Helicopter Operations and Maintenance History PDF

Helicopter Operations and Maintenance History of Helicopter Instructor: Daniela E. Castro  Helicopter Operations and Maintenance History of Helicopter Instructor: Daniela E. Castro  Learning Objectives Identify key milestones in helicopter history. Recognize key figures and th...

Helicopter Operations and Maintenance History of Helicopter Instructor: Daniela E. Castro  Helicopter Operations and Maintenance History of Helicopter Instructor: Daniela E. Castro  Learning Objectives Identify key milestones in helicopter history. Recognize key figures and their contributions to helicopter technology. Discuss how helicopters have evolved from military to civilian use. Explore the potential future advancements in helicopter technology. Activities Interactive discussion on the History of the Helicopter Recitation History of Helicopter  History of Helicopter 1784 | Launoy and Bienvenu’s feather model 1483 | Leonardo da Vinci’s helical airscrew 1843 | Sir George Cayley's steam-powered 1100 | Chinese Flying Top model History of Helicopter Originated over two thousand years ago in China. Known as Chinese Tops. Design: A propeller attached to a stick. Mechanism: Spun rapidly by hand to achieve lift. Significance: Early precursor to helicopter technology. 1100 | Chinese Flying Top Legacy: Similar toys are still popular today  History of Helicopter 1784 | Launoy and Bienvenu’s feather model 1483 | Leonardo da Vinci’s helical airscrew 1843 | Sir George Cayley's steam-powered 1100 | Chinese Flying Top model History of Helicopter Designer: Leonardo da Vinci, renowned artist and inventor. First Known Helicopter Concept: Sketched in 1483. Ornithopters: Included in his sketches, these mimic the flight of birds. Aesthetic Appeal: Known for its visually appealing design. Reality Check: The concept was never constructed or tested. 1483 | Leonardo da Vinci’s Historical Impact: Pioneered early thoughts on helical airscrew vertical flight.  History of Helicopter 1784 | Launoy and Bienvenu’s feather model 1483 | Leonardo da Vinci’s helical airscrew 1843 | Sir George Cayley's steam-powered 1100 | Chinese Flying Top model History of Helicopter Inspiration: Likely inspired by the "Chinese top" principle. First Historical Evidence: Earliest recorded helicopter-like device built. Design: Constructed by French artisans Launoy and Bienvenu. Mechanism: Two propellers made of bird feathers fixed to a shaft. Operation: Strings twisted around the shaft, tensioning a spring in a crossbow arrangement. 1784 | Launoy and Significance: A key step forward in the Bienvenu’s feather model development of helicopter technology.  History of Helicopter 1784 | Launoy and Bienvenu’s feather model 1483 | Leonardo da Vinci’s helical airscrew 1843 | Sir George Cayley's steam-powered 1100 | Chinese Flying Top model History of Helicopter Sir George Cayley: Known as the Father of Aviation. Key Contributions: Discovered the four principles of flight—weight, lift, drag, and thrust. 1804 Glider Design: Created a model monoplane glider with a modern appearance. 1843 | Sir George Cayley's ⚬ Features: Adjustable cruciform tail, steam-powered model kite-shaped wing, moveable weight for gravity control. History of Helicopter 1843 Aerial Carriage: ⚬ Concept: Designed with four umbrella- like propellers for lift. ⚬ Outcome: Never successfully hovered or flew. History of Helicopter 1853 Full-Scale Model: Known as the "governable parachute," carried one of Cayley’s employees aloft. Significance: Laid the foundation for modern aviation principles.  History of Helicopter 1923 | Juan de la Cierva’s Autogiro 1936 | Focke Achegelis Fa 611, the 1916 | Istvan Petroczy and first successful 1907 | Paul Cornu’s Theodore von Karman’s helicopter first man-carrying tethered helicopter helicopter History of Helicopter Paul Cornu: French engineer and bicycle maker, a pioneer in vertical flight. Historic Achievement: Designed and built the first helicopter to perform a manned free flight. Innovative Design: ⚬ Control is achieved through cables altering rotor blade pitch. 