia Interface) port - Ethernet Port - Serial Port - Parallel port OPERATING SYSTEM An operating system acts as a user interface between user and computer which directs the processing of programs andcontrols the operation of computer. functions of Operating system  User Interface  Memory Management  File Management  Device Management  Process Management  Security Management  Communication Management Types of Operating Systems The different types of operating systems are as follows: Single-user , single-task operating system – This kind of operating system only permits one person to use the computer at a time for one job. Single-user, multi-task operating system – This kind of operating system is used on desktop and laptop computers, which allow one user to run multiple programmes simultaneously. Examples of single-user multitask operating systems are Windows and Apple MacOS. Multi-user – A multi-user operating system enables multiple users to work on the same computer at different times or simultaneously. Real Time – A computing environment that responds to input within a specific period of time. is known as a real-time operating system. Booting: The process of starting the computer system and loading in the computer’s memory when the power is switched ON. - Cold Booting – When the computer is shut down completely followed by power off and then we switch on to start it, it is called Cold booting - Warm Booting – When the Restart button is pressed without switching off the power supply then it is called warm booting Procedure to Start the computer: Step 1 – ROM loads the BIOS instructions Step 2 – Power ON Self Test is taken place Steps 3 – Windows Loaders loads the Window kernel Step 4 – Operating system takes over Step 5 – System Utilities and Antivirus activated Step 6 – Session Manager takes Over Step 7 – Login to the desktop using username and password Methods to Shutdown the Computer: Method 1 – Start Power button Shut down Method 2 – Ctrl+Alt+Delete Method 3 – Alt + F4  Shut down MENU, ICONS, AND TASK BAR ON THE DESKTOP The components of Windows are as follows – Taskbar – The long horizontal bar at the bottom of the screen is called the taskbar. The Start button is located to the left of the Taskbar, and Date/Time is located to the right. On the Taskbar, you can also see icons for open programmes and a few shortcuts. Icons: a small graphical representation of a program on the computer screen. Recycle Bin – The user’s deleted files and folders are kept in the Recycle Bin. You can restore accidentally deleted files or folders from the recycle bin. Notification Area- It is also called as System Tray that displays the system notifications and the status of other task running in the background. CREATING AND MANAGING FILES AND FOLDERS Files – Every single thing you keep on your computer is kept as a file. - File name has two parts file name followed by the File Extension Folder – Folders and directories are groups which contain single or multiple files. - Folders does not have Extension Mouse Operations : Single click – Selects Double click – Opens Right Click – Pop ups or Shortcut menu Drag and Drop – Shift the location Hovering – Moving the cursor without clicking it Internet terminologies:  Online – Device connected to Internet  Hyperlink – When clicked Hyoerlink helps to navigate to another part of the same web page or to a different web page  Web Page – Hypertext document on the web containing formatted information  Website – Collection of related Web pages that are accessed using URL  HomePage – First page of a website  WWW – Also called as WEB, Huge collection of data or information in the form of webpages.  Web address – It is the address of the web file located on a web server that can be accessed by any web browser on the internet  DNS(Domain Name System) – It is the Phone book of the internet that translates each URL into Corresponding IP Address  IP(Internet Protocol) Address - It is a unique logical address of a device that helps to track or identify the user actions on the Internet.   Protocol – The Standard set of rules and regulations to be followed to avoid data damage and data collision  TCP( Transmission Control Protocol) – It is a reliable two way method of communication for efficient data transmission on the internet  Web Client – Any smart device that access the services of the web server through the internet browser.  Web server – It is a host computer connected in WWW containing information in the form of WebPages and Websites. It responds to Client’s request.  Web Browser – It is an application software designed to access web information through hyperlinks, web pages and websites.  ISP(Internet Service Provider) – Company that provides internet connection and its services to people. Applications of internet : Communication, Social Networking, Education , E-commerce etc Postal Mail vs Email Email(Electronic Mail) is the popular and convenient way of sending and receiving message through the internet. It is made up of User Name followed by Domain Name separated by a separator @ POSTAL MAIL EMAIL Traditional method sending message physically Fasted method to send message electrically Costly Cost only for internet no extra cost for mail Difficult to send Easy to send from anywhere and at anytime Need Geographical address of the recipient Need only the email address of the recipient Folders: Social Media – Blogs, X(Twitter), Facebook, Youtube, Whatsapp Messenger Blog - A blog is an online journal or informational website run by an individual, group, or corporation that offers regularly updated content about a topic.eg: www.bloggers.com Digital India – It is a campaign launched by the government of India to make the country Digitally equipped. Its Objectives are:  To provide high speed network in rural areas  Digital empowerment of every citizen in India Points to remember:  1st Computer Mouse was made of wood, Douglas Englebart invented it in 1964  Internet designed by ARPA (American Research Project Agency ) in the year 1969  Internet was first called as ARPANET  WWW founder – Tim Berners-Lee in 1990  Elon Musk founder of XTwitter  Facebook – Mark Zuckerberg – 2004  Youtube - Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim – (1st video – 23.04.2005)  Whatsapp Messenger - Brian Acton, Jan Koum – Feb 2009  Digital India – Prime Minister Narendra Modi – 01.07.2015 BASIC SHORTCUTS CTRL+ z — undo CTRL+ y — redo CTRL+ a — select all CTRL+ x — cut CTRL+ c — copy CTRL+ v — paste CTRL+ p — print CTRL+ s — save. Windows + D – Show Desktop Ctrl +Alt + Del – Shutdon Shit + Del – Permenantly delete file or folder