Hum 1 Introduction To World Religion And Belief Systems - Christianity PDF

HUM 1 Start HUM 1 Introduction to World Religion and Belief Systems Strand : HUMSS Title: Christianity  HUM 1 02 Lesson Ob...

HUM 1 Start HUM 1 Introduction to World Religion and Belief Systems Strand : HUMSS Title: Christianity  HUM 1 02 Lesson Objectives At the end of this chapter, students will be able to: I. Examine the brief history, core teachings, fundamental beliefs, practices, and related issues of Christianity. HUM 1 03 OVERVIEW 01 What is Christianity 02 Sacred Text 03 Worship and Observances 04 Varieties or types of Christianity  HUM 1 04 What is Christianity  Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. Its adherents, known as Christians, believe that Jesus is the Christ, who’s coming as the messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible, called the Old Testament in Christianity, and chronicled in the New Testament.  Christianity is a religion that developed from Judaism; some of its first followers were originally Jews. What distinguishes Christians from Jews is that the former accepts Jesus Christ as the Messiah, or the Savior, while the latter considers Jesus as just another prophet of God, and the real Messiah is yet to come.  HUM 1 05 What is Christianity  The essential Christian beliefs are recorded in creeds, and there are different versions of such creeds. The common element, however, is the acknowledgement of the Holy Trinity – belief in God the Father, Jesus Christ the Son, and the Holy Spirit.  The God of Christianity is agreed to as having one entity, there are greater majority of Christians who believe that this God is a Trinitarian one: Father, Son and Spirit (Molloy 2005, 361,363).  HUM 1 06 What is Christianity It is the most widely practiced ICHTHYS religion in the world, with more than 2 “Jesus Christ, Son of God, billion followers. The Christian faith Savior” centers on beliefs regarding the birth, life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. While it started with a small group of adherents, many Cross Iseous Christos historians regard the spread and “the principal Theou Yios symbol of the adoption of Christianity throughout the Christian religion.” Soter world as one of the most successful spiritual missions in human history.  HUM 1 07 Who founded Christianity? Christianity began with Jesus’ ministry in 1st-century Judea. He was a Jewish teacher and healer who proclaimed God’s kingdom and was crucified around AD 30–33. His 12 disciples, later apostles, institutionalized Christianity. The Holy Spirit’s descent marked the birth of the Christian Church. After 40 years, both Judaism and Christianity thrived, but the latter spread through Paul’s missionary work in the Roman Empire.  HUM 1 08 Who founded Christianity? The Christian community is called the “church”. The word in Greek was ecclesia, those who were “called out”. They were called out in their former lives into a new community. The birth of Christianity or what is associated with as Church is given a full account in the Acts of the Apostles. Most of the first Christians were Jewish converts, and the church was centered in Jerusalem. Shortly after the creation of the church, many Gentiles (non-Jews) embraced Christianity.  HUM 1 09 Jesus of Nazareth Name: Jesus Birthday: December 25 (Christmas) Mother: Mary Poster Father: Joseph We know little of His childhood, except perhaps when He was found by His parents speaking with the teachers in the Temple of Jerusalem. He was 12 years old then. The next account of Jesus in the Gospel was during His baptism and His temptation in the desert for 40 days, which happened when he was about 30. From there, He began His public ministry, teaching the people of Israel.  HUM 1 10 Timeline of Significant Events in the History of Christianity Christianity began in the 1st century AD after Jesus died, as a small group of Jewish people in Judea, but quickly spread throughout the Roman empire. Despite early persecution of Christians, it later became the state religion. In the Middle Ages it spread into Northern Europe and Russia. HUM 1 11 Timeline of Significant Events in the History of Christianity TIME EVENT c.4 B.C.E.