Timeline of Indian History PDF

www.gradeup.co 1 www.gradeup.co Chronology of important events in Indian History Ancient India Year Event Importance...

www.gradeup.co 1 www.gradeup.co Chronology of important events in Indian History Ancient India Year Event Importance Fire was discovered 2 Million BC to 10,00 BC Palaeolithic Period Tools made of limestones 2 Million BC to 50,000 BC Lower Palaeolithic were used. They are found in 50,000 BC to 40,000 BC Middle Palaeolithic Chota-Nagpur plateau and 40,000 BC to 10,000 BC Upper Palaeolithic Kurnool district Hunters and Herders 10,000 BC to 7000 BC Mesolithic Age Microlith tools were used Food producers 7000 BC Neolithic age Use of polished tools Pre-Harappan Phase – 3000 Chalcolithic Age Use of Copper – first metal BC Bronze age civilization, 2500 BC Harappan Phase development of Urban culture 1500 BC-1000 BC Early Vedic period Rig Veda period Growth of 2nd Urban phase 1000BC-500BC Later Vedic period with the establishment of Mahajanapadhas 16 kingdoms with certain 600 BC – 325 BC Mahajanapadhas republics established Bimbisara, Ajatshatru and 544 BC – 412 BC Haryanka Dynasty Udayin 412 BC – 342 BC Shisunga Dynasty Shisunga and Kalashoka 344BC – 323 BC Nanda Dynasty Mahapadmananda 563 BC Birth of Gautama Buddha Buddhism established 540 BC Birth of Mahavira 24th Tirthankara of Jainism 518 BC Persian Invasion Darius 483 BC 1 Buddhist council st Rajgir 383 BC 2 nd Buddhist Council Vaishali Direct contact between 326 BC Macedonian Invasion Greek and India 250 BC 3rd Buddhist council Pataliputra 322 BC – 185 BC Mauryan Period Political unification of India, 322 BC – 298 BC Chandragupta Maurya Dhamma policy of Ashoka, 298 BC – 273 BC Bindusara the growth of Art and 273 BC – 232 BC Ashoka architecture 232 BC – 185 BC Later Mauryans 185 BC – 73 BC Sunga Dynasty Pushyamitra Sunga Vasudeva founded the 73 BC – 28 BC Kanva dynasty dynasty 60 BC – 225 AD Sathavahana dynasty Capital at Paithan, MH 2 www.gradeup.co 2nd BC Indo-Greeks Menander(165-145AD) Rudradaman (130 AD – 150 1st BC – 4th AD Shakas AD) St Thomas arrived in India 1st BC – 1st AD Parthians during the reign of Gondophernes 1st AD -4th AD Kushans Kanishka (78 AD – 101 AD) 72 AD 4 th Buddhist Council Kashmir Convene of Sangam 3rd BC – 3rd AD Sangam age Commune, Rule of Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas 319 AD – 540 AD The Gupta Age 319 AD – Gupta Age 319 – 334 AD Chandragupta I The golden age of India 335 – 380 AD Samudragupta Development of numerous 380 – 414 AD Chandragupta II art and literature. 415 – 455 AD Kumaragupta Nagara style of Temple 455 – 467 AD Skandagupta Building Harsha (606-647 AD) Kannauj assembly and 550 AD – 647 AD Vardhana Dynasty Prayag assembly held Huan-Tsang visited Harsha’s assembly 543 – 755 AD Chalukyas of Vatapi Development of Vesera style Structural temples in 575 - 897 AD Pallavas of Kanchi Dravida style started to develop Medieval India Early Medieval Period (650 – 1206 AD) Year Event Importance 750 – 1150 AD Rule of the Palas Capital at Munger, Bihar 752 – 973 AD The Rasthrakutas Capital at Malkhed 730 – 1036 AD The Pratiharas Ruled western India Mahmud Bin Qasim invaded 712 AD First Muslim Invasion India Capital at Tanjore, epitome 850 – 1279 AD The Cholas moment for Dravidian Architecture 998 – 1030 AD First Turk invasion Mahmud of Ghazni 1175 – 1206 AD Second Turk invasion Mahmud of Ghori First battle of Tarain in 1191 between Prithviraj and 1178 – 1192 AD Prithviraj Chauhan Mahmud of Ghori 1192, Second battle of Tarain 3 www.gradeup.co The Sultanate Period (1206 – 1526 AD) The Slave Dynasty Year Event Importance Known as Lal Bakhsh, began 1206 – 1210 AD Qutbuddin Aibak the construction of Qutb Minar Real founder of Delhi 1211 – 1236 AD Shamsuddin Iltumish sultanate First and only muslim lady 1236 – 1240 AD Razia Sultana who ever ruled India 1240 – 1266 AD Weak successors 