Tests for Primary Hemostasis - PDF
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Institute of Health Technology, Dhaka
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Summary
This document details laboratory tests used to assess primary hemostasis, including the bleeding time, platelet function, and capillary resistance. It provides information on the methods, procedures, and interpretations of the results, which may be used by medical professionals.
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Te sts f o r P rim ary H em osta sis 0 6 BLE ED IN G T IM E Th e a c tu al t im e i t t a ke s f o r a s ta n d ard w oun d t o s to p b le ed in g D ET EC TS : A bnorm alit ie s o f p la te le t n um ber a n d f u n ctio n Fa c to r V III: V W F d efic ie n cy A bnorm alit ie s o f v e...
Te sts f o r P rim ary H em osta sis 0 6 BLE ED IN G T IM E Th e a c tu al t im e i t t a ke s f o r a s ta n d ard w oun d t o s to p b le ed in g D ET EC TS : A bnorm alit ie s o f p la te le t n um ber a n d f u n ctio n Fa c to r V III: V W F d efic ie n cy A bnorm alit ie s o f v e sse l w all s tru ctu re M ET H O DS: M ODIF IE D D UKE M ET H O D 15 -2 0 m m r o un d ed f a tty p ort io n o f t h e e arlo b e N o. 1 1 s te rile B ard -P ark e r S u rg ic al B la d e Bla d e p asse s t h ro ug h e ar a n d h it s g la ss s li d e w it h a c lic kin g s o un d N V: < 8 m in ute s IV Y M ET H O D Vola r s u rfa c e o f t h e f o re arm 4 0 m mHg Pu n ctu re t w ic e C olle ct b lo od u sin g f ilt e r p ap er s trip s a ft e r 2 m in ute s a n d a g ain a ft e r e ve ry 3 0 se co n d s PLA TELE T C O UN TBLE ED IN G T IM E PR O BA BLE C AU SE N orm al P ro lo n g ed Q ualit a tiv e p la te le t d efe ct V W D Vesse l w all s tru ctu re a b norm alit y L o w N orm al A uto im mun e t h ro m bocyto p en ia L o w V ery p ro lo n g ed Q ualit a tiv e a n d q uan tit a tiv e p la te le t d efic ie n cy C APIL LA RY R ES IS T A N C E ( F R A G IL IT Y ) T ES T D ete cts a b norm alit y o f t h e c ap illa rie s d ue t o a s tru ctu ra l w eakn ess i n t h e c ap illa ry w alls o r t h ro m bocyto p en ia A bnorm al i n h ere d it a ry t e la n g ie cta sia , m ay a ls o b e a b norm al i n h em op hilia a n d V it . K d efic ie n cy M ET H O DS: Po sit iv e p re ssu re t e st/ R um ple -L e e d e/ T o urn iq uet t e st B lo od p re ssu re c u ff i s a p plie d t o t h e u p per a rm f o r 5 m in ute s 5 T h e b lo od p re ssu re c u ff i s s e t a t 1 0 0 m mHg ( 8 0 m mHg f o r f e m ale s) O bse rv e f o r p ete ch ia f o rm atio n a ft e r 5 m in ute s o f r e m ova l o f c u ff N eg ativ e p re ssu re t e st A s u ctio n c u p ( 2 cm i n d ia m ete r) i s p la c e d o n t h e m id port io n o f t h e u p per a rm 2 0 0-2 50 t o rr p re ssu re i s a p plie d f o r 1 m in ute P ete ch ia e i s c o un te d a ft e r 5 m in ute s CLO T R ET R A C TIO N T IM E McFa rla n e C lo t R etra c tio n T e ch niq ue P R O CED URE 5 m L o f w hole b lo od i s i n cu b ate d a t 3 7°C f o r 1 h our C lo t w ill b eg in t o s h rin k a n d r e tra c t f r o m t h e w alls o f t h e t u b e N .V . 