HUM 1ST QUARTER PDF

INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE CONTEMPORARY ARTS Architecture - These are structures that meant to be used as shelter. The art of architecture relies on the Lesson 1...

INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE CONTEMPORARY ARTS Architecture - These are structures that meant to be used as shelter. The art of architecture relies on the Lesson 1 design and purpose of the structure. What is Contemporary Art? Music - This is the art form that appeals to the sense of hearing. Music is composed by combining notes Art made and produced by artists living today. - J. into harmony. Paul Getty Museum Literature - This is the art form of language through Art is timeless because Art originates from the people. the combined use of words, creating meaning and CONTEMPORARY ART (mirrors contemporary culture and experience. society.) Theater - This is the art form of performance. Dramatic texts are portrayed on stage by actors and actresses Do not fear that art is limited to the artistic and creative and are enhanced by props, lights, and sounds because the need for art, be it the producer or the Cinema - This art form is a technological translation consumer of it, is stemmed in all people; the need for of theater. In films, special effects are utilized to beauty and expression is in you. enhance the storytelling. ART may be defined as a human pursuit to imitate life Dance - This is the art of the human form. The body and the world into something pleasing or beautiful. is used, mobilized, and choreographed in a specific Mimesis time, form, and space Mimesis is the imitation of life in art and literature. You Philippine Art as Filipino know your painting exhibits mimesis when the viewers “The idea was that the depiction of scenes of try to pick the flowers from the canvas. The word is everyday life and the surroundings without idealizing Greek and means “imitation” (though in the sense of them was closest in spirit to the Filipino soul and “re-presentation” rather than of “copying”). native soil.” — Leo Benesa The subject and medium are two elements of art that help As long as the work shows the Filipino way of living in experiencing life, the world, and its beauty. (e.g., spending a day in the market, doing laundry in the river, or attending a fiesta in the town), it is Subject - which you intend to be an accurate “closest in spirit to the Filipino soul and native soil.” representation of the scene refers to the main idea But Benesa also said, “... without idealizing them,” that is represented in the artwork basically the by which he meant that the artwork should not be essence of the piece. represented as perfect. Vision - different materials or supplies that an artist Both the subject and the medium of these artworks utilizes in order to create a work of art. dictate the authenticity of the artworks produced by Forms of Artistic Expression Filipino artists. Amorsolo’s works as the “most expressive of the (Because it is human nature to create art, here are THE ethos of the race and the predominantly agricultural FORMS OF ARTISTIC EXPRESSION that humans have been countryside.” able to produce) Benesa descriptions on Amorsolo’s works Drawing, Painting, Printmaking & Photography - This is a two-dimensional image of various subjects Most of Amorsolo’s paintings depict life in the fields. ranging from real-life images to the visually abstract. The men and women are portrayed in hard work but It may be created using different media such as chalk, with smiles in their faces. charcoal, graphite, ink, oil paint, and watercolor. The landscape in an Amorsolo painting features the Sculpture - This is a three-dimensional artwork that rural lands of the Philippines, where the scene is may be created using stone, marble, wood, and mostly covered by vegetation and nature. concrete THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE ART Lesson 2 The history of the Philippines from 1521 was marred with Carving in the Cordilleras focus on the Anito figures a series of invasions and occupations from the coming of called the bulul, which they believe has their ancestral the Spaniards, to the Americans and the Japanese in the spirits and gods. In the south, the Maranao and Second World War. Freedom was regained only after the Tausug have their okir which are ornate curvilinear liberation from the Japanese in 1946 at the end of the war. designs carved in woods such as the sarimanok is a Our history as a nation was a story of four centuries of bird painted in multicolor and the pako rabong which conquest is a fern with a broad base. PHILIPPINE HISTORICAL TIMELINE Jewelry PRE-COLONIAL - BEFORE 1521 Pre-colonial dwellers adorn themselves with highly HISPANIC PHILIPPINES - 1521-1898 intricate ornaments made of precious metals such as AMERICAN - 1898-1939 gold. Communities from the Cordillera have the JAPANESE OCCUPATION - 1940-1945 lingling-o which signifies fertility. The Tboli wear the most splendid ornaments made of PRE-COLONIAL ART brass such as multicolored beads for neckpieces, LITERATURE earrings, bracelets and anklets. Our pre-colonial, ethnic literature is a rich repository of These body ornaments please the gods as well as ideals and cultural practices evident in folk speeches, folk signify social status. songs, folk narratives and indigenous rituals as well as Dances dances that show our ties with our Southeast Asian These are performed during special