HIST Unit 2 Vocab PDF

HIST Unit 2 Vocab Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fqxjo0 1. Albany Plan Created by Ben Franklin; intended to set up a general, cen- tralized government to manage relations with the Indians; retain the authority of th...

HIST Unit 2 Vocab Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fqxjo0 1. Albany Plan Created by Ben Franklin; intended to set up a general, cen- tralized government to manage relations with the Indians; retain the authority of the king; rejected by colonists and parliament. 2. French and Indi- Conflict between French + Indians and the English from an War 1754-1763; also called the 'Seven Years War' by the Eng- lish. 3. Characteristics 80,000 colonists living at the substance level, scattered, of the French with a good relationship with Natives, united under France Colonists & their Catholic faith. 4. Characteristics 1.5 million colonists, self-sufficient due to salutary neglect, of the English compact defense, self-governed, eager to avoid expense Colonists & responsibility, with merchants smuggling goods. 5. Three Phases of 1. Fort Necessity to the start of the war in Europe; 2. the War Beginning of the European War; 3. End of the War ran by Pitt. 6. Treaty of Paris of Ended the French and Indian War; Britain got Florida and 1763 all land up to the Mississippi River; Spain got Louisiana; French lost Canada, Great Lakes, Mississippi River, AND India. 7. Albany Confer- An event during the French and Indian War where the Al- ence bany Plan of Union was proposed but rejected by colonists and parliament. 8. Iroquois Confed- Five Indian nations: Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Ononda- eracy ga, and Oneida; formed a defensive alliance in the 15th century. 9. William Pitt English secretary of state and future prime minister who brought the French & Indian War fully under British control. 10. Fort Duquesne Modern day Pittsburgh; British attacked this fort and failed; after Pitt took charge, the tide turned in favor of the British and Fort Duquesne fell quickly. 1/7  HIST Unit 2 Vocab Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fqxjo0 11. Salutary neglect Parliamentary rules and laws were loosely or not enforced on the American colonies and trade, making the colonists self-sufficient. 12. Proclamation Forbade colonists to advance beyond the Appalachian Line of 1763 Mountains. 13. George Washing- British commander during the early stages of the French ton and Indian War. 14. William Pitt's Pitt relaxed many policies that the Americans were an- Policies noyed at, which turned the tide of the war in Britain's favor. 15. Indian + French Raids on western English settlements during the early Raids local conflict of the French and Indian War. 16. Compact De- Defense strategy of the English colonists utilizing moun- fense tains and ocean. 17. Self-Governed Colonies that operated independently and were jealous of Colonies one another. 18. Neutrality of Iro- Iroquois declared neutrality in the American Revolution, quois but three tribes ended up fighting alongside the British. 19. Colonial Smug- Merchants in the colonies engaged in smuggling goods to gling avoid British trade restrictions. 20. Colonial Unity The plan that the colonies would unite under a single government as proposed in the Albany Plan. 21. Pitt's Military Pitt planned military strategy, appointed commanders, and Strategy issued orders to the colonists. 22. Sugar Act One of the Acts of George Grenville that raised duty on sugar while lowering the duty on molasses; taxes on sug- ar, molasses, silk, wine, and coffee. 23. Indirect act Legally, you could avoid paying these taxes. 2/7  HIST Unit 2 Vocab Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fqxjo0 24. No taxation with- A slogan that expresses the principle that the colonies out representa- should not be taxed by a government in which they had tion no representation. 25. Customs duties Established new vice admiralty courts to try accused smugglers. 26. Currency Act Banned the use of paper money in the colonies. 27. Paxton Boys Pennsylvania frontiersmen that went to Philadelphia de- manding tax relief and financial support for their defense against Indians; they killed 20 peaceful Indians. 28. Stamp Act Crisis Taxes on every printed document, an attempt by England to raise revenue from the colonies without their consent. 29. Virginia Re- Established by Patrick Henry, stating that the people can- solves not be taxed on something they did not vote on. 30. Stamp Act Con- An intercolonial congress established to take action gress against the new tax, composed of many Sons of Liberty, met in New York with delegates from 9 colonies. 31. Patrick Henry Part of the Sons of Liberty known for the phrase 'Give me liberty or give me death' and for creating the Virginia Resolves. 32. Declaratory Act Parliament could make laws binding the American colonies 'in all cases whatsoever.' 33. Townshend Du- Taxes on imported goods: lead, paint, paper, glass, and ties tea; legalized Writs of Assistance and the right to seize property without due process. 34. Boston Massacre Incident where British soldiers fired on Boston colonists, killing 5. 35. Committee of Led by Samuel Adams, created to spread grievances Correspondence against England throughout the colonies and made con- tinuous cooperation among the colonies possible. 