Groundwater and Flood Management Quiz

Groundwater and Flood Management

• Aquifer: Underground layer storing significant water resources.
• Unconfined aquifer: Aquifer made of porous rock, with water able to flow easily.
• Confined aquifer: Aquifer surrounded by impermeable rock or clay, hindering water flow.
• Aquifuge: Formation that neither contains nor transmits significant quantities of water.
• Aquiclude: Body of rock that absorbs water slowly, without fast transmission.
• Aquitard: Low permeability geologic unit storing water but transmitting it slowly.
• Porosity: Volume of voids within soil/rock; affects water storage (Vv/Vt).
• Hydraulic conductivity: Soil's ability to transmit water (measured in m/s; q=ki= Q/A).
• Flood hydrograph: Graph depicting river discharge over time during floods.
• Sustainable Drainage Systems (SUDS): Systems effectively managing stormwater.
• Examples of SUDS: Permeable pavements, swales, wet and dry basins.
• Flood frequency analysis: Predicting flood frequency of a specific magnitude.
• Recurrence interval: Average time between events of a certain magnitude.
• Water balance equation: Equation describing inflow, outflow, and storage changes.
• Land subsidence: Gradual sinking of land due to groundwater or oil removal.
• Darcy's law: Describes groundwater flow based on hydraulic gradients.
• Groundwater flow: Movement of water through soil and rock layers.
• Hydraulic head: Potential energy to drive groundwater flow (height of water column).
• Cubic law: Describes flow rate proportion to cube of radius.
• Principles of stormwater management: Methods to manage stormwater.
• Extreme events: Rare, severe weather occurrences impacting hydrology.
• Atmospheric rivers: Narrow bands of intense moisture delivering intense storms.
• Groundwater contamination: Contamination of groundwater by harmful substances.
• Groundwater transport mechanisms: Diffusion, advection, mechanical and hydrodynamic dispersion.
• Advection: Moisture transfer through horizontal air movement.
• Mechanical dispersion: Spreading of solute as it flows through a porous medium.
• Hydrodynamic dispersion: Spreading of solute in a fluid as it flows.
• Average linear velocity of groundwater flow: Rate of groundwater flow, typically in meters per day.
• Protection zones (VOSS): Areas designated for safeguarding water sources from contamination.
• River discharge measurements: Quantification of river flow (usually in cubic meters per second).
• Slope stability: Potential of soil-covered slopes to withstand movement.
• Specific yield: Ratio of water draining from saturated soil in unconfined aquifers.
• Storativity: Volume of water per unit area per unit change in head, during storage changes.
• Soil moisture: Water held in soil, crucial for plant growth.
• Infiltration rate: Speed of water entering soil.
• Groundwater quality: Assessment of physical, chemical, and biological water properties.
• Ghyben-Herzberg principle: Relationship between freshwater and saltwater in aquifers.
• Landslide: Downward movement of rock or soil due to gravity.
• Landslide types: Falls, topples, spreads, slides, flows, and deformations, varying by debris.
• Landslide causes: Slope angle, vegetation removal, weathering, undercutting, slope composition, rainfall, earthquakes, and human activity.
• Landslide triggers: Factors initiating a landslide.
• Field methods: Techniques to collect data in natural environments.
• Seasonal groundwater level changes: Seasonal variations in the groundwater level.
• VOSS (Protection Zone): Designated area for safe guarding of water sources.
• ** Bømoen:** Contaminated soil, mitigation, and well field use.
• Mjelstad: Protecting groundwater with barriers.
• Bryggen: Subsidence, and use of SUDS.
• Mindemyren: Nature-based ecosystems for climate change solutions.
• Examples of field methods: Methods for analysis, such as MDP, infiltration, floatation, salt dilution, and grain size analysis.

Test your knowledge on groundwater concepts and flood management strategies. This quiz covers various types of aquifers, hydraulic conductivity, and sustainable drainage systems. Challenge yourself with questions on flood hydrographs and water storage capacities.