occasions such neighbors. as birth, baptism, circumcision, puberty rites, FOLK SPEECHES courtship, weddings, during illness and death. Tribal These are riddles which has the talinghaga or metaphor activities also require such art and include hunting, as two different obiects and therefore test the keen fishing, rice planting, harvest time and engagement in analytical ability of the listener. Such is known as the tigmo tribal wars. During these rituals a mandadawak, in Cebuano, bugtong in Tagalog, paktakon in Ilongo and bayok, catalonan or babaylan enters a trance while patototdon in Bicol. the shaman offers sacrifices. PROVERBS OR APHORISMS Tagbanua of Palawan - A ritual is performed by These encapsulate the rules of conduct and community dancing and shaking both hands with the ugsang or beliefs which instill values though short verses with rhyme palm leaves that is full of wisdom. Such is the tanaga, which has Aetas of Zambales - Tribal dances which are insights and lessons on life according to life experiences. considered proto-dramas and are playful imitations of FOLK SONG - is a folk lyric expressing the relationships, animal movements such as the monkey and fish. lessons about aspirations of people in the community. Mindanao - The hawk dances are performed by the Often, they are repetitive, sonorous, didactic as well as Higaonan. naïve Tausug and Samal - The monkey and butterfly dances FOLK NARRATIVES - are epics and folk tales such as that express pre-colonial beliefs legends which explains the origin of the world, places, animals and other creations. HISPANIC CONQUEST POTTERY - is one of the most ancient arts during the pre- POETRY - Religious poetry during Hispanic rules was either colonial Philippines. Lyrics or Narratives, Ladinos or interpreters translates Manunggul Jar - was excavated in Palawan during the Spanish verses into Tagalog and were used in Catechisms 8th century BC and reflects a high degree of artistry Prose - Religious narrative prose consists of those written Weaving - It evolved from the pre-colonial to prescribe proper behavior. They were channels for communities and has been a traditional source of instruction in the Catholic faith and for colonialization of living. Communities from the Cordillera of the north are the students in all Catholic schools. well-known for this art. They produce textiles and Printing - was done through the xylographic method using blankets with a backstrap loom for daily needs as well woodblocks and the Spaniards have published the first as for use in their rituals and religious rites book, the Doctrina Christiana en lengua española y tagala Sculpture (Christian Doctrine in the Spanish and Tagalog who have captured bright sparkling colors and the Languages). bursting sunlight in their artworks. Victorio Edades AMERICAN COLONIZATION painted those that depict people in sweat and grime Literary Art working. The figures were distorted and naked. His The development of free verse, modern short story works were considered the first ever modernist and the critical essay which were written in English. painting. The arrival of the Americans altered the course of JAPANESE PERIOD Philippine Literature. It’s influence was greatly carried Poetry out through the educational system which imposed In poetry, the usual theme was about love of country, English as medium of instruction. rural life, religion and arts. The most common were Free Verse - This became a hallmark of modern poetry the Haiku which a poem of free-verse. It is short but through the writing of ‘Like the Molave’ by Rafael covers a very wide meaning. Similar to this is the Zulueta da Costain, 1940 which topped all other entries Tanaga that is short but with rhyme and measure. in the Commonwealth Literary Contest. Drama Banaag at sikat - These were written in English and This experienced setbacks as most movie houses have proliferated as literature was infused with showing American films became venues for stage American pop culture. shows. Many of the plays shown were reproductions Anino ng kahapon - Though the Filipino novel in of English plays translated into Tagalog. It was during English was scarce enriched Philippine literature this time that the 'Dramatic Philippines was established through free verse and literary criticism. by Francisco So Rodrigo, Alberto Concio, and Narciso Essays - The entry of modernism provided an Pimentel. Some playwriters include Jose Ma. alternative to the conventions. Essays as an offshoot Hernandez and Tulian Cruz Balmaceda. flourished which were formal, informal and even Music humorous as promoted by the likes of Carlos P. Japanese music was imposed and heard in radio Romulo, Jorge Bocobo etc. These essays embarked broadcasts. These were also taught in public schools on the social, political and economic realities of those despite inattention of the Filipino students. The times Japanese government held lectures on Oriental Music Performing Arts to allow appreciation of Asian and not Western Music. The American Colonial traditions highly influenced The Metropolitan Theater became a very important Philippine theater as seen in the 'Bodabil' which was venue where concerts were held as a form of introduced in the 1920s from the U.S. entertainment for the Filipinos. Opera and in general Vaudeville is a comedy skit with songs and dances classical music flourished during these times which showcasing anything that is popular in America. even gave rise to the Philippine Philharmonic Because of this Filipino performers as they imitate the Orchestra comprised largely of Filipinos. original become natural 'Americans.’ Paintings The likes of Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero's Three Rats in 1948 These art forms were used to produce materials for and Nick Joaquin's 'A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino in propaganda. Leaflets, flyers and posters which were 1955, which depicts the tragedy of two unmarried graphically designed to carrying propaganda slogans sisters in the Spanish City of Intramuros, who are little sending messages pushing for cooperation between brown Americans' clinging to a European culture. Japanese and Japan; Visual Arts - The American colonial strategy was Sculpture implemented through the public school system. In the Luz and Eduardo Castrillo created large-scale outdoor visual arts illustrations and cartoons for the American- sculptures while others produced abstract, minimalist controlled textbooks and publications became a and geometric sculptures. Local materials were used necessity for distribution in the public schools. such as burlap and coconut shell. Advertising and commercial designs, landscapes Abstractionists prominent during the Japanese became in demand. occupation are Nestor Vinluan and Phyllis Zaballero, Painting - Modernism was introduced by Amorsolo and both works on figures which had elements and colors Edades in this form of art, the first Filipino painters that are symbolic and of high emotions  Sculptures during those times manifest the absence o 7 for film of peace and the presence of chaos as evident in the o 13 individuals for music distorted and emotional figures. o 14 for literature NATIONAL ARTIST o 17 for visual arts PROCESS OF NOMINATION AND CONFERMENT OF THE LESSON 3 ORDER Contemporary Filipino artists have a responsibility to 1. The order of National Artist Secretariat create art that would enlighten the people of the current (CCP/NCCA) announces opening for nominations. conditions of the society. 2. NCCA and CCP receive nominations: screen and Social & Political Relevance deliberate. 3. The NCCA and CCP submit a list of The NATIONAL ARTIST AWARD is a great honor given recommendees to the President to the Filipino whose life and works have contributed 4. The president issues a proclamation conferring to the advancement of the country’s arts and letters. the rank and title on the recommendees. Raising it to the level of a Cultural Order and equal in 5. The order of National Artist conferred during rank to the Order of National Scientists and the Gawad ceremonies organized by the secretariat sa Manlilikha ng Bayan. The National Artist Award was Qualifications For The National Artist thereby renamed the Order of National Artists (Orden 1. Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining). of nomination, as well as those who died after the The Order of National Artists is the highest recognition establishment of the award in 1972 but were given to Filipinos who have contributed significantly to Filipino citizens at the time of their death; the status of Philippine arts, such as music, visual arts, 2. Artists who, through the content and form of their literature, film, broadcast arts, theater, dance, works, have contributed in building a Filipino architecture, design, and allied arts. The recognition is sense of nationhood; sparsely given to artists, with awards sometimes taking place years apart. 3. Artists who have pioneered in a mode of creative Since its inception in 1972, only 73 individuals have expression or style, thus earning distinction and been conferred this highest honor of becoming a making an impact on succeeding generations of National Artist of the Philippines. Of that number, 26 artists; were awarded posthumously, including the first 4. Artists who have created a substantial and National Artist, Fernando Amorsolo. significant body of work and/or consistently Originally, the recognition was called National Artists displayed excellence in the practice of their art Award, until it was elevated in 2003 by then-President form thus enriching artistic expression or style; Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to the rank of Order. The and Order is conferred to individuals by the National Commission for the Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and 5. Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through: the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) at a o national and/or international recognition, ceremony in Malacañang Palace. such as the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining, The rank and title of a National Artist, although CCP Thirteen Artists Award and NCCA conferred by the NCCA and the CCP, bears the power Alab ng Haraya; of a presidential proclamation. o critical acclaim and/or reviews of their To date, the Philippines has conferred the Order of works; National Artist to o 1 for historical literature o respect and esteem from peers o 6 for dance The National Artist o 8 for theater o 7 for architecture, design, and the allied arts  It is a Grand Collar adorned by circular links representing the arts The main medallion commemorates the sun and the colors of the Philippine flag 3K’s of national artist award – katotohanan, kabutihan, kagandahan) What does the award give? The rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines. The National Artist gold-plated medallion minted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and citation. Lifetime emolument and material and physical benefits comparable in value to those received by the highest officers of the land such as the following: 1. A minimum cash award of two hundred thousand pesos (P200 000.00), net of taxes for living awardees, and a minimum cash award of one hundred fifty thousand pesos (P150,000.00), net of taxes for posthumous awardees, payable to legal heir(s). 