Human Development FINAL EXAM Study Guide PDF

CHAPTER 10,11,12 „Explain how playing with peers may help children to learn, build muscles and develop self-control. „Describe the different types of plan and the benefits of rough-and-tumble play. „Describe how children learn from sociodramatic play. „Explain why many experts want to limit children...

CHAPTER 10,11,12 „Explain how playing with peers may help children to learn, build muscles and develop self-control. „Describe the different types of plan and the benefits of rough-and-tumble play. „Describe how children learn from sociodramatic play. „Explain why many experts want to limit children’s screen time. „Explain how children develop empathy and antipathy as they play with one another. „Explain the connection between empathy and prosocial behavior. „Explain how childhood health habits affect adult health. „Explain why social comparison is powerful during middle childhood. „Describe types of children that are bullied and what consequences come from bullying in schools „Identify and describe the factors that help children become resilient. „Explain the importance of family and siblings in middle childhood. „Define Developmental Psychopathology and explain what disorders are looked at in middle childhood and adolescence „Distinguish between ADHD and autism spectrum disorder „Explain Kohlberg’s three levels of moral reasoning using your own example. „Explain some criticisms or drawbacks of Kohlberg’s theory. „Identify the three common values seen in school-age children. „Explain the advances in moral thought from the beginning to the end of middle childhood CHAPTER 14,15,16 „Explain the growth pattern in adolescent bodies. „Explain how hormones affect the physical and psychological aspects of puberty. „Explain why adolescents experience sudden, intense emotions. „Explain how circadian rhythms affect adolescents and identify the consequences of sleep deprivation. „Explain why problems caused by adolescent sexuality have decreased in the last few decades. „Egocentrism, Imaginary audience, personal fables „Identify the advantages of using inductive rather than deductive reasoning. „Explain how intuition and analysis can lead to contrasting conclusions. „Identify why people prefer either the intuitive or the analytic mode of thinking. „Explain how the intuitive style of thinking increases risk taking. „Technology, sexting, digital native „Describe how puberty affects one’s ability to learn. „Describe identity formation and the types of identity in adolescence as well as its importance „Describe Marcia’s theory and the difference between identity foreclosure and identity moratorium. „Explain how parent–adolescent relationships change over time and identify the conditions under which parental monitoring is a sign of a healthy parent– adolescent relationship. „Describe the differences between peer and parent influences for adolescents. „Know about the types of romantic relationships adolescence form „Discuss sexuality in adolescence „Describe some successful methods to reduce adolescent drug use. CHAPTER 17,18,19 „Explain why maximum physical strength is usually attained in emerging adulthood. „Explain how homeostasis and allostasis are apparent in the humans. „Identify the three commonly cited reasons to have sexual intercourse. „Describe the usual pattern of well-being during emerging adulthood. „Explain why depressed people tend not to seek help. „Identify one common anxiety disorder in the United States. „Explain what evidence suggests that schizophrenia is not based solely on genes. „Identify the social benefits of risk taking „Explain the differences among drug use, abuse, and addiction „Explain why scholars chose the term postformal to describe the fifth stage of cognition. „Differentiate between postformal thinking and typical adolescent thought „Describe the relationship between thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. „Describe how combining subjective and objective thought is an example of dialectical thought. „Identify the economic benefits of a college education. „Describe how diversity affects learning in college. „Describe the usual path of self-esteem from adolescence through emerging adulthood and the role of families and peers „Explain why researchers believe that personality can change. „Describe the three aspects of love proposed by Steinberg. CHAPTER 20,21,22 „Describe the aspects of appearance and sensory experiences that signify that a person is aging. „Explain what longitudinal research on IQ throughout adulthood usually finds. „Explain why a person may prefer to have greater crystallized intelligence than fluid intelligence. „Describe the different kinds of tests that could measure creative intelligence. „Explain the connection between stress and health. „Describe some situations that are best suited for emotion-focused coping. „Describe some situations in which problem-focused coping is an appropriate choice. „Explain how personality differs from temperament! What is the current view of personality, OCEAN? „Explain what all people strive for, according to Maslow and describe the three needs of adults, according to Erikson „Describe the roles friends play in a person’s life. „Describe the usual relationship between adult children and their parents „Describe the different ways in which parenthood satisfies the need to be generative „Explain why it is a mistake to call middle-aged adults the “sandwich generation.” as well as the other myths of adulthood „Describe the extrinsic and intrinsic rewards of employment. CHAPTER 23,24,25,26 „Explain the similarities and differences among ageism, racism, and sexism. „Explain whether there is any harm in being especially kind to people who are old and how cultural differences effect our view of aging. „Explain how elderspeak is an example of ageism. „Explain the benefits and risks of exercise during aging „How do our cells change as we age? And the aging brain (cognitive chapter) „Describe what studies of the very old suggest about the attitudes of other people toward elders „Describe what is encouraging and discouraging about the formation of new neurons in adulthood „Explain how sensory loss affects cognition. „Describe the type of things that become harder to remember with age. „Explain why some elderly people resist learning strategies for memory retrieval. „Describe how output may be affected by the aging process. „Describe the changes that have occurred in the prevalence of neurocognitive disorders in recent years. „Explain and understand the three NCDs most relevant to aging „Explain how the progression of Alzheimer’s differs from that of vascular disease. „Explain the ways in which frontotemporal NCDs are worse than Alzheimer’s disease. „Describe some conditions in addition to disease that affect major NCD. „Explain how successful scientists are at preventing major NCD. „Explain the relationship between depression, anxiety, and neurocognitive disorders. „Describe the changes in creative ability as people grow older. „Describe why a person would keep working after age 65. „Describe the advantages of the positivity effect „Explain how retirement affects the health of people who have worked all their lives. „Describe who is more likely to volunteer and explain why. „Explain the type of grandparenting that seems to benefit both generations the most. „Explain how friendship differs depending on an adult’s age. „Describe the factors that make an older person frail. „Explain why IADLs might be more important than ADLs in deciding whether a person needs care. „Describe what parents should remember when talking with children about death „Describe the concept of a good death. „Describe the five stages of emotions associated with dying according to Kübler-Ross’s conception of death and dying. „Describe the types of agencies that assist with death experiences people have (also how the culture and the place you life can affect theses) „Describe grief, and explain its major signs. Explain how a grieving person can find meaning in death