Egyptian Architecture PDF

EGYP TIAN AR CHITECTURE Egyptian (3000 B.C. – 200 A.D.) Characterized by the axial planning of massive masonry tombs and temples, the use of trabeated construction with precise stonework, and the decoration of battered walls with pictographic carvings in relief. A preoccupation with e...

EGYP TIAN AR CHITECTURE Egyptian (3000 B.C. – 200 A.D.) Characterized by the axial planning of massive masonry tombs and temples, the use of trabeated construction with precise stonework, and the decoration of battered walls with pictographic carvings in relief. A preoccupation with eternity and the afterlife dominated the buildings of these funerary moments and temples  The Nile River The Nile river played a crucial role in shaping ancient Egyptian civilization, influencing its culture, economy, and architecture. Here’s an exploration of the relevance of the Nile to Egyptian life and architecture: Lifeblood of the Civilization Economic Significance Cultural and Religious Importance Influence on Architecture Sustainer of the Pharaoh's Power Historical Legacy  Religious Structure Mastaba A tomb for the nobility or members of the royal family. Made of mud brick, rectangular in plan with a flat roof and sloping sides, from which a shaft leads to underground burial and offering chambers.  Religious Structure Temples An edifice or place dedicated to the worship or presence of a deity  Kinds of Temple Cult Temple Mortuary Temple An ancient Egyptian An ancient Egyptian temple for the worship temple for offerings of deity and worship of a deceased person, usually a deified king.  Religious Structure Karnak Temple Complex Luxor, Egypt When Amun-Re, the god of the sun and the heaven became the national deity during the period of the New Kingdom, at least a dozen temples were built in his honor.  Karnak Temple Complex Avenue of Sphinxes Leads to a tall portal guarded by a towering pylon Sphinx A figure of an imaginary creature having the body of lion and the head of a man, ram, or hawk  Karnak Temple Complex Obelisk An Egyptian monolithic four-sided standing alone, tapering to a pyramidcal cap (pyramidion), often inscribed with hieroglyphs and erected as a monuments.  Karnak Temple Complex Pylon A gateway guarding a sacred precinct consisting of either a pair of tall truncated pyramids and a doorway between them, often decorated with painted relief  Karnak Temple Complex Hypostyle Hall A large hall having many columns in rows supporting a flat roof, and sometimes a clerestory  Karnak Temple Complex Pylon temple An Egyptian temple type with monumental gateways, formed by twined pylons.  Karnak Temple Complex Kiosk A freestanding stone canopy structure supported by columns in Egyptian architecture. (Hypaethral, Classical temple that is wholly or partly open to the sky)  The mammisi of Edfu Mammisi Birth-house; a small Egyptian side temple, kiosk or tent shrine to celebrate the place where the god of the main temple was born, or where the goddess bore her children.  Karnak Temple Complex Barque Temple A room or building in which the image of the Pharaoh or deity was revered  Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut Deir el Bahari, Egypt. Senmut Queen Hatshepsut’s mortuary temple played a key role in the processional events as the temporary resting place for the barque during the Beautiful Feast of the Valley. Located in the Valley of the kings, which was to become the main burial place for the Egyptian royalty  Rock cut Tomb A tomb hewn out of native rock, presenting only an architectural font with dark interior chambers, of which the sections are supported by masses of stone left in the form of solid pillars.  Pyramid A massive masonry structure having a rectangular base and four smooth, steeply sloping sides facing the cardinal points and meeting at an apex. Used in ancient Egypt as a tomb to contain the burial chamber and the mummy of the pharaoh PYRAMIDS OF GIZA  KHAFRE MENKAURE KHUFU PYRAMID OF QUEENS  The pyramid of Khafre or of Chephren is the middle The pyramid of Menkaure The Great Pyramid of of the three Ancient is the smallest of the three Khufu, the largest of the Egyptian Pyramids of Giza, main pyramids of the Giza three main pyramids at the second tallest and pyramid complex. Giza, second largest of the group.