2. A minimum lifetime personal monthly stipend of thirty thousand pesos (P30,000.00) 3. Life insurance coverage for awardees who are still insurable. 4. A state funeral benefit not exceeding P500 000.00 A place of honor, in line with protocular precedence, in state functions, national commemoration ceremonies, and all other cultural presentations. THE ROSTER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS The following is the list of National Artist of the Philippines in the categories of architecture and Allied Arts, Broadcast Arts, Dance, Film, Literature, Music, Theater, and Visual Arts. Fernando Amorsolo - was the first Philippine National Artist in 1972 and since then only 73 talented individuals have been given this honor. It is the highest recognition given to Filipino artists (film, visual arts, dance, etc). In order to be considered for selection, the artist must meet certain criteria such as work towards nation-building and has reviewed prestigious national and international recognition. Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan LESSON 4 National Living Treasures It was through the 1988 National Folk Artists awards initiated by the Rotary Organization in Ayala-Makati that the giving of recognition to outstanding Filipino artists specifically in music and poetry that paved the way to the conceptualization of the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan. This recognition highlights the diversity in our heritage and cultural traditions which defines our being Filipinos. Traditional arts allows us to visualize ourselves as a nation and as a people with distinct culture. The search for the excellent traditional artists in the country was carried out by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA). The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) was institutionalized in April 1992 through Republic Act No. 7355 The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) was institutionalized in April 1992 through Republic Act No. 7355.  This program promotes the transfer of the unique skill selection of candidates in the varied traditional folk of the living treasures to others to further the arts category; appreciation and to show pride about the masters of 2. Documentation of candidate-nominees for the these crafts in the person of our Manililikha ng Bayan. GAMABA; 3. Guided by the criteria and qualifications for becoming The Manlilikha ng Bayan a Manililikha ng Bayan set by the rules and regulations A citizen engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino in the law the final list of nominees will be submitted whose distinctive skills have reached such a high level to the Ad Hoc Panel of Experts; of technical and artistic excellence and have been 4. The Ad Ho Screening Committee shall recommend passed on to and widely practiced by the present nominees for the award to an Ad Hoc Panel of generation in his/her community with the same degree Reviewers; of technical and artistic competence. 5. The AdHoc panel of Reviewers shall evaluate qualifications of the nominees. The documentation Criteria to be Qualified as a 'Manlilikha ng Bayan submitted by the Ad Ho Search Committees shall be considered in the evaluation process. He/she is an inhabitant of an indigenous / traditional 6. The Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan Committee shall cultural community anywhere in the Philippines that then submit to the NCCA the recommendations of the has preserved indigenous customs, beliefs, rituals and Ad Hoc Panel of Reviewers for appropriate traditions and/or has syncretized whatever external 7. The names of the GAMABA awardees approved by the elements that have influenced it; NCCA Board shall be submitted to the President of the He/she must have engaged in a folk art tradition that Philippines for proclamation has been in existence and documented for at least fifty (50) years; He/she must have consistently performed or produced over a significant period, works of superior and distinctive quality. He/she must possess a mastery of tools and materials needed by the art, and must have an established reputation in the art as master and maker of works or of extraordinary technical quality; He/she must have passed on and/or will pass on to other members of the community their skills in the folk art for which the community is traditionally known. Folk Architecture Maritime transport Skills, Techniques and Production in Contemporary Arts Weaving carving LESSON 5 Performing arts Literature Many contemporary artist do not have formal studies in Graphic and plastic arts the fine arts but are self -taught. Concerned with the Ornament development of their talent and skills in art making, they Textile or fiber art study on their own interact with artists and read a lot about Pottery lives of artists and their artworks. Other artistic expressions of traditional culture Types of Techniques The Process of Selecting the "Manlilikha ng Bayan" Collage - is made by adhering flat elements such as Awardee newspaper or magazine cut-outs, printed text, 1. An Ad Hoc panel of Experts shall be deployed in the illustrations, photographs, cloth string etc to a flat different regions to conduct a thorough search and surface to create a thick layer that is almost like a relief.  