HS 2801 Notes - Week 11 Collaboration PDF

Week 11 Collaboration For a good health research, we need 1) Financial resources 2) Different academic and technical skills 3) Access to population(s) - An organized team - Structured collaboration Research Team - Once an investigator has committed to doing a research project, it is hel...

Week 11 Collaboration For a good health research, we need 1) Financial resources 2) Different academic and technical skills 3) Access to population(s) - An organized team - Structured collaboration Research Team - Once an investigator has committed to doing a research project, it is helpful to assemble a team of collaborators early in the research process - For students, the first step is identifying at least one professor to serve as a mentor - Mentorship: a formal or informal relationship in which a more experienced person (the mentor) offers professional development advice and guidance to a less experienced mentee - To find a mentor - Ask classmates, colleagues, professors, supervisors who might be helpful mentors - Search the profiles of researchers at the new investigator’s home institution - Email the individuals identified as potential mentors to ask for professional development advice; an invitation to meet is not an agreement to serve as a mentor - Mentor is not a supervisor or instructor The Mentor–Mentee Relationship - A new investigator should not agree to enter into a mentor–mentee relationship before gaining an informed understanding of several key matters, including: - The potential mentor’s time availability, preferred frequency and style of communication - The roles and responsibilities the mentor agrees to take on, the resources the mentor agrees to provide - The expectations the mentor has of the mentee - Research supervisors appreciate when mentees - Communicate often with clear questions  - Are honest about what they have done and what they plan to do - Complete assigned tasks satisfactorily and on time, maintain meticulous research records - Are open to receiving constructive criticism - Respect the mentor and the mentor’s time Professional Development - The intentional process of establishing professional goals, identifying and completing activities that enable systematic progress toward achieving those goals - includes routinely evaluating performance, competencies, and growth - How - Completing online or in-person coursework about research methods - Participating in journal clubs and in professional organizations - Working as a research assistant - Attending and presenting at research conferences - Enrolling in training programs Communication within the Research Community - Several general and discipline-specific social networking platforms are available for researchers to use for networking, having online conversations about methodologies and tools, sharing resources, communicating about recent publications, and building a professional online presence - There are some impact metrics that show how much the researchers’ work have been communicated - Bibliometrics: quantitative analyses of written publications - h-index: an author has at least h publications that have each been cited at least h times - 10 index: a count of the number of publications by an author that have been cited at least 10 times - Two main issues with these metrics: 1) Articles with simpler methodologies are easier to understand and get more citations 2) Open-access articles are getting more citations especially by researchers from low resource countries Ethics in Conducting Research - Responsible conduct of research - A concept that encompasses research ethics, professionalism, and best practices for collaboration and communication with other researchers - Being a supporting member of a research team provides a valuable opportunity to become familiar with disciplinary and professional standards, academic writing and publishing, and the habits of good coauthors Authorship - Co-authorship - The process of two or more collaborators working together to write a research report/article - Decisions about who will be listed as a coauthor on a report, poster, or paper, as well as the order in which those coauthors will be listed, should be made as early as possible in the research process  - Large research programs have an authorship committee - Authorship order - Lead author: the person who conceptualizes the research, writes the first drafts, does most of analysis, interpretation and discussion, almost always the first one in order - Senior authors: doing a lot but less than 1st author , goes 2nd or last depends on organization - Middle authors: orders with different levels of collaboration, either in order from greatest to least contribution or alphabetically - Guided by authorship committee - Most new researchers serve as middle authors - Before becoming lead author, you can publish your own thesis, research projects and be the forest author - Corresponding author responsible for - Submission of the article - Formatting - Managing the review process - Communicating journals responses to article with co-author - Other administration work - Usually not the first author but is the person to contact if you want to know more about research - Authorship rules - ICMJE: the international committee of medical journal editors, has established criteria for authorship in the health science that most journal in the field have adopted 1. Making substantial contributions to conception or design of the study and/or to data collection, analysis, or interpretation 2. Drafting the article and/or providing critical revisions