1266 – 1287 AD Ghiyasuddin Balban Established Diwan-i-Arz Khilji Dynasty Year Events Importance 1290 – 1296 AD Jalaluddin Khilji Founder of Khilji dynasty Many administrative reforms, 1296 – 1316 AD Allaudin Khilji introduced the Dagh and Chehra system Tughlaq dynasty Year Events Importance 1320 – 1325 AD Ghiyasuddin Tuglaq Founder Introduction of 1325 – 1351 AD Mohammed-Bin-Tuglaq administrative reforms and certain ambitious projects 1351 – 1388 AD Firoz Shah Tuglaq Built great cities Taimur, the descendant of Chengiz Khan, invaded 1398 – 1399 AD Taimur Invasion during the reign of Muhammad Shah Tuglaq Sayyid dynasty Year Events Importance Founder; was deputized by 1414 – 1421 AD Khijr Khan Taimur as the Governor of Multan Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi 1421 – 1434 AD Mubarak Shah written by Yahya-bin-Ahmad Sirhindi. First ruler of the dynasty to 1434 – 1445 AD Muhammad Shah adopt the title of Sultan Last ruler of the dynasty, 1445-1451 AD Ala-ud-din Shah abdicated voluntarily 4 www.gradeup.co The Lodhi Dynasty Year Events Importance 1451 – 1488 AD Bahlol Lodhi Founder of Lodhi dynasty 1489 – 1517 AD Sikander Lodhi Founded the city of Agra Babur defeated Lodhi in the 1517 – 1526 AD Ibrahim Lodhi first battle of Panipat Vijaynagar and Bahmani Kingdoms Vijaynagar Kingdom Year Events Importance Founded by Harihara and 1336 – 1485 AD Sangama Dynasty Bukka 1485 – 1505 AD Saluva Dynasty Saluva Narasgima 1505 – 1570 AD Tuluva Dynasty Veer Narashima A gifted Scholar, 1509 – 1529 AD Krishna Deva Raya contemporary of Babur 1570 – 1650 AD Aravidu Dynasty Founded by Tirumala Bahmani Kingdom Year Events Importance Founded the Bahmani 1347 – 1358 AD Alaudin Hasan Bahman Shah Kingdom at Gulbarga 1397 – 1422 AD Tajuddin Firoz Shah 1422 – 1435 AD Ahmad Shah Wali Mughal Empire Year Events Importance Founder of Mughal empire after the 1526 – 1530 AD Babur 1st Battle of Panipat 1530 – 1540 AD Humayun He was defeated by Sher Shah 1555 – 1556 AD Sher Shah defeated Humayun and 1540 – 1555 AD Sur Empire ruled from 1540-45 AD 1556 2nd Battle of Panipat Akbar Vs. Hemu Established Din-i-illahi, expanded 1556 – 1605 AD Akbar Mughal empire Captain William Hawkins and Sir 1605 – 1627 AD Jehangir Thomas Roe visited the Mughal court The pinnacle of Mughal empire and 1628 -1658 AD Shahjahan art and architecture Beginning of the decline of Mughal 1658 – 1707 AD Aurangzeb empire Decline and disintegration of Mughal 1707 – 1857 AD Later Mughals empire with gaining strength of the British 5 www.gradeup.co Maratha State and Maratha Confederacy Maratha state Year Events Importance Contemporary of Aurangzeb 1674 – 1680 AD Shivaji and the biggest challenge for the Mughals in Deccan 1680 – 1689 AD Sambhaji 1689 – 1700 AD Rajaram 1700 – 1707 AD Tarabai 1707 – 1749 AD Shahu The rise of Peshwas 1713 – 1720 AD Balaji Vishwanath The first Peshwa Maratha Confederacy Year Events Importance 1720 – 1740 AD Baji Rao I 1740 – 1761 AD Balaji Baji Rao Defeat of Marathas by 1761 AD Third battle of Panipat Ahmad Shah Abdali 1761 – 1818 AD Later successors Anglo Maratha Wars Year Events Importance 1775 – 1782 AD 1 Anglo Maratha War st British were defeated Marathas were defeated, 1803 – 1806 AD 2nd Anglo Maratha War and they signed the Subsidiary Alliance Marathas were decisively 1817 – 1818 AD 3rd Anglo Maratha War defeated Modern India Bengal Year Events Importance Capital of Bengal transferred 1717 – 1727 AD Murshid Quli Khan to Murshidabad 1727 – 1739 AD Shujauddin 1739 – 1740 AD Sarfaraj khan 1740 – 1756 AD Alivardi Khan 1756 – 1757 AD Sirajuddaulah Battle of Plassey 1757 – 1760 AD Mir Jafar 1760 – 1764 AD Mir Qasim Battle of Buxar 6 www.gradeup.co Mysore Year Events Importance Establishment of Modern 1761 – 1782 AD Haider Ali Mysore state Haider Ali defeated the 1766 – 1769 AD 1st Anglo – Mysore war British Haider Ali was defeated by 1780 – 1784 AD 2nd