-c.29 C.E Life of Jesus c.4-64. C.E. Life of Paul Issuance of the Edict of Toleration by Constantine making 313 C.E. Christianity Legal 354-430 C.E. Life of Augustine 476 C.E. Collapse of the Roman Empire of the West c.480-c.547 C.E. Life of Benedict 638 C.E. Muslim conquest of Jerusalem 1054 C.E. Split between Eastern and Western Christianity 1099 Conquest of Jerusalem during the First Crusade 1347-1351 Black Death HUM 1 12 Timeline of Significant Events in the History of Christianity TIME EVENT 1453 Conquest of Constantinople by Muslim forces 1483-1546 Life of Martin Luther 1492 Expulsion of Jews and Muslim from Spain 1509-1564 Life of John Calvin 1517 Beginning of the Protestant Reformation 1534 Founding of the Church of England by King Henry VIII 1565 Christianity enters the Philippines 1805-1844 Life of Joseph Smith 11914 Founding of Iglesia Ni Cristo 1948 Founding of the World Council of Churches 1962-1965 Modernization of Catholicism by the Second Vatican Council  HUM 1 13 Sacred Text The sacred text of Christianity, the Bible, comes from the Latin and Greek words from “book” (biblia and biblios, respectively). It is a collection of 66 books written by various authors. It is divided into two parts:  The Old Testament, which also recognized by followers of Judaism, describe the history of the Jewish people, outlines specific laws to follow, details the lives of many prophets, and predict the coming of the Messiah. (39 Books)  The New Testament was written after Jesus’s death. The first four books – Matthew, Mark, Luke and John – are known as the “Gospels”, which means “good news”. These texts, composed sometime between 70 A.D. and 100 A.D., provide accounts of the life and death of Jesus. (27 Books)  HUM 1 14 Basic Teachings Jesus used parables – short stories with hidden messages – in his teachings. Some of the main themes that Jesus taught, which Christians later embraced, include: Love God. Love your neighbor as yourself. Forgive others who have wronged Repentance of sins is essential. you. Don’t be hypocritical. Love your enemies. Don’t judge others. Ask God for forgiveness of your The Kingdom of God is near. It’s not sins. the rich and powerful – but the Jesus is the Messiah and was given weak and poor–who will inherit this the authority to forgive others. kingdom  HUM 1 15 Worship and Observances  The 10 Commandments – Also known as Decalogue  Seven Sacraments 1. Baptism 2. Confirmation 3. Holy Communion 4. Confession 5. Matrimony 6. Holy Orders 7. Anointing of the Sick  HUM 1 16 Worship and Observances  Advent - A season of anticipation and preparation for the coming of Jesus Christ. It begins four Sundays before Christmas and ends on Christmas Eve.  Lent - A season of fasting, repentance, and spiritual renewal. It begins on Ash Wednesday and lasts for 40 days (excluding Sundays), leading up to Easter Sunday.  Pentecost - A celebration of the Holy Spirit's descent upon the disciples of Jesus, marking the birth of the Christian church. It occurs 50 days after Easter Sunday.  HUM 1 17 Varieties or types of Christianity  Roman Catholics Roman Catholic Church started what we call the Catholic Reformation or Counter Reformation, which began with the Council of Trent in 1545. They had to reform some of their own rigid doctrines to respond to the reforms of the Protestants. They affirmed Luther’s conviction that the scripture has binding authority, but the interpretations is entrusted to the Church officials, and not to individuals. Salvation is decided to require faith, hope, and love, as well as good deeds (Higgins 2007, 93). As a result of the Protestant Reformation, Catholicism defends the following beliefs and practices: the importance of good works, the value of tradition, a guided interpretation of the Bible, hierarchical authority, veneration of Mary and the saints, and the seven Sacrament.  HUM 1 18 Varieties or types of Christianity  Eastern Orthodox With the capital in Constantinople, the Eastern Roman Empire flourished, but at the cost of the political and military power of the Western Empire (Higgins 2007,76). When the Latin- speaking Western Roman Empire fell in the 5th century BCE, Western Christianity developed independently. The Greek- speaking Eastern empire developed its own form of Christianity until 1453. This Eastern Church is called Orthodox Church because they settled on traditional beliefs throughout its reign (Molloy 2005, 374).  HUM 1 19 Varieties or types of Christianity  Protestant Reformation The Protestants seek to find what is essential to the Christian experience. It places great emphasis on the individual’s own ability to establish a personal relationship with God summarized terms of return to simple Christianity, the centrality of Jesus, the guidance of the Bible, the importance of faith, direct relationship with God, and the value of individual judgement. HUM 1 20 Varieties or types of Christianity Under Protestant Reformation 1. Lutheranism 5. Calvinism 2. Anglicanism 6. Seventh Day Adventism 3. Latter-Day Saints 7. Quakerism 4. Presbyterianism HUM 1 Finish THANK YOU! Do you have any Question? Subject : HUM 1 Title: Christianity