IaD [018-019] Taenia species Infection PDF 2024-2025

 IaD [018-019] Taenia species Parasite affecting the small intestine of man Taeniasis Medical Parasitology division 2024-2025 Key groups of parasites affecting man Taenia species belong to which key group of parasites? I- Metazoan Parasites...

 IaD [018-019] Taenia species Parasite affecting the small intestine of man Taeniasis Medical Parasitology division 2024-2025 Key groups of parasites affecting man Taenia species belong to which key group of parasites? I- Metazoan Parasites II- Protozoan Parasites termed Helminths termed Protozoa Body is composed of one cell Body is composed of organs and systems 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 3 Key groups of Helminths affecting man Taenia species belong to which key group of Helminths? Group I Group II Group III Have flat & unsegmented Have cylindrical body Have flat & segmented body body Trematoda Cestoda (tape worms) Nematoda (flukes) (Cylindrical worms) 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 4 Can you imagine the length of today’s parasite? ????? View this video on next slide View this video on next slide apimages.com Medical student Medical student 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 5 A video showing viable adult Taenia worm Lives in small intestine of man Scolex Immature segments & genital organs Mature segments Branched uterus full https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MxI2bMwFNE of eggs Adult Taenia worm is from 4 to 10 meters long Gravid segments 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 6 Intended Learning Objectives By the end of this lecture, you will be able to: 1. Identify the geographical distribution of taeniasis related to ecology 2. Determine the infective stage & mode of infection in case-based vignette 3. Apply knowledge of the pathway of the parasite in infected patient's body & its habitat 4. Interpret knowledge of the harm produced, the clinical picture & probable complications to put suggestive diagnosis 5. Use the suitable investigation methods to reach definite diagnosis 6. Instruct the appropriate treatment, prevention & control measures 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 7  A case study A 10-year-old boy has abdominal pain. On examination, the doctor elicited abdominal rigidity, migration of pain to the lower right quadrant. He also elicited rebound tenderness. He clinically suspects inflammation of the boy’s appendix. He requests for: - Complete blood picture (CBC) To view lab results To view lab results - Stool analysis To view lab results youtube.com To view lab results 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 8 Geographical Distribution of Taenia species Infection Taenia saginata Worldwide Distribution Taenia solium Especially in cattle raising Especially in pig raising countries Adult lives countries in small Ingested in intestine of undercooked patient pork beef Taenia saginata eggs Taenia solium eggs Cysticercus bovis Cysticercus cellulosae in beef muscle in pork muscles (4 -10 m long) Taenia saginata Taenia solium (2 - 4 m long) Egg in stool of patient (diagnostic stage) 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 11  Infective Stage & Mode of Infection with Taenia species Taenia saginata Taenia solium Both are oval, whitish Infective Stage NO hooks vesicle 10X5 mm in size, with hooks filled with fluid Cysticercus bovis Cysticercus cellulosae tabletsmanual.com researchgate.net Mode of infection muscle of cattle (beef) muscle of pig (pork) 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 12 Pathogenesis & Clinical Picture of Taeniasis In both Taenia solium & Taenia saginata infections: - Intestinal disturbances - Neurological manifestations colon - Loss of weight + - Intestinal obstruction In Taenia saginata infection Migrating segments cause: - Acute appendicitis - Cholangitis click here - Pass out of anus - Cholangitis click here - Pass out of anus + In Taenia solium infection Cysticercosis occurs: caused by ingestion of Taenia solium egg (discussed later in this lecture) 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 13  Laboratory Diagnosis of Taeniasis 1- Detection of eggs and/or gravid segments in stool To view Taenia segments diagnosed by an Egyptian lab click here To view Taenia segments diagnosed by an Egyptian lab click here 2- Detection of motile segments on peri-anal skin, under clothes or on bed (in Taenia saginata) 2- Detection of motile segments on peri-anal skin, under clothes or on bed (in Taenia saginata) To view a motile Taenia segment that crept out of the anus of an Egyptian patient click here To view a motile Taenia segment that crept out of the anus of an Egyptian patient click here 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 15  Treatment of Taeniasis Praziquantel (Epiquantel) Albendazole (Alzental, Vermizole) Niclosamide (Yomesan) In Taenia solium infection use Praziquantel or Albendazole carefully in patients suspected to have cysticercosis as there are reports of seizures associated with treatment Stools should be re-examined for Taenia eggs 1 and 3 months after treatment to be sure the infection is cleared. 