Healthy Body Quiz Seed PDF

Curriculum Connection Name: ________________________ 90 CS8.4 What are Vital Signs? Our vital signs are measurements of our bodies most basic functions. We can monitor these vital signs to see how healthy we are. Having an issue with...

Curriculum Connection Name: ________________________ 90 CS8.4 What are Vital Signs? Our vital signs are measurements of our bodies most basic functions. We can monitor these vital signs to see how healthy we are. Having an issue with one or more of these vital signs can be useful in detecting a health problem. Read about the three main vital signs that are monitored by doctors and health care providers below. 1) Body Normal body temperatures range from 36.5°C to 37.2°C. Common ways Temperature thermometer in the ear. If someone has a temperature of over 37.2°C, they likely have a fever. A fever indicates that the body is raising its temperature to fight off an infection. 2) Heart Rate Your heart rate is how many times your heart beats per minute. A normal heart rate for someone over the age of 10 can range from 60 to 100 beats per minute. If your heart is beating too much, it means it is working harder. When you exercise, your heart rate will go up a lot. This is normal and good to do as you are training your heart to be more efficient. Some athletes, especially runners, have low resting heart rates at around 40 beats per minute. When someone who is fit does normal everyday activities, their heart rate stays low, which means their heart 3) Respiration A respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. Rate This is measured at rest, not when doing activity. Respiration rates increase when someone has a fever or illness. A doctor may check your respiration rate to confirm an illness. The respiration rate is not used as much as the other vital signs. A normal respiration rate for school aged kids is between 18-30 breaths per minute. 4) Blood Blood pressure is not a vital sign, but it is often used to help monitor Pressure pressure increases the risk of heart attack, heart failure, and stroke. A healthy blood pressure is 120/80. You can check your blood pressure in many pharmacies. Changing Your Vital Signs You can change many of your vital signs by exercising. Your heart rate, body temperature, and respiration rate will go up with exercise, but this is only short term. To change your vital signs long term, it takes time and good healthy lifestyle habits. Exercising, proper nutrition, and sleeping are three of the best ways to improve your vital signs. © Super Simple Sheets supersimplesheets.com  Curriculum Connection Name: ________________________ 92 CS8.4 What is Your Immune System? Being immune means you are protected. That means your bodies immune system is designed to fight off infections and sicknesses. The immune system protects us against microbes. What are Microbes? Microbes are microorganisms that we cannot see that enter our bodies and cause diseases and illnesses. Microbes live in water, soil, and in the air. The five main groups of microbes are bacteria, fungi, viruses, algae, and protozoa. Many of the illnesses we get that cause cold symptoms such as coughs and runny noses are viruses or bacteria that enter our body. How Your Immune System Fights Microbes Primary Defense System Skin, Saliva, Ear Wax, Tears, Gastric Juices, and Cilia The first line of defence is our skin. Microbes cannot enter our skin unless it is cut. That is why we wash our cuts and keep them clean. Tears, ear wax, mucus, and saliva are in your nose, mouth, and/or ears. They contain enzymes that break down the cell wall of many bacteria. Cilia are small hairs lining our windpipe. They move mucus and trapped particles away from our lungs. The particles can be bacteria or harmful materials like dust or smoke. Gastric juices in our stomach will also kill bacteria and parasites. Secondary Defense System White Blood Cells and Antibodies If microbes get into our bodies, the second line of defence is activated. Our bodies have white blood cells that fight against microbes. Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell that chew up invading microbes. Lymphocytes are the other type of white blood cells that allow the body to remember and recognize previously invading microbes so they can know how to destroy them. White blood cells are found in many different places in your body, including your spleen. Your spleen is an organ found in your stomach that works to filter blood and fight infections. White blood cells are also found in bone marrow, which is a thick and spongy jelly that is found inside your bones. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to help fight off infections and other diseases. They are produced in response to the presence of a foreign substance, called an antigen, in the body. When an antigen enters the body, the immune system recognizes it as something that does not belong and triggers the production of antibodies to attack and neutralize it. © Super Simple Sheets supersimplesheets.com  Curriculum Connection Name: ________________________ 94 CS8.4 Vaccines Vaccines work by helping the body to develop immunity to a particular disease. They do this by introducing a small, harmless dose of a specific virus or bacteria into the body. This triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to fight off the infection. After the immune system has successfully fought off the infection, it "remembers" how to defend against that particular pathogen in the future. If the pathogen enters the body again, the immune system will recognize it and quickly produce the necessary antibodies to fight it off, protecting the individual from getting sick. There are