Week 7: Comparative Analysis of Abrahamic Religions (PDF)

INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIGIONS AND BELIEF SYSTEM WEEK 7 GRADE 11 1 MCA Montessori School, Inc. “WEEK 7”  CHAPTER 7: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS CHAPTER 7: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS (ABRAHAMIC...

INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIGIONS AND BELIEF SYSTEM WEEK 7 GRADE 11 1 MCA Montessori School, Inc. “WEEK 7”  CHAPTER 7: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS CHAPTER 7: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS (ABRAHAMIC RELIGIONS) Prepared by Adrian M. Borinaga  TOPIC CHRISTIANITY ISLAM JUDAISM From the Greek: Derived from an From the Hebrew: Christos ‘Anointed’ Arabic word for Yehudim, ‘Judah’. Origin of the – referring to Jesus ‘submission’. Also Name Christ related to the Arabic word salaam, ‘peace’. Jesus Christ Muhammad Abraham (First Founder (c. 4 B.C. – 30 A.D) (570 – 632 CE) Patriach, born c. 1800 B.C) Three main groups: Two main groups: Three main groups: Divisions Orthodox, Protestant Sunni and Shi’a. Orthodox, Reform and Roman Catholic. and Conservative.  TOPIC CHRISTIANITY ISLAM JUDAISM Followers 2.5 Billion 1. 9 Billion 14.6 Million (as of 2023) One God, who One God (Arabic: One God (known in exists in three Allah), who is not a English as ‘Yahweh’ distinct persons (The trinity. The Islamic or ‘Jehovah’) - “… Nature of God Trinity): Father, Son view if God is called Hear Israel, the Lord and Holy Spirit strict Monotheism is our God, the Lord (Matthew 28:19) (Qur’an 112:1) is one” (Deuteronomy 6:4) The Bible, given by God to The Qur’an or Koran, The Hebrew Tanakh, man. revealed to the prophet similar to the Christian Holy Book/s The Bible writers were Muhammad over a period Old Testament, comprised inspired by God in their of about 20 years. of the Torah, Nevi’im and writings. Ketuvim.  TOPIC CHRISTIANITY ISLAM JUDAISM The second person of A prophet sent by Allah An ordinary Jew, not Trinity and born of the and born of the Virgin the Messiah or a divine Jesus Christ Virgin Mary. Mary, but not divine person. (Qur’an 5:17) To reconcile Man to To proclaim the Injil, or As Judaism rejects the God, through his death gospel. This gospel has idea of Jesus as Messiah, Jesus Christ, as a sacrifice for the sins been corrupted his mission is of no The Mission of of all mankind. overtime by human additions and relevance. alterations. “… For our sake he was Jesus was not crucified Jesus was crucified for his crucified… he suffered (Qur’an 4:157) but was claim to be divine. Jesus Christ, death and was buried. On raised to Heaven The Death of the third day he rose again… he ascended into physically by Allah ( 4:158). heaven…” (Nicene Creed)  TOPIC CHRISTIANITY ISLAM JUDAISM We inherit a sinful nature There is no concept of Judaism rejects the through our common original sin, nor vicarious doctrine of original sin. ancestor Adam, who atonement. All humans Sin rebelled against God. are born sinless, but human weakness leads to sin. By grace through faith in Achieved through good Through good works, Jesus Christ (Ephesians works, thus personal prayers and the grace of Salvation 2:8-9). righteousness must God. outweigh personal sin (Qur’an 23:101-103). A place of everlasting A place of torment and fire Traditionally, there is the punishment for the (Qur’an 25:65, 104:6-7). In concept of Gehinnom or unrighteous (Matthew Islam Hell is known as Gehenna, those who die in Hell 25:46) There is no Jahannam. sin may suffer punishment crossover between Heaven temporarily. and Hell.  TOPIC CHRISTIANITY ISLAM JUDAISM Adherents Called Christians Muslims Jews c. 1800 BCE (Abraham). 