HEMATOLOGY-Leukocytes-Week-4-and-5.pdf

HEMATOLOGY (WEEK 4 and 5 SLIDES, September 4, 2024) Leukocytes: The Granulocytic and Agranulocytic Series *Neutrophils – most common *produced in the bone marrow Granulocytes Type I Myelo...

HEMATOLOGY (WEEK 4 and 5 SLIDES, September 4, 2024) Leukocytes: The Granulocytic and Agranulocytic Series *Neutrophils – most common *produced in the bone marrow Granulocytes Type I Myeloblast – no visible granules. Type II Myeloblast – developing azurophilic granules in the Golgi apparatus. Type III Myeloblast – darker chromatin, purple cytoplasm, myeloid leukemia Paranuclear halo in normal promyelocytes, not found in abnormal promyelocytes 2-3 nucleoli in promyelocytes. (formed Primary granules) Myelocyte is the last stage capable of cell division. (Secondary granules) Metamyelocyte has kidney-shaped nucleus. It has tertiary granules.  Precursor of neutrophils Marginated Neutrophil Pool – localized in the liver, spleen, or lungs. Circulated Neutrophil Pool It is a source of cytokines and absorption for Vitamin B12. Primary (azurophilic) Secondary (specific) Tertiary granules granules (Promyelocyte) granules (Myelocyte) (Metamyelocyte + Band) Myeloperoxidase b2-Microglobulin Gelatinase Acid b-glycerophosphatase Collagenase Collagenase Cathepsins Gelatinase Lysozyme Defensins Lactoferrin Acetyltransferase Elastase Neutrophil gelatinase- b2-Microglobulin Proteinase-3 associated lipocalin Transcobalamin I  Deletion of double Charcot-Leyden crystals to determine positive eosinophil (cytochemical stain) thymocytes Antigen presenting cells.  *Basophils – most rare WBC (0 to 1) Allergic reactions, inflammation, and anti-infection are functions of basophils *Mast cell is not considered WBCs (found in tissues)  Agranulocytes *Monocyte is the largest cell in the peripheral blood smear  *Macrophages are present in the tissues *Recognizes bacterial pathogens, foreign bodies, and part of adaptive immunity Phagocytosis Process Opsonization is a process that helps your immune system identify and destroy old cells or germs (pathogens). *T-cells mature in the thymus gland *B lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and also matures in the bone marrow *Humoral immunity = production of antibodies *T lymphocytes CD4 cells = help produce antibodies CD8 cells = cytotoxic functions Lymphocytes recirculate (blood -> tissues -> blood)