Human Anatomy.pdf

Biology 230 Human Anatomy  Anatomy The art of separating the parts of an organism in order to ascertain their position, relations, & structure Cutting something up to see what’s inside – structure  Types of anatomy Microscopic anatomy – Cytology-internal...

Biology 230 Human Anatomy  Anatomy The art of separating the parts of an organism in order to ascertain their position, relations, & structure Cutting something up to see what’s inside – structure  Types of anatomy Microscopic anatomy – Cytology-internal structure of cells – Histology-study of tissues (groups of cells) Gross anatomy – Surface anatomy – Regional anatomy – Systemic anatomy  Gross anatomy Surface anatomy-anatomy that we can see at the surface of the body (everyday life) Regional anatomy-complete anatomy (internal) of a specific region of the body (learning every blood vessel, muscle, bones, etc. in the arm)-medical school Systemic anatomy-the body is divided into 11 organ systems-(our class) Gross anatomy of the eye Histology of the eye Cytology of the eye  Physiology A branch of biology that deals with the functions & activities of life or of living matter (as organs, tissues, or cells) & of the physical & chemical phenomena involved How does a cell/organ work? – function  Structure follows function The anatomy (shape/position/structure) of an structure is designed to fulfill it’s function (physiology) The anatomy of the ribs protect the organs in the chest cavity. Strong bone protecting soft tissue. The branching of blood vessel allows the cardiovascular system to deliver blood to all cells of the body Internal anatomy of a kidney  Levels of Organization least complex most complex Chemical level>cellular level>Tissue level>Organ level>Organ system level>Organism level Fig 1.4  Chemicals-elements & molecules Cells-the subunits of an organism Tissues-collection of similar types of cells Organs-collection of tissues (not all the same type) –has a specific function Organ systems-many organs working together to carry out bodily functions Organism-a individual living being  Chemical level Fig 1.3 CHON-most abundant elements Cellular level Smooth muscle tissue  Vital properties and process of living organisms Read page 6 in text- Responsiveness Growth & Differentiation Reproduction Movement Metabolism & Excretion Homeostasis  Systemic anatomy The body has 11 organ systems Each organ system has a number of organs within the system Each organ has a specific function The organs work together to give the organ system its function Functions of the 11 organ systems Integumentary-protection from the environment, helps control body temperature, energy storage Skeletal-support, protection of soft tissues, mineral storage, blood cell formation Muscular-locomotion, support posture, heat production------skeletal muscle  Nervous-directing immediate responses to stimuli by coordinating the actions of other organs Endocrine-directing long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems by release of hormones Cardiovascular-internal transport of cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, & gases  Lymphatic-defense against infection & disease Respiratory-delivery of air to where gas exchange can occur between the air & circulating blood Digestive-processing of food & absorption of organic nutrients, minerals, vitamins, & water  Urinary-elimination of excess water, salts, & waste products; controls pH of body fluids Reproductive-production of sex cells & hormones  Anatomical terminology Standardized anatomical language used to describe the body Anatomical position-standardized body position used to describe location of structures and movements of the body Fig 1.8 Fig 1.10  Fig 1.11 Oblique plane Protect internal organs Give organs space to change size & shape (expansion/contraction of the heart) Fig 1.13 Fig 1.14  Serous membranes Membranes lining ventral body cavities Secrete watery solution to protect walls of cavities and surfaces of internal organs Pleural membranes -pleural cavities Peritoneum membranes -abdominal cavity Pericardial membranes -pericardial cavity  Levels of Organization least complex most complex Chemical level>cellular level>Tissue level>Organ level>Organ system level>Organism level Fig 1.4 The Integumentary System Fig 1.6 Fig 1.6 Fig 1.6 Fig 1.6 The Cardiovascular System Fig 1.6 The Lymphatic System Fig 1.6 Fig 1.6 Fig 1.6 Fig 1.6 Fig 1.6 Fig 1.6  EXAM STYLE Station 2) (4 pts) a) Identify the anatomical landmark labeled “a”:___ b) Identify the anatomical landmark labeled “b”:___ c) Identify the anatomical landmark labeled “c”:___ d) Identify the anatomical landmark labeled “d”:___ Station 24) (4 pts) a) Identify the organelle labeled “a”:____________ a b) What is the function of the organ labeled “a”:_____ c) Identify the organelle labeled “b”:_____________ d) What is the function of the organ labeled “b”:_____ a Station 28) (6 pts) Essay Station 30) (5 pts) Multiple choice  Lab clean up- push in chairs & put away models at the end of each class! 10 minute break