6th cent. BCE (Pentateuch); or Date Founded c. 30 CE 622 CE 70 CE (destruction of Second Temple) Southern Levant Southern Levant (Modern-day Israel, (Modern-day Israel, Place Founded Arabian Peninsula Palestine, and Palestine, and Jordan) Jordan) Original Aramaic and Greek Arabic Hebrew Languages Founders & Early Jesus, Peter, Paul Muhammad Abraham and Moses Leaders  TOPIC CHRISTIANITY ISLAM JUDAISM Whitin 60 years, Within 12 years, Little expansion; churches in major entire Arabian mostly confined to cities in Palestine, peninsula; within Palestine area Expansions Turkey, Greece and 100 years, Muslim throughout history. Rome; entire world stretched Roman Empire by from the Atlantic to end of 4th cent. China. Catholic – Shi’a – Sunni (c. 650 Reform – Orthodox Orthodox CE) (1800s CE) Schisms (1054): Catholic – Protestant (1500s) Roman Catholic; Sunni, Shi’a, Sufism Orthodox, Reform, Eastern Orthodox; Conservative Branches Protestant  TOPIC CHRISTIANITY ISLAM JUDAISM Canonical; called Noncanonical and Hebrew Bible “the Old corrupted but useful Canonical Testament” as an inspired text Noncanonical and Noncanonical New Testament Canonical corrupted but useful but useful as an inspired text Apostle’s Creed, 13 Articles of Creeds Six Articles of Faith Nicene Creed Faith Canon Law Religious Law Sharia Halakhah (Catholicism)  TOPIC CHRISTIANITY ISLAM JUDAISM Spiritual Angels and Angels, Demons, Angles and Beings Demons Jinn Demon Saints. Church Prophets; Imam Prophets Revered Fathers (especially in Shi’a Humans Islam) Jesus Christ is the Sunni: the Madhi the Messiah will Messiah awaited (Messiah) will come come in the by the Jews in the future; future identity is known Messiah only to Allah; Shi'a was born in 869, is now the Hidden Imam  TOPIC CHRISTIANITY ISLAM JUDAISM Second Coming Affirmed Affirmed Denied of Jesus Through Prophets Through Prophets, and Jesus (as God Muhammad, recorded in Revelations Himself), recorded in recorded in Hebrew Bible Bible Qur’an Resurrection of body Eternal Not emphasized; and soul; eternal Paradise or views vary: no heaven or hell (most Eternal Hell afterlife, shadowy Afterlife denominations); existence, world temporary purgatory to Come, (Catholicism) Gehenna  TOPIC CHRISTIANITY ISLAM JUDAISM Respected as fellow False “People of the Book” but interpretation View of True Religion have wrong beliefs and and expansion of Christianity only partial, corrupted Judaism. revelation. False Respected as a fellow interpretation monotheistic religion View of Islam and expansion of but Muhammad is not Judaism seen as a true prophet Respected as fellow “People of the Book” but View of True religion but with have wrong beliefs and True Religion Judaism incomplete revelation only partial, corrupted revelation.  TOPIC CHRISTIANITY ISLAM JUDAISM Church, Chapel, House of Synagogue, Cathedral, Basilica, Mosque Worship Temple, Schul Meeting hall Day of Worship Sunday Friday Saturday Priest, Bishop, Archbishop, Clergy Patriarch, Pope, Imams Rabbis Pastor, Minister, Preacher, Deacon  TOPIC CHRISTIANITY ISLAM JUDAISM Head Covered Generally, Yes Generally, No Yes During Prayer (especially men) Eid-al-Fitr, Eid-al- Yom Kippur, Lent, Holy Week, Major Holidays Adha, month of Days of Awe, Easter Ramadan Passover Other Holidays Christmas, Saint days Mawlid, Ashura Chanukah, Purim Cross, Dove, Anchor, Star and Crescent; Star of David, Fish, Alpha/Omega, Name of Allah in Chai, Hamsa, Symbols Chi-rho Arabic; Color Tree green; Mosque silhouette  REFERENCES Mejia, Reynaldo S., Introduction to World Religious and Belief System https://www.luc.edu/ccih/catholicismindialogue/archive/yearofmercyseptember292016.shtml https://www.learnreligions.com/monotheistic-religions-overview-95935 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews https://www.freepik.com/icon/cross_104523 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Star_and_Crescent.svg World Religions Map | PBS LearningMedia. (2015). PBS LearningMedia. https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/sj14-soc-religmap/world-religions-map/ WRBS11 Q3 Mod3 Comparative Analysis of Judaism Christianity and Islam Copy. (2021). Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/document/526845570/WRBS11-Q3-Mod3-Comparative-Analysis-of-Judaism- Christianity-and-Islam-Copy THANK YOU!!! MCA Montessori School, Inc. “WEEK 7” 16