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 18  I need to know what is Cysticercosis? To learn more, try to answer questions in next slide apimages.com Medical student Professor 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 19  What happens when a cattle ingests What happens when man ingests Taenia saginata eggs? Taenia saginata eggs? No infection Cysticercus bovis develops in the muscles What happens when man ingests Taenia solium eggs? Cysticercus cellulosae in human tissue What happens when a pig ingests To extra intestinal tissues Taenia solium eggs? Cysticercosis Cysticercus cellulosae develops in the muscles 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 20 What is the meaning of Cysticercosis? Invasion of human tissues by Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval stage of Taenia solium Infective stage Taenia solium eggs Mode of infection I- Ingestion of Taenia solium eggs in contaminated food or drink 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 21  Other Modes of Infection with Cysticercosis? In a patient having adult worms in his intestine, II- Hand to mouth infection in a patient having adult worms in his intestine External autoinfection III- Detached segments ascend by anti-peristaltic movements to the stomach then descend again to the intestine where eggs hatch and cause cysticercosis Internal autoinfection 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 22 Pathogenesis of Cysticercosis Taenia antigens Inflammatory cells Existence of Cysticercus cellulosae in patient’s tissue produces: inflammatory reactions ending in fibrosis & calcification Common sites of cysticercosis: Muscles, skin, eyes and central nervous system 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 23 Clinical Picture of Cysticercosis Patient suffers from muscle pain, fever Eye cysts lead to visual disturbances & blindness thirdeye-radiologysite.blog longdom.org Subcutaneous cysts are easily palpable Brain cysts causes headache, seizures, epilepsy http://biomed.uninet.edu/2004/n3/foyaca-n.html bioweb.uwlax.edu Cysts affecting nerves cause neurological disorders 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 24  Radiological Diagnosis of Cysticercosis MRI CT magnetic resonance image computed tomography X-ray pinterest.com Shows calcified cysts termed rice grain calcification in soft neupsykey.com cureus.com tissue & muscles of lower limb Shows calcified cysts Shows cyst in brain tissue Cysticercosis of skeletal muscles in spinal cord Cysticercosis of central nervous system (CNS) 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 25 Laboratory Diagnosis of Cysticercosis I- Complete Blood Count: Shows increased number of eosinophils in blood N.B. Eosinophils increase in blood of patients infected by worms that invade their tissues II- Serological tests: Detection of anti-Taenia antibodies or antigen in patient’s blood 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 26 Treatment of Cysticercosis 1- Surgical treatment if possible 2- Praziquantel longdom.org bioweb.uwlax.edu 3- Simultaneous administration of steroids To relieve the intense local inflammatory reactions to antigenic material of dead larvae 4- Vitamin D and calcium to help calcification 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 27  Prevention & Control of Taenia species Infection ❑ Washing hands after coming out of the toilet ❑ Washing of green vegetables eaten raw foodndtv.com ❑ Proper cooking of beef or pork cooklikejames.com ❑ Proper inspection of slaughtered cattle or pigs alamy.com 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 28 Take Home Message Taeniasis is caused by eating inadequately cooked meat (beef/pork) Taeniasis solium infection is more serious than taeniasis saginata infection as it causes cysticercosis Taeniasis infection is commonly diagnosed by stool analysis Cysticercosis is mainly diagnosed by serology/radiological imaging Praziquantel is the drug of choice for Taeniasis infection Surgical treatment is requested for cysticercosis (if possible) 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 29  Quiz A 27-year-old employee has acute belly cramping & pain. He is admitted to the Emergency Room. He is clinically diagnosed a case of acute appendicitis. He reports consuming grilled meat sandwiches from a small shop selling food on the sidewalk. The healthcare provider suspects an underlying parasitic cause. Which one of the following parasites is most likely to be the cause? a) Leishmania donovani b) Plasmodium vivax c) Taenia solium d) Leishmania tropica e) Taenia saginata 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 30 Quiz A 30-year-old man has abdominal distress. Taenia solium egg stage is viewed microscopically in his stool. The doctor prescribes the suitable drug treatment and requests for saline purge 2 hours after treatment to guard against development of serious complications. Which of the following complications is the doctor trying to avoid? a) Obstructive jaundice b) Intestinal obstruction c) Acute appendicitis d) Cysticercosis e) Black water fever 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 31  Quiz A 30-year-old beggar has vague abdominal pain. She is given pieces of meat from cattle that is slaughtered in the street. She is very happy, and she swallows the meat without waiting for it to be properly cooked. She occasionally passes flat fleshy motile structures out of her anus even without defecation. If this beggar is heavily infected with the causative pathogen, what complication she is at risk? a) Intestinal villi atrophy b) Intestinal obstruction c) Malabsorption d) Ocular cysticercosis e) Neurocysticercosis 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 32  Quiz A 30-year-old man has pain in the upper right side of the abdomen. He undergoes cholangiography that reveals sciencedirect.com inflammation of the bile duct. He reports consuming grilled beef sandwiches from a small shop selling food on the sidewalk. Tapeworm infection is confirmed. Which one of the following parasitic stages is responsible? pscsupport.org.uk a) The egg stages b) Mature segment c) Cysticercus cellulosae d) Gravid segment 11/17/2024 e) Cysticercus bovis Infection & Defence Module 33 Suggested Textbooks & Websites Paniker’s Textbook of Medical Parasitology https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/az.html Best Wishes 11/17/2024 Infection & Defence Module 34