4 4- 6 7% F O RM ULA : % C RT= ( V ol. o f s e ru m / T o ta l v o l. o f w hole b lo od ) X 1 0 0% FA C TO RS N um ber o f c u n t a c tile p ia te ie is P re se n ce o f c alc iu m a n d A TP N orm al c o n ce n tra tio n o f f ib rin og en A bnorm al w it h t h ro m bocyto p en ia , l o w o r a b norm al f ib rin og en , p ara p ro te in em ia s a n d G la n zm an n's t h ro m basth en ia P LA TELE T C O UN T N. V . 1 5 0 -4 50 x 1 0 9/L ( 15 0 000-4 50 0 00/ u L) 1D IR EC T M ET H O DS TO NKA N TIN M ET H O D: Use s R ees-E c ke r a s d ilu en t U se s l ig ht m ic ro sc o p e Rees- E c ke r D ilu tin g F lu id S o d iu m c it ra te - a n tic o ag ula n t Fo rm alin - p re se rv a tiv e B rillia n t C re sy l B lu e- s ta in B R EC HER -C RO NKIT E U se s _ __________________________ a s d il u tin g f lu id R EFE R EN C E M ET H O D f o r m an ual p la te le t c o un t U N O PET TE M ET H O D Use s t rip ota ssiu m E D TA a n d a m mon iu m o xa la te P R IN C IP LE : H em oly sis o f r e d c e lls b y h yp oto n ic it y a n d c o m ple te b lo ck o f p la te le t ac tiv it y b y c h ela tin g M g a n d C a w it h E D TA a n d a m mon iu m o xa la te 2P LA TELE T E S T IM ATIO N O N P ER IP H ER A L B LO OD S M EA R _____________ p la te le ts / O IF C oun t 1 0 o il i m mers io n f ie ld s Fa c to r u se d i s _ __________ T h ere a re a p pro xim ate ly _ _________ r e d c e lls p er p la te le t i n n orm al p erip hera l b lo od Ex: ES T IM ATE R EP O RTIN G 0-4 9 ,0 00/ u L M ark e d ly d ecre ase 5 0 ,0 00- 9 9.0 00/ u L M od era te ly d ecre ase d 10 0,0 00-14 9 ,0 00/ u L Slig htly d ecre ase d 15 0 ,0 00- 1 9 9.0 00/ Lo w n orm al 2 0 0.0 00 - 4 0 0,0 00/ u L N orm al 40 1,0 00- 5 9 9.0 00/ u L Slig htly i n cre ase d 6 0 0,0 00- 8 0 0.0 00/ u L M od era te ly i n cre ae d G re ate r t h an 8 0 0,0 00/ u L M ark e d ly i n cre ase d S IG NIF IC AN T P LA TELE T L E V ELS Le ss t h an 1 0 0,0 00/ u L A bnorm ally l o w , a b norm al B T 30 ,0 00- 5 0 ,0 00/ u L B le ed in g p ossib le w it h t ra u m a Le ss t h an 3 0 ,0 00/ u L Sp on ta n eo us b le ed in g p ossib le L e ss t h an 5 ,0 00/ u L Seve re s p on ta n eo us b le ed in g P LA TELE T A G GREG ATIO N Aggre g atin g a g en ts a re a d ded t o P R P t o i n d uce s h ap e c h an g e a n d a g gre g atio n o f p la te le ts D ue t o p la te le t a g gre g atio n , t h e s a m ple b eco m es c le are r a n d t ra n sm it s m ore l ig ht w hic h i s m easu re d b y a n a g gre g om ete r PLA TELE T A D HES IV EN ES S G LA SS B EA D R ET EN TIO N T ES T W hen b lo od i s p asse d t h ro ug h a g la ss b ead c o lu m n, n orm al p la te le ts t h at h ave v W F w ill a d here a n d a g gre g ate t o t h e b ead s PR O CED URE: Fir s t s a m ple i s c o lle cte d u sin g r o utin e E D TA t u b e Seco n d s a m ple i s c o lle cte d u sin g a g la ss b ead c o lle ctin g s y ste m P la te le t c o un t i s p erfo rm ed o n b oth s p ecim en s a n d p la te le t a d hesiv e n ess i s c alc u la te d P A = ( P C 1- P C 2/ P C 1) X 1 0 0% N .V . 7 0 % o r g re ate r A G GREG ATIO N D IS O RD ER S A D HES IO N D EFE C TS EP IN EP H RIN E, C O LLA G EN , A D P= A BN O RM AL RIS TO CEN TIN = N O RM AL EP IN EP H RIN E, C O LLA G EN , A D P= N O RM AL RIS TO CEN TIN = A BN O RM AL D IS EA SES : D IS EA SES :