of intellectual content 3. Approving the final version of the manuscript that is submitted to a publisher 4. Accepting responsibility for the integrity of the paper - To earn co authorship all 4 ICMJE criteria must be met - There should be no ghost authorship, the failure to include as a coauthor on a manuscript a contributor who has made a substantial intellectual contribution to a research project - There should be no gift authorship, which occurs when someone who has not earned authorship according to disciplinary standards is added to the list of authors of a manuscript Knowledge translation - A dynamic and iterative process that includes 1) Synthesis ( the research produce) 2) Dissemination ( conference presentation, publications) 3) Exchange 4) Ethically sound applicable of knowledge - This process takes place within a complex system of interactions between researchers and knowledge users which may vary in intensity, complexity and level of engagement depending on the nature of the research and the findings as well as the needs of the particular knowledge user Conference Presentation - Purpose: - Networking and exchanging ideas - Presenting new research can be a useful way to get feedback on a project before submitting the work for review by a journal - Structure: - Plenary sessions with keynote addresses - Concurrent sessions of oral presentations (typically 4-5 people each for about 10-15 minutes) - Poster sessions (a designated time during a conference when researchers display printed placards and are expected to be available to talk about their posters with other attendees) - Exhibitions - Business meetings - How to Get in a Conferences 1) Conduct good research (single most important thing!) 2) Find a conference that might be interested in your research 3) Submit a well-written abstract (abstracts will usually get printed and shared with attendees) 4) Respect all requirements including (not limited to) due dates, word counts, priorities of topics, etc. - Poster presentation - Design and aesthetics as important as the content - There are a variety of templates, specialized graphic design software, presentation software program - A simple PowerPoint also works - One good strategy is to present your drafts to your research group, mentors, classmates about one week before the conference - Ensure you are not violating any copyrights and properly cite evidence - Note 1: more than 5 references in a poster is not recommended - Note 2: we may use of QR for supplementary information including reference list, but don’t overuse - Oral presentations - In almost all health science conferences oral presentation is by using a set of computerized slides to guide the talk and provide visual information to the audience - Highlight the key messages in few words - Use images as often as is appropriate - Don’t read off the slides - Not teaching but reporting your research - Practice makes a positive experience more likely Publishing - Why we have to publish 1. Unpublished research=not existing research 2. Direct professional benefits for researchers 3. Respect for the time and efforts of participants and collaborators - The peer review process: - Time consuming and sometime disappointing  - opportunity (the best!) to receive expert and constructive feedback to improves science - Which journal - Consider: - the scope: the subject areas the publication covers - The audience: readership that the publication intends to reach - Ranking (impact factor, bibliometric) - Clear explanation of existence and the type of peer review process, duration, acceptance rate - Whether the journal is indexed in preferred databases - The print and online availability of the journal - Data sharing availability or requirements - Access to Articles - Subscription journal: covers its costs from library and/or individual subscriptions and advertising and does not charge any author fees - Most articles are placed behind a paywall - We have access to many via our library; has been paid for by Western - Open-access journal: mandates that authors pay a publication fee (sometimes several thousand dollars!) before their manuscripts are published - The content of these journals is freely available to readers on the Internet - Most grants set aside funding for publication - Hybrid journal: option of paying to make an article freely available to all - Authors with funding may opt to pay for open access under this model - Authors without funding may publish at no cost, but their articles will be behind a paywall - Copyright - The legal rights assigned to the owners of intellectual property such as written and artistic works - Authors require to assign the copyright for a manuscript to the publisher before their articles are published - Open access publishers typically allow authors to retain the copyright for their articles - A Creative Commons (CC) license is a public copyright license that enables the free distribution of a copyrighted work - Predatory (open access) journals - A growing number of dubious journals being launched that accept nearly every submission upon receipt of payment - No quality editorial and peer-review services, not transparent about their policies, author guidelines, fees - Unsolicited spam to email addresses, promise a very quick time to decision and publication, have poorly written web content - Admire your research a lot, general topics mostly unrelated to your research - Publication might even represent bad on your CV - Many open-access journals are well respected, have strong peer-review systems, but be aware of deceptive pay-to-publish schemes