ICT-102-LESSON1-LECTURE.pdf

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (1st Semester) ICT 102 - Lesson 1: Introduction to Computing and Interdisciplinary Applications Subject Teacher: Rey Martin Esperida...

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (1st Semester) ICT 102 - Lesson 1: Introduction to Computing and Interdisciplinary Applications Subject Teacher: Rey Martin Esperida 7. Jacquard Loom WHAT IS A COMPUTER? ► Invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1881 ► A computer is an electronic machine that ► An automatic loom controlled by punched accepts information (data), processes it cards. according to specific instructions, and provides the results as new information. 8. Arithmometer ► A programmable electronic device designed to ► Invented by Thomas de Colmar in 1820 accept, perform prescribed mathematical and ► The first reliable, useful, and commercially logical operations at high speed, and display the successful mass produced calculating machine results of these operations. that could perform the four basic mathematic ► The first use of the word “computer” was in 1613, functions. referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations. 9. Difference Engine and Analytical Engine ► Invented by Charles Babbage (Father of THE EARLY COMPUTERS Computer) in 1822 and 1834 1. Tally Stick ► First automatic mechanical computer designed ► Ancient memory aid device to record and to tabulate polynomial functions. document numbers, quantities, or even ► The creation of analytical engine made our first messages. computer programmer 2. Abacus Agusta Ada Bayron (1840): Suggests Babbage ► Mechanical device used to aid an individual in that he use the binary system and she write performing mathematical calculations and basic programs for the Analytical Engine. arithmetic operations. ► Invented in Babylonia in 2400 B.C. 10. Scheutzian Calculation Engine ► First used in China in around 500 B.C. ► Invented by Per Georg Scheutz in 1843 ► The first printing calculator that is based on 3. Napier’s Bones Charles Babbage’s difference engine. ► Invented by John Napier in 1614 ► Multiply, divide, and calculate square and cube 11. Tabulating Machine roots by moving the rods around and placing ► Invented by Herman Hollerith in 1890 them in specially constructed boards. ► To assisst in summarizing information and accounting. 4. Slide Rule ► Invented by William Oughtred in 1622 12. Harvard Mark 1 ► Based on Napier’s ideas about logarithms. ► Invented by Howard H. Aiken in 1943 ► Used primarily for multiplication, division, roots, ► Also known as IBM Automatic Sequence logarithm, and trigonometry. Controlled Calculator (ASCC), the first electro- mechanical computer. 5. Pascaline ► Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642 13. Z1 ► Only used to add and subtract and it is too ► Invented by Konrad Zuse in Germany from 1936 expensive. to 1938. ► First programmable computer which required 6. Stepped Reckoner that the user insert punch tape into a punch ► Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672 tape reader and all output was also generated ► The machine that can add, subtract, multiply through punch tape. and divide automatically. Reviewer by: Issa Belle M. Tuson BSIT 1-D 1  Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (1st Semester) ICT 102 - Lesson 1: Introduction to Computing and Interdisciplinary Applications Subject Teacher: Rey Martin Esperida 14. Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) c. The Third Generation (1965 - 1970) ► Invented by Professor John Atanasoff and Clifford ► Integrated Circuit was the hallmark of the third Berry at Iowa State University betweeb 1939 and generation of computers as it was much smaller 1942. and cheaper compared to the second ► First electronic digital computing device. generation. ► Transistors were miniaturized and placed on 15. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer silicon chips, called semiconductors, which (ENIAC) drastically increased the speed and efficiency of ► Invented by John Presper Eckert and John W. computers, as it could carry out instructions in Mauchly in 1946. billionths of a second. ► First electronic general purpose computer. d. The Fourth Generation (1971 - Today) 16. Universal Automatic Computer 1 (UNIVAC I) ► Microprocessor brought the fourth generation of ► Invented by John Presper Eckert and John W. computers, as thousands of integrated circuits Mauchly in 1948 to 1951. were built onto a single silicon chip. ► First commercial computer. ► As these small computers became more ► The two inventors also created the first computer powerful, they could be linked together to form company networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Electronics Controls Company: The first computer company founded in 1949 by John Presper e. The Fifth Generation (Today - Future) Eckert and John W. Mauchly ► Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) which is still in development. 17. Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer ► The goal is to develop devices that respond to (EDVAC) natural language input and are capable of ► Invented by Von Neumann in 1952. learning and self-organization. ► First stored program computer and has a ► The use of parallel processing and memory to hold both a store program as well as superconductors is helping to make artificial data. intelligence a reality. 18. Osborne 1 IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTER LITERACY ► Invented by Osborne Computer Corporation and Computer Literacy in 1981. Computer literacy is defined as the knowledge ► First portable computer. and ability to use computers and related technology efficient, with a range of skills covering levels from COMPUTER GENERATIONS elementary use to computer programming and a. The First Generation (1946 - 1958) advanced problem solving. ► The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. ► It was very expensive to operate and a great deal of use in electricity which generated a lot of heat in which was often the cause of malfunction. b. The Second Generation (1959 - 1964) ► Transistors replaced vacuum tubes, as one transistor replaced the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes. ► This allow computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more reliable, and energy efficient. Reviewer by: Issa Belle M. Tuson BSIT 1-D 2  Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (1st Semester) ICT 102 - Lesson 1: Introduction to Computing and Interdisciplinary Applications Subject Teacher: Rey Martin Esperida ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER 1. Speed: A computer can process data faster than Name Inventor Year Record other machines. (First) 2. Repetitiveness: Easily perform same operations Tally Stick - - - millions of times in the same method. 3. Accuracy: Accompanied by light accuracy result. 2400 Babylonia/ 4. Stores and Retreive Information: It store data, acts Abacus B.C./ - China 500 B.C. instructions and retrieve information. 5. Logic Operations: Can perform operations based Napier’s Bones John Napier 1614 - on alternative courses of actions 6. Self-Operating: The computer is capable of William Slide Rule 1622 - executing the data and instructions without human Oughtred intervention. Pascaline Blaise Pascal 1642 - Gottfried DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER Stepped Wilhelm 1672 - 1. It cannot correct wrong instructions. Reckoner Leibniz 2. Prone to machine defection. Jacquard Joseph-Marie 1881 - 3. It cannot interpret object. Loom Jacquard Mass- ELEMENTS OF THE COMPUTING PROCESS Thomas de Produced Arithmometer 1820 1. Hardware: Physical devices that comprised a Colmar Calculating Machine computer system (monitor, keyboard, and printer). Difference Charles 2. Software: A set of instructions called programs (MS 1822 Engine and Babbage Mechanical Word). Analytical (Father of and Computer 3. Data: Inputs for processing. 1834 Engine Computer 4. People: Provide the inputs and the use. Scheutzian 5. Procedures: Steps to be followed to accomplish a Per Georg Printing Calculation 1843 Scheutz Calculator specific task. Engine 6. Connectivity: Electronic connections and Tabulating Herman 1890 - communications between computer system. Machine Hollerith Electro- Harvard Howard H. USES OF COMPUTER 1943 mechanical Mark 1 Aiken ► Information System/Data Processing computer ► Personal Computing 1936 to Programmab Z1 Konrad Zuse 1938 le Computer ► Science Research and Engineering Electronic ► Education and References Atanasoff- Prof. John 1939 digital ► Computer-Aided Design Berry Atanasoff and and computing ► Artificial Intelligence Computer Clifford Berry 1942 device ► Process/Device Control John Presper Electronic ► Entertainment Eckert and general ENIAC 1946 ► Communication Johm W. purpose Mauchly computer COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SOCIETY John Presper ► Education Eckert and 1948- Commercial UNIVAC 1 Johm W. 1951 Computer ► Finance Mauchly ► Government Stores ► Health Care EDVAC Von Neumann 1952 Program ► Science Computer ► Publishing Osborne Portable ► Travel Osborne 1 Computer 1981 Computer ► Manufacturing Coreporation Reviewer by: Issa Belle M. Tuson BSIT 1-D 3  Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (1st Semester) ICT 102 - Lesson 1: Introduction to Computing and Interdisciplinary Applications Subject Teacher: Rey Martin Esperida Reviewer by: Issa Belle M. Tuson BSIT 1-D 4