3/7  HIST Unit 2 Vocab Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fqxjo0 36. First Continental Held in Philadelphia, it made preparations for defense Congress against British attacks and agreed to boycotts to stop trade with Britain. 37. John Locke Philosopher who argued that governments were formed to protect life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, deriving authority from the consent of the governed. 38. Common Sense Pamphlet by Thomas Paine arguing that independence is the only option and that it was common sense for Ameri- cans to break with a brutal political system. 39. Loyalists/Tories Americans still loyal to England and the king, with strongest sentiment in the South; many were white pop- ulations who had offices in the imperial government. 40. Hessians German mercenaries recruited by the British in the Revo- lutionary War, approximately 30,000 German troops hired to help fight. 41. Benedict Arnold Originally a general for the Americans who switched to the British side, believing the American cause was hopeless. 42. Bunker Hill Battle that happened after the Battles of Lexington & Con- cord where Patriots suffered severe casualties but British suffered even worse. 43. Saratoga British troops withdrew to Saratoga due to being short of materials and having all help cut off. 44. General Horatio American general who surrounded British forces leading Gates to surrender. 45. Valley Forge Winter quarters for Washington's troops, marked by hard- ship. 46. Resilience Patriots' ability to endure difficult conditions at Valley Forge. 4/7  HIST Unit 2 Vocab Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fqxjo0 47. Yorktown Site of the British formal surrender in 1781. 48. Cornwallis British general who defended Yorktown before surrender- ing. 49. Nathanael American general known for his strategic military leader- Greene ship. 50. Marquis de French general who supported American forces in the war. Lafayette 51. Articles of Con- First governing document of the United States federation (1781-1789). 52. Second Conti- Body that managed the war effort and drafted the DOI. nental Congress 53. Declaration of In- Document asserting American independence, sent in dependence 1776. 54. One House Con- Legislative body established under the Articles of Confed- gress eration. 55. Shays' Rebellion Farmers' uprising against taxation and debt in 1786. 56. Daniel Shays Leader of the rebellion against oppressive economic poli- cies. 57. Land Ordinance Divided western territory into districts for statehood peti- of 1784 tion. 58. Ohio River Valley Region involved in land disputes and political organization. 59. Abigail Adams Advocate for women's rights, urged John Adams for pro- tections. 60. Anti-Federalists Opposed the Constitution, favored states' rights and indi- vidual liberties. 61. 5/7  HIST Unit 2 Vocab Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fqxjo0 Thomas Jeffer- Leader of the Anti-Federalists, advocated for strict consti- son tutionalism. 62. Federalists Supported the Constitution, favored strong central govern- ment. 63. Alexander Hamil- Prominent Federalist, advocated for a strong national gov- ton ernment. 64. Federalist Pa- Essays promoting the Constitution, authored by Hamilton, pers Madison, Jay. 65. James Madison Key figure in drafting the Constitution and Bill of Rights. 66. Sovereignty Concept that ultimate power resides with the people. 67. Checks and Bal- System to prevent any one branch from dominating gov- ances ernment. 68. Virginia Plan Proposal for a strong national government with represen- tation by population. 69. Republicanism Political ideology emphasizing a republic and civic virtue. 70. Agrarian Repub- Society where citizens primarily engage in farming. lic 71. New Jersey Plan One-house legislature with equal state representation. 72. Great Compro- Established two-house legislature balancing state repre- mise sentation. 73. W Compromise Counted 3 out of 5 slaves for representation. 74. Bill of Rights First ten amendments guaranteeing individual liberties. 75. Constitutional 1787 meeting to address weaknesses of Articles of Con- Convention federation. 76. Preamble Introduction outlining the Constitution's purposes. 6/7  HIST Unit 2 Vocab Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fqxjo0 77. First Cabinet Group of advisors including Jefferson and Hamilton. 78. Judiciary Act Established the federal judiciary and Supreme Court structure. 79. Funding As- Federal government assumed state debts with interest. sumption Law 80. Tariff Act Imposed tariffs to protect American industries. 81. Whiskey Rebel- Revolt against whiskey tax demonstrating federal authori- lion ty. 82. XYZ Affair Diplomatic incident leading to quasi-war with France. 83. Alien Act Increased residency requirement for U.S. citizenship. 84. Sedition Act Criminalized criticism of the federal government. 85. Electoral College System for electing the President through state electors. 86. Commerce Com- Allowed slave trade for 20 years post-Constitution. promise 87. Speedy Trial Right to a prompt trial by jury. 88. No Cruel Punish- Prohibition against excessive fines and cruel treatment. ment 89. Popular Outrage Public anger towards France after XYZ Affair. 90. Quasi-War Undeclared naval conflict between the U.S. and France. 7/7