ICT-095 - Unit 1 - S version.pdf
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ICT095: Information Technology Basics Fall 2023/2024 Week 1 References: Technology In Action, 17th edition, published by Pearson © 2022 Principles of Digital Information Technology, 2nd Edition, published by Goodheart-Willcox Publisher © 2021 1 This Course • Concentrates on digital literacy and...
ICT095: Information Technology Basics Fall 2023/2024 Week 1 References: Technology In Action, 17th edition, published by Pearson © 2022 Principles of Digital Information Technology, 2nd Edition, published by Goodheart-Willcox Publisher © 2021 1 This Course • Concentrates on digital literacy and technology related to academics. • Introduces basics of information technology to enhance academic and professional skills of undergraduate students. • Explores concepts of innovation and entrepreneurship in the technology sector, including idea generation, problem-solving, and the importance of creativity and critical thinking. • Develops communication and presentation skills. • Equipes students with hands-on lab experience on different information technology tools. 2 Course Content Unit 1: Introduction to IT Unit 2: Overview of different areas of IT Unit 8: Online interaction Unit 3: Digital literacy Unit 9: IT in industries Unit 4: Presentation skills Unit 10: IT in education Unit 5: Online content generation Unit 11: IT in innovation & entrepreneurship Unit 6: Role of IT in enhancing productivity. Unit 13: Digitization of society Unit 7: Social media 3 Textbooks Main Textbook: Alan Evans, Kendall Martin, Mary Anne Poatsy, Technology in Action, 17th Edition, 2021, Pearson Publisher, ISBN-13: 9780136971252 Reference Book: Kathleen M. Austin and Lorraine N. Bergkvist, Principles of Digital Information Technology, 2nd Edition, 2021, Goodheart-Willcox Publisher, ISBN: 978-1-64564099-8 4 Book Navigation Glossary: Definitions of important terms [If the term is written in blue, then you will find it in the glossary at the end of the book] Online Resources: Benefit from the online, interactive resources, highlighted under the following titles: Try This, Make This, Helpdesk, Solve This, Sound Bytes, IT Simulations, and MyLab IT. 5 Grade Distribution Assessment Weight Final Exam (Week 16) 40% Midterm Exam (Week 8) 20% Lab work 20% Assignments 5% Quizzes 5% Project/Presentation 10% 6 Course Policies Attendance • Attendance is taken at the beginning of the class. • 2 absences: First warning • 2 more absences: Second warning • 5th absence: FA Grade • Passing grade: C (73/100) 7 Course Administration and Technologies Instructor Information • Name: Areej Abdelaal • Office Location: Khaldiya, building 14 (14Kh), floor 2, office 28 (Gate1) • Email: [email protected] • Office Hours: Tuesday (9:00 – 10:00) | Tuesday (10:30 – 13:00) Communication Methods • Discussion board on MS Teams. • University email. • Office visit during the office hours. 8 Microsoft Teams 9 Unit 1: Introduction to IT ● Introduction to IT concepts, and significance. ● Historical evolution of IT. ● Basic components and functions. 10 What is Information Technology (IT)? Definition: The set of techniques used in processing and retrieving information. Can you imagine your life without using IT? Examples: • Social media tools • Crisis mapping tools • Health care tools Ref: https://cio-wiki.org/wiki/Information_Technology_%28IT%29 11 Social Media Tools Definition: Websites or apps that allow users to create and share content and/or participate in social networking with others. Activity: Mention some social media platforms. What are the impacts of social media on society? 12 Social Media Tools Social media platforms enable people to: ▪ Connect and exchange ideas. ▪ Bring together people facing similar problems to fight for social change. • Bot accounts, automated programs retweeting news, stories and quotes, have been used to create discord around controversial topics in many countries. • Knowing how to use and critically evaluate social media is an important skill needed by all. 13 Crisis-Mapping Tools Definition: A tool that collects information from e-mails, text messages, blog posts, and tweets and then maps them, instantly making the information publicly available. Crisis-Mapping Tools has been used in several international disasters, including during the COVID-19 Pandemic. 14 Health Care Scientific visualization tools help scientists develop tests for antibodies for specific viruses. Example: Folding@Home software for creating COVID-19 vaccine. Folding@Home software for creating COVID-19 vaccine. Image Ref: https://foldingathome.org/diseases/?lng=en 15 IT Significance Why is it important to learn about IT? • Computers are everywhere (Digital Society). • A thorough understanding of key concepts in technology can future-proof people to easily and quickly react to the next round of new technologies. • Technology is a tool that enables individuals to make an impact beyond their own lives by participating in state-of-the-art projects. 16 Historical evolution of IT Networked Computers (Mid 1990s) Giant Computers (1940s-1960s) Personal Computers (1970s) Cloud Computing (early 2000s) 17 Phase 1: Giant Computers Definition: A large computer made up from individual parts to perform different functions. Features: • Size: large • Located in special facilities. • Needed highly skilled technicians to run them. • Programs run on giant computers had to be small in size • Terminals could be connected to the main computer. 