Hydro Questions - Key Concepts in Groundwater and Flood Management

Key Concepts in Groundwater and Flood Management Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7f4xq 1. Aquifer Underground layer storing significant water resources. 2. unconfined an aquifer made of porous rock covered by soil out of aquifer which...

Key Concepts in Groundwater and Flood Management Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7f4xq 1. Aquifer Underground layer storing significant water resources. 2. unconfined an aquifer made of porous rock covered by soil out of aquifer which water can easily flow 3. confined aquifer an aquifer surrounded by a layer of impermeable rock or clay that impedes water flow 4. Aquifuge formation that neither contains nor transmits significant quantities of water 5. Aquiclude A body of rock that will absorb water slowly, but will not transmit it fast enough to supply a well. 6. Aquitard a low permeability geologic unit or stratum that can store water, but transmits it very slowly- it restricts the flow of water 7. Porosity Volume of voids in soil or rock, affecting water storage. Vv/Vt 8. Hydraulic con- Ability of soil to transmit water, measured in m/s. q=ki= Q/A ductivity or q=KAi 9. Flood hydro- Graph showing river discharge over time during floods. graph 1/6  Key Concepts in Groundwater and Flood Management Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7f4xq 10. SUDS Sustainable drainage systems managing stormwater ef- fectively. 11. Examples of permeable pavements, Swales, wet and dry basins SUDS 12. flood frequency prediction of the frequency with which floods of a particular analysis magnitude tend to occur. 13. Recurrence inter- Average time between events of a certain magnitude. val 14. Water balance Equation representing inflow, outflow, and storage equation changes. 2/6  Key Concepts in Groundwater and Flood Management Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7f4xq 15. land subsidence The gradual sinking of land. The condition may result from the removal of groundwater or oil, which is frequently instrumental in supporting the overlying rock and soil. 16. Dacy's law Describes groundwater flow based on hydraulic gradients. 17. Groundwater Movement of water through soil and rock layers. flow 18. Hydraulic head the potential energy available to drive the flow of a given volume of groundwater at a location. Height of water col- umn, indicating potential energy. 19. Cubic law Describes flow rate proportional to the cube of radius. 20. principles of stormwater man- agement 21. Extreme events Rare, severe weather occurrences impacting hydrology. 22. atmospheric narrow band of intense atmospheric moisture deliver in- rivers tense storms (rain and snow) 23. Contamination of groundwater by harmful substances. 3/6  Key Concepts in Groundwater and Flood Management Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7f4xq Groundwater pol- lution 24. groundwater diffusion, advection, mechanical dispersion, and hydrody- transport namic dispersion mechanisms 25. What is advec- transfer of moisture through horizontal movements of air. tion? 26. what is mechani- As water flows around grains, it goes left or right and cal dispersion? spreads out 27. what is hydro- spreading of a solute in a fluid as it flows through a porous dynamic disper- medium or along a channel sion? 28. Average lin- Rate of groundwater flow, typically in meters per day. ear velocity of groundwater flow 29. Protection zones Areas designated to safeguard water sources from conta- voss mination. 30. River discharge Quantification of river flow, usually in cubic meters per measurements second. 31. slope stability the potential of soil covered slopes to withstand and undergo movement. equation = safety factor = resisting forces/driving forces 32. Specific yield Ratio of water that drains from saturated soil. s=ne in unconfined aquifer 33. Storativity Volume of water stored per unit area per unit change in head. 4/6  Key Concepts in Groundwater and Flood Management Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7f4xq 34. Soil moisture Water held in soil, crucial for plant growth. 35. Infiltration rate Speed at which water enters soil, measured in mm/hr. 36. Groundwater Assessment of physical, chemical, and biological water quality properties. 37. Ghy- Describes relationship between freshwater and saltwater ben-Hertzberg in aquifers. principle 38. Landslide Downward movement of rock or soil due to gravity. 39. landslide types falls, topples, spreads, slides, flows, or deformation. Vary depending on debris involved 40. landslide causes slope angle, removal of vegetation, weathering, undercut- ting, slope composition, rainfall, slope changes 41. landslide trig- increase in pore water pressure, earthquake shaking, hu- gers man activity 42. Field methods Techniques used for collecting data in natural environ- ments. 43. what are the sea- sonal changes in groundwater lev- el? 44. Voss very susceptible to flooding. water tunnel and culverts to handle flooding. High Floods 2014-2022 5/6  Key Concepts in Groundwater and Flood Management Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7f4xq 45. bømoen Contaminated soil, military activity, mitigation. use of a well field, excavation of polluted soil 46. Mjelstad protect groundwater with geological or artificial barrier 47. Bryggen subsidence. use of SUDs 48. Mindemyren NBS (nature-based) ecosystems and the services they provide to address societal challenges such as climate change 49. examples of field MDP infiltration, Floatation, salt dilution, VA method, grain methods size analysis 6/6