Local Material Used In Contemporary Arts Contemporary artists salvage materials that can be recycled and made into creative forms. Decalcomania - The process of applying gouache to Puni - is a Tagalog term from the province of Bulacan paper or glass then transferring a reversal of that which means to beautify or decorate with the use of image onto canvas or other flat materials coconut leaf. o Coconut leaves are fashioned by folding, plaiting, braiding and simple weaving, which may have functional as well as aesthetic uses. Decoupage - Done by adhering cut-outs of paper and o Puni was used for decoration, especially then coating these with one or more coats or to the ceiling of the old houses. Puni is transparent coating of varnish. one of the main attraction during fiestas o The art or craft of decorating objects with and other happenings. Almost all of the paper cut-outs houses in a barrio have their puni on it. It can also be used to create woven baskets, bags, and even fans. Frottage - A technique in the visual arts of obtaining Bike Arch Artists Mark Grieve and Ilana Spector textural effects or images by rubbing lead, chalk, o who collected the bicycles from the charcoal, etc., over paper laid on a granular or relief debris piles of nonprofit bicycle like surface. organizations, created this bicycle arch. o Compare rubbing a work of art containing The archway features 300 bikes shapes and textures produced by frottage. o Bikes reclaimed from garbage dumps and recycling centers form a 30 foot high archway. Sandhi Schimmel - takes the word art to a whole new Montage - The process or technique of selecting, level with his All American girl collage made from using editing, and piecing together separate sections of film torn pieces of tax forms and political junk mail. The to form a continuous whole. colors used are those of the American flag and the o Used for photography or film where a pictorial portrait of the girl has been made to perfection. image is juxtaposed or placed overlapping to o Schimmel has paid attention to minute make another picture or design details and this is what sets this collage apart from others. The Trash People by HA Schults - The largest display of recycled art in the world. It has an array of thousands of men standing. All these figures are made Trapunto - The Italian “to quilt” is a method of quilting from computer parts, plastic and aluminum cans. that is also called “stuffed technique”. Khalil Chishtee - A Pakistani artist that takes the o Puffy decorative feature, trapunto utilizes at plastic grocery bag and creates sculptures that least two layers, the underside of which is silt express feelings of sorrow, dejection and even and padded, producing a raised surface on victimhood. He said, “We live in the age of plastic, and the quilt plastic bags are the most ordinary form of this material. I am still under the spell of plastic bags: its ordinariness is holding my breath and the way it responds to my deepest emotions so respectfully. I Digital Applications – Digital applications for art viewing am charmed by its vastness. There is yet to explore is another technique more. It seems like I am just started.” Artwork that combines structure and wood and interact with the wind to make music.  Chime Halo by Impy Pilapil - The hanging bamboo Technology has redefined art in many ways: chimes that create sound when blown by the wind light structures and floor drawings using colored laser done by Cavite-born artist. Set up on the grounds of beams and smoke. the Ateneo University Art Gallery, this very massive installation is a virtual milestone in the university’s A wall climbing robot holding paint. Because of the history, if not in the whole nation’s art chronicles. usefulness of new materials to art-making, artist have These works have been built with only one purpose in to upgrade their skills and learn the use of computer mind: to encourage and elicit human interaction, programs and their applications. designed specifically to touch upon and inspire the senses we thought did not exist or choose to ignore. Alfredo and Isabel Aquilizan - a husband-and-wife team who emigrated from the Philippines to Australia in 2006. Their artworks often address themes of displacement, change, memory and community. They gathered used objects, clothes, personal accessories, and many other things and compress them into cube- shapes. Painting is no longer confined to canvas hung on the wall. They can also be found on ceilings and floors. In performance art, artist use variety of props such as rope, plastic, textile, and found objects Eyeball tattooing - Better known as scleral tattooing, the body art form has actually been gaining popularity in the past decade as a form of extreme body modification, availed by tattoo enthusiasts and thrill- seekers alike. o In a nutshell, scleral tattooing involves the permanent coloring of the sclera (the white part of the eye). Dr. Añover explains, most parts of the eyeball are less than a millimeter in thickness — “thinner than a sheet of paper, to be honest” decreased vision, increased sensitivity to light, eye pain, and infection from either the needle or the ink.