1907 | Paul Cornu’s first man- ⚬ Steerable vanes at each end to direct carrying helicopter rotor downwash. History of Helicopter Flight Performance: ⚬ The helicopter made several short hops. ⚬ Rose approximately 1.5 to 2 meters (5–7 feet) off the ground. ⚬ Stayed aloft for less than one 1907 | Paul Cornu’s first man- minute. carrying helicopter  History of Helicopter 1923 | Juan de la Cierva’s Autogiro 1936 | Focke Achegelis Fa 611, the 1916 | Istvan Petroczy and first successful 1907 | Paul Cornu’s Theodore von Karman’s helicopter first man-carrying tethered helicopter helicopter History of Helicopter Collaborators: Istvan Petroczy, Theodore von Karman, and Vilém Žurovec – Hungarian and Czech engineers. Era: Developed the tethered helicopter immediately before and during World War I. Innovation: Focused on vertical flight with a tethered design to test helicopter 1916 | Istvan Petroczy and concepts. Theodore von Karman’s Military Context: The project aimed to tethered helicopter support military observation and reconnaissance during the war History of Helicopter Design Features: ⚬ Early attempts at achieving vertical flight stability. ⚬ The tethered design allowed for controlled testing of lift and propulsion. Legacy: Pioneered the groundwork for future helicopter advancements, 1916 | Istvan Petroczy and Theodore von Karman’s influencing post-war helicopter tethered helicopter development.  History of Helicopter 1923 | Juan de la Cierva’s Autogiro 1936 | Focke Achegelis Fa 611, the 1916 | Istvan Petroczy and first successful 1907 | Paul Cornu’s Theodore von Karman’s helicopter first man-carrying tethered helicopter helicopter History of Helicopter Juan de la Cierva: Spanish aeronautical engineer, full name Juan de la Cierva Codorniu. Invention: Created the Autogiro, an aircraft with lift provided by a freely rotating rotor. Significance: The Autogiro is considered the forerunner of the modern helicopter. Historic Flight: 1923 | Juan de la Cierva’s ⚬ Date: January 17, 1923. Autogiro ⚬ Aircraft: Autogiro No. 4. ⚬ Achievement: Marked the first controlled flight of a rotorcraft. History of Helicopter Technological Impact: ⚬ Introduced the concept of autorotation, where the rotor spins freely in response to the relative airflow, providing lift. ⚬ Laid the foundation for future helicopter designs by proving the viability of rotor- based lift and control. Legacy: De la Cierva’s work directly influenced 1923 | Juan de la Cierva’s the development of helicopters, bridging the Autogiro gap between fixed-wing aircraft and rotorcraft.  History of Helicopter 1923 | Juan de la Cierva’s Autogiro 1936 | Focke Achegelis Fa 611, the 1916 | Istvan Petroczy and first successful 1907 | Paul Cornu’s Theodore von Karman’s helicopter first man-carrying tethered helicopter helicopter History of Helicopter Henrich Focke: German aviation pioneer and co-founder of the Focke-Wulf company. Invention: Developed the Focke-Wulf Fw 61, widely recognized as the first successful and functional helicopter. Historic Flight: ⚬ Date: First flown in 1936. 1936 | Focke Achegelis Fa ⚬ Achievement: The Fw 61 demonstrated 611, the first successful the practicality and functionality of helicopter helicopter flight. History of Helicopter Design Features: ⚬ Twin rotors mounted on outriggers for stability and control. ⚬ Powered by a single radial engine, driving both rotors. ⚬ Capable of controlled vertical takeoff, hovering, and forward flight. 1936 | Focke Achegelis Fa 611, the first successful helicopter History of Helicopter Technological Impact: ⚬ The Fw 61 set new benchmarks for helicopter performance, proving that helicopters could be viable for practical use. ⚬ Influenced subsequent helicopter designs and spurred further development in rotorcraft technology. Legacy: The success of the Fw 61 solidified 1936 | Focke Achegelis Fa helicopters as a distinct and valuable 611, the first successful category of aircraft in aviation history. helicopter History of Helicopter 1939 | Sikorsky VS-300: The first Practical Helicopter in the U.S History of Helicopter Igor Sikorsky: Renowned aviation pioneer and designer, recognized for advancing helicopter technology. Invention: Developed the Sikorsky VS-300, the first successful practical helicopter in the United States. Historic Flight: ⚬ Date: First flown in 1939. ⚬ Achievement: The VS-300 achieved 1939 | Sikorsky VS-300: The controlled, sustained flight and first Practical Helicopter in the demonstrated the practicality of U.S helicopter technology. History of Helicopter Design Features: ⚬ Single Main Rotor: First use a single main rotor with a tail rotor for anti- torque control. ⚬ Construction: Featured a distinctive design with a central fuselage and a streamlined shape. ⚬ Innovations: Introduced many 1939 | Sikorsky VS-300: The elements that became standard in first Practical Helicopter in the future helicopters. U.S History of Helicopter Technological Impact: ⚬ Established the basic configuration for modern helicopters, including the use of a single rotor and tail rotor system. ⚬ Proven concept for vertical flight and hover capability. Legacy: Sikorsky's VS-300 set the stage for the development of modern helicopters 1939 | Sikorsky VS-300: The and influenced future advancements in first Practical Helicopter in the rotorcraft design. U.S Questions and Clarifications Thank you and see you on our next flight!