18 Phase 2: Personal Computers (PCs) PC: A computer that can run programs by itself. • First PCs were only capable of displaying one colour on the screen monitor. • Some applications it ran: Games , word processing, business spreadsheet programs. • Internet became available to public at the end of the second phase of the digital revolution. • World Wide Web (WWW) was not available. Ref: A. (n.d.). Proper Pac-Man. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/acidzebra2/7410425798 • 19 Phase 3: Networked Computers Definition: Network is a group of two or more computers (or nodes) that are configured to share information and resources such as printers, files, and databases. • Invented when computers became user friendly. • Computer network became interconnected. • Both business and public had access to the network. • This phase evolved due to the invention of the Internet, World Wide Web and mobile devices. Ref: L. (n.d.). Thème N°1 : réseaux et communications informatiques |. https://sti2d.ecolelamache.org/thme_n1__rseaux_et_communications_informatiques.html 20 Phase 4: Cloud Computing Definition: Delivery of computing services over the internet. Features: • Storing and retrieving data from internet-based spaces. • Backing up and sharing data. • Running programs that are not installed locally. Ref: Download Cloud Computing Photos HQ PNG Image | FreePNGImg. (n.d.). FreePNGImg. https://www.freepngimg.com/png/23920-cloud-computing-photos 21 Computer Literacy Definition: Understanding computer terminology and staying updated with technological advancement. Why should you be computer literate? Computer Mobile phone, laptop • Understand the capabilities and limitations of computers. • Know how to use computers safely and efficiently. • Avoid hackers and viruses. • Protect your privacy. Hardware Internal Hardware Hard Disk, , Processor External Hardware Keyboard, microphone Software System Software Window, Linux Application Software MS Office 22 Computer Functions Definition: A Computer is a data processing device that converts data into information. Central Processing Unit Basic functions of computers: 1. Processing: Manipulates, calculates, or organizes that data into information 2. Input: Gathers data or allows users to enter data Input Output Memory Unit 3. Output: Displays data and information in a form suitable for the user 4. Storage: Saves data and information Basic Computer Block Diagram 23 Data Processing 1/2 Data: Raw unorganized collection of facts Information: Data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful fashion Data and information can be in different forms like numbers, words, pictures, sound. Data Processing Information 24 Data Processing 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2/2 Student provides the clerk with personal data Data is entered into a computer Clerk takes student picture with a digital camera (collecting more data) Data is then processed so that it could be printed on the student ID card This organized output of data on your ID card is useful information 25 Computer Language 1/2 • Binary language: ▪ The language computers use to process data into information. ▪ Consists of two digits (0 and 1) • Each number, character and symbol (@, ?, %) consists of a unique combination of eight bits. Example: K is represented as 01001011 • Byte: 8 bits Binary language • Binary language also represents the quantity of data and information that the computer inputs and output (Ex: Word files, digital pictures, and software) A. (2020, June 29). binary number system and indian history. International Journal of Research (IJR). https://internationaljournalofresearch.com/2020/06/29/binary-number-system-and-indianhistory/ 26 Computer Language 2/2 • A computer system can be viewed as an enormous collection of on/off switches. • Electrical switches: Devices inside the computer that are flipped between the two states of 1 and 0 (on and off) Ref: Lambiase, J. (2017, March 28). Cosa significa Byte - Wikibit. Wikibit. https://www.wikibit.it/b/cosa-significa-byte-323/ 27 Integrated circuits • Early computers used transistors. • Later, integrated circuits were developed due to technological advancement. • Integrated circuits (or chips) are tiny regions of semiconductor material that support a huge number of transistors. ▪ Enables computer designers to create small yet powerful microprocessors. 28 Processing of bits and bytes A computer processes data into information using both hardware and software. Hardware: is any part of the computer you can physically touch. Software: is the set of computer programs that enables the hardware to perform different tasks, such as processing data into information. Operating system (OS): The program that controls how your computer functions (common type of software) Examples of OS: Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS. 29 Processing Devices Processing takes place between the input and output using: 1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Brain of the computer which contains billions of circuits 2. Memory • RAM (Volatile): Stores programs and data that the computer is currently using • ROM (Non-volatile): Holds all the instructions needed to start up the device when powered on Motherboard • Connects all the hardware in the computer • The CPU and the memory are mounted on top of the motherboard 30 Input Devices 1/2 A device used to enter, or input, data (text, images, and sounds) and instructions (user responses and commands) into a computer. Activity: Look around and identify some input devices in your classroom. 