Anglo – Mysore war Sir Eyrecoot 1782 – 1799 AD Tipu Sultan Continued the 2nd war Tipu ceded half of his 1790 – 1792 AD 3rd Anglo – Mysore war territory 1799 4th Anglo – Mysore war Tipu Sultan died Punjab Year Events Importance 1792 – 1839 AD Maharaja Ranjit Singh Founder of Sikh rule 1845 – 1846 AD 1 Anglo – Sikh war st Sikhs were defeated 1848 – 1849 AD 2 nd Anglo – Sikh war Dalhousie annexed Punjab Advent of Europeans in India Year Events Importance Portuguese East India Headquarters at Cochin and 1498 company Goa Madras, Calcutta and 1600 English East India company Bombay 1602 Dutch East India company Pulicat, Nagapattinam 1616 Danish East India company Serampore 1664 French East India company Pondicherry Carnatic wars Year Events Importance 1746-48 1st Anglo-French war Treaty of Aix-la-chapelle 1749-54 2 nd Anglo-French war Treaty of Pondicherry 1758-63 3rd Anglo-French war Treaty of Paris Freedom Struggle Year Events Importance First war of Indian Revolt due to socio-religious 1857 independence and economic causes 1885 Formation of Congress Founded by AO Hume Dominated by Dadabai 1885 – 1905 Moderate phase Naoroji, Surendranath Banerjea 7 www.gradeup.co Dominated by Lal-Bal-Pal 1905 – 1917 Extremists Phase and Aurobindo Ghosh Curzon announced the 1905 Bengal Partition partition 1905 – 1908 Swadeshi movement Boycott of foreign products 1906 Muslim league formation 1906 Calcutta Session of INC Swaraj adopted as the goal Question on extending the 1907 Surat split movement to the rest of India Separate electorate for 1909 Morley – Minto reforms Muslims 1915 – 1916 Home rule movement BG Tilak and Annie Besant Pact between Congress and 1916 Lucknow pact League Extremists admitted in 1916 Lucknow session Congress Gandhian Era Early life Year Events Importance Foundation of Natal Indian 1893 – 1914 Gandhi in South Africa Congress, Satyagraha and CDM against British excesses 1915 – 1948 Gandhi in India Arrived in Bombay. First two years to tour India and not 1915 to participate in any political movement Against the Indigo 1917 Champaran Campaign cultivators 1918 Ahmedabad First hunger strike First non-cooperation 1918 Kheda movement Against the Rowlatt act and 1919 Rowlatt Sathyagraha Jallianwala massacre Non-cooperation and 1920-22 Khilafat movement Gandhi elected as Congress 1924 Belgaum session president Dandi March Gandhi – Irwin Pact 1930 -34 Civil disobedience movement 2nd Roundtable conference Resuming the Civil disobedience movement 1940-41 Individual satyagraha 1942 Quit India movement Do or die 8 www.gradeup.co Important Events during this period Year Events Importance Gandhi gave a call for Rowlatt 1919 Rowlatt act satyagraha 1919 Jallianwala Massacre Khilafat and Non-cooperation 1920-22 Hindu Muslim unity movement 1922 Chauri Chaura incident Gandhi called off NCM 1923 Congress Khilafat Swaraj Party Enter legislative councils All white commission to review the 1927 Simon commission 1919 act To determine the principles of the 1928 Nehru committee report constitution 1929 Jinnah’s 14 points 1929 Lahore session Purna Swaraj 1930 Civil disobedience movement Dandi March Gandhi decides to participate in 1931 Gandhi Irwin Pact the 2nd RTC 1931 2nd RTC held in London 1932 Communal award 1932 Poona Pact 1935 Government of India act Provisional autonomy 18 months rule of Congress 1937 begins 1939-45 World War II begins 1939 Congress ministries resign Linlithgow proposed to seek India’s 1940 August offer cooperation in the World War 1941 Individual Satyagraha 1942 Cripps mission 1942 Quit India movement 1943 Gandhi’s 21 days fast 1944 C R Formula Wavell Plan and Shimla 1945 Conference 1945 INA Trails 1946 RIN Ratings Mutiny 1946 Cabinet mission plan 1946 Formation of Interim government Formation of the constituent 1946 assembly 1947 Atlee’s announcement 1947 Mountbatten Plan 1947 Indian independence act, 1947 9 www.gradeup.co 10