Anatomy and Physiology Overview

Anatomy involves the study of an organism's structure by separating and examining its parts.
Divided into two main types: microscopic (cytology and histology) and gross anatomy.

Surface Anatomy: Visible external anatomy observable in daily life.
Regional Anatomy: Detailed anatomy specific to regions of the body (e.g., arm anatomy in medical schooling).
Systemic Anatomy: Organization based on 11 organ systems, covering interrelationships of organs.

Physiology studies the functions and activities of life within organs, tissues, and cells, focusing on how they work.
The principle "structure follows function" emphasizes that anatomical features are designed to enable specific functions.

Chemical Level: Composed of elements and molecules.
Cellular Level: Basic structural units of organisms.
Tissue Level: Group of similar cells performing a shared function.
Organ Level: Composed of different tissues working together for a specific function.
Organ System Level: Multiple organs collaborating to carry out complex bodily functions.
Organism Level: Entire living being.

CHON elements (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen) are the most abundant in living organisms.

Responsiveness, Growth & Differentiation, Reproduction, Movement, Metabolism & Excretion, and Homeostasis.

Integumentary System: Protects from the environment, regulates temperature, and stores energy.
Skeletal System: Provides support, protects soft tissues, stores minerals, and produces blood cells.
Muscular System: Enables movement, maintains posture, and generates heat.
Nervous System: Directs immediate responses to stimuli and coordinates organ actions.
Endocrine System: Manages long-term changes through hormone release.
Cardiovascular System: Transports materials such as nutrients and waste.
Lymphatic System: Offers defense against infections and diseases.
Respiratory System: Facilitates gas exchange between air and blood.
Digestive System: Processes food and absorbs vital nutrients.
Urinary System: Removes excess fluids and waste, regulates body pH.
Reproductive System: Produces sex cells and hormones.

Standardized language describes body locations and movements, utilizing the anatomical position as a reference.

Line ventral body cavities, secrete fluid to protect organ surfaces and cavity walls.
Key types include pleural (lungs), peritoneal (abdominal cavity), and pericardial (heart).

Familiarize yourself with identifying anatomical landmarks and organelles.
Prepare for multiple-choice questions and essay prompts to demonstrate understanding of anatomy and physiology.