31 Input Devices 2/2 Example: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Keyboard Mouse Touch pad, used in laptops Joysticks and steering wheels in gamming Flatbed scanner Digital camera Webcam Microphone Fingerprint sensor Touch screens Input Devices Ref: https://seven.edu.vn/draw-input-and-output-device32 5j7avs7y/ Output Devices 1/2 A device that sends processed data and information out of a computer in the form of text, pictures (graphics), sounds (audio), or video. Activity: Look around and identify some output devices in your classroom. 33 Output Devices 2/2 Examples: ▪ Display screen, monitor ▪ Speakers ▪ Printers (Inkjet and laser printers) ▪ Headphones ▪ Projectors Output Devices Ref: https://seven.edu.vn/draw-input-and-output-device5j7avs7y/ 34 Storage Devices 1/2 Local Storage Devices: • Hard drive (HDD): Non-volatile Permanent storage of software and data. ▪ Internal hard drive: Resides within the desktop or laptop system unit. ▪ External hard drives: reside outside the system unit and connect to the computer via a port. • Solid-state drive (SSD): run with no noise, emit little heat, and require little power Portable Storage Options: • Flash drive: Up to 4TB storage capacity • Flash memory card: Transfer data between computers and digital cameras, smartphones, tablets, video cameras, and printers 35 Storage Devices 2/2 Smartphone Storage Devices: 1. Memory chips 2. Micro SD flash cards (external) (not in all phone models) Allow adding additional memory to the phone. • Installed inside a phone In some phones, external slots for an SD card are provided. 3. Cloud Storage • Using a service that keeps your files on the cloud rather than on your device. • Requires installation of a software or an app on your device • Examples: Google Drive, Microsoft OneDrive, and Dropbox 36 Exercise Identify what is the input, output and the process in the following paragraph: You went to your bank branch and used their ATM machine. You inserted your banking card and entered the PIN. The machine checks your PIN. If it was correct, it would ask you to write the amount of money you want to withdraw. You then entered the amount. The ATM automatically counted the money and gave you the requested amount. 37 Types of Computers 1/5 Portable Computers 1. Cell Phone ▪ Internet access ▪ Personal information management (PIM) features ▪ Computing power to run programs like word processors and video-editing software ▪ Control of other devices in your “smart” home ▪ Voice recording features ▪ The ability to play and organize music files ▪ GPS services ▪ Digital image and video capture 38 Types of Computers 2/5 Portable Computers 2. Tablets Features compared to cell phones: ▪ Similar operating systems( Android, iOS or Windows) ▪ Similar processors ▪ Touch-screen interfaces ▪ Long battery life: Run at least 10 hours on a single charge. ▪ Similar software applications ▪ Similar Internet connectivity ▪ Bluetooth 39 Types of Computers 3/5 Portable Computers 3. Laptops Laptops variants: ▪ 2-in-1 PCs: laptop computer that can convert into a tablet-like device. ▪ Ultrabooks: Full-featured computers that focus on offering a very thin, lightweight computing solution. ▪ Chromebook: Uses the Google Chrome OS and is designed to be connected to the Internet always. Documents and apps are stored primarily in the cloud as opposed to locally. 2-in-1 PCs 40 Types of Computers 4/5 Stationary Computers 1. Desktop Computers ▪ Intended for use at a single location. ▪ Consist of a system unit. ▪ Peripheral devices are attached to the. system unit ( Ex: Monitor, keyboard). 2. All-in-one Computers ▪ Computers house the computer’s processor and memory in the monitor. 41 Types of Computers 5/5 Super Computers • Fastest computers. • Analyse significant amount of data and numbers. • Used usually by scientists and engineers. Mainframes Mainframe • Process and store business transaction ( i.e.. scheduling airlines reservations). Embedded Computers • Computer chip that resides in another device, such as your car, a drone, or the electronic thermostat in your home. • They typically don’t receive input from you or interact with other systems Ref: Jhonsa, E. (2019, November 28). IBM’s New Mainframe Computers Are Intriguing, But Slowing Intel’s Advance Won’t Be Easy. TheStreet. https://www.thestreet.com/investing/stocks/ibm-s-new-mainframe-computers-are-intriguing-but-slowing-intel-s-advance-won-t-be-easy-14231378 42 Exercise Give an example of a device that is most suitable for a person whose work is mainly on the web? Chromebook What are the advantages of using a cloud computing technology? - It can be accessed from any device connected to the internet. - Ease of implementation as no installation or update on computer/device is required. - Subscription based so no need for large up-front payment. 43 Thank You 44
