Infection Control Quiz PDF

INFECTION CONTROL SEPT 18, 2024  QUIZ 1. The initial lesion of primary syphilis, represents the portal of entry of bacteria 2. What is the rst step of RISK ASSESSMENT in dental practice 3. Symptoms are: transitory erythematous rash on ears, f...

INFECTION CONTROL SEPT 18, 2024  QUIZ 1. The initial lesion of primary syphilis, represents the portal of entry of bacteria 2. What is the rst step of RISK ASSESSMENT in dental practice 3. Symptoms are: transitory erythematous rash on ears, face and neck 4. Symptoms: fever, fatigue, persistent cough for more than 3 weeks, hemoptysis fi  QUIZ 5. What is the causative agent of #4 6. What is the vaccine of choice for #4 (do not abbreviate) 7. Symptoms are: primary chancre, mucosal lesions, mulberry molars, hutchinson’s incisor 8. What is the causative agent for #7  QUIZ 9. What is the treatment or antibiotic of choice to treat #8 10. Symptoms are: painful, vesicular skin rash that scabs and cause scarring 11. What is the causative agent for #10 12. The virus (#10) becomes latent and resides in the sensory ganglion of what cranial nerve?  QUIZ 13. Symptoms are: microcephaly, cataracts. Deafness, cardiac problems(patent ductus arteriosus), in ammatory lesions of the brain, liver and lungs 14. Chicken pox becomes latent and may eventually become reactivated later in life to cause what infection? 15. A tool for screening Tuberculosis, also known as tuberculin test or Pique test fl SHARP SAFE WORKING IN THE DENTAL PRACTICE SEPTEMBER 18, 2024  SHARP INJURY Refers to any injury or puncture to the skin involving a sharp instrument Involving a bur, syringe needle, suture needle Sharp injuries produce only a minor injury to the skin But may transmit BBV  Probability of seroconverting 1 in 3 for HBV 1 in 30 for HCV 1 in 300 for HIV 1 in 1000 for HIV for mucocutaneous splashing  Probability of seroconverting Hepatitis B is 100 times more Hepatitis C is 10 times more likely to be transmitted than HIV  SHARP INJURY Intact skin creates a barrier to BBV transmission and Infection does not occur through inhalation or via the oro- faecal route Patients infect dentists more  Scenario HBe antigen positive dentist with acute hepatits B who continued to work Infected 6.9% of his patients Happened when he omitted to wear gloves during dental treatment  SHARP INJURY 1.7-3.5 injuries per year (US, Scottish) 1/3 are reluctant to report these injuries Excessive force, bending needles, passing of sharp instruments between dentists and the nurse Sudden movements, closing of the mouth, poor visibility  SHARP INJURY Most injuries happen outside the mouth during resheathing, dismantling or disposal of needles Risk assessment  SAFE HANDLING OF SHARPS Use an instrument rather than ngers to retract the tongue and cheeks when using sharp instruments Do not bend the local anesthetic needle Avoid recapping needles where possible Only recap using a safety needle with a retractable sheath Or use a needle guard fi  SAFE HANDLING OF SHARPS Never resheath needles using an unprotected hand Avoid passing sharp instruments from hand to hand during dental treatment The same sharp instrument should not be touched by more than one person at a time Place the sharp instrument in a neutral zone in the tray  Good practice guide Single use sharps should be discarded immediately after use Never leave sharps on the bracket table to be disposed of by someone else Use disposable safety scalpels which avoids the need to release the blade Do not leave the burs in the handpiece at the end of treatment as they can catch on skin and clothing  Good practice guide Place disposable sharps directly into a rigid puncture- proof yellow lidded waste receptacle When using a disposable syringe and needle, discard as one unit directly into a bin  Good practice guide Place bins conveniently close to the point of use Wall mount or insert into a sturdy base plate Do not place sharp bins on the oor or on an unstable surface Keep aperture closed when the sharp bin is not in use Never try to retrieve any items from the bin fl  MANAGING SHARPS INJURIES Health care workers should have access to 24 hour management of sharp injuries The contact details should be made known to all sta f MANAGING SHARPS INJURIES MANAGING SHARPS INJURIES POST EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS FOR HIV AND HEPATITS B After a sharp injury, studies indicated that there may be a “window period” To avert HIV or HBV by inhibiting viral replication follwing exposure Once HIV crosses the mucosal barrier it will take 48-72 hours before HIV can be detected in a regional lymph node Up to 5 days before it is detected in the blood  POST EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS FOR HIV AND HEPATITS B Initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been shown to reduce dissemination and replication of HIV O ered to HIV negative patients If the patient is positive and on e ective cART, no need Provided that a con rmed and sustained (>6mos) undetectable plasma HIV viral load ff fi ff POST EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS FOR HIV AND HEPATITS B PEP should be initiated as soon as possible (1-2days) Can be o ered until 72 hours Eg RALTEGRAVIR (TRUVADA) for 28 days Ff up every 12 weeks Recipient is monitored for symptoms of illness such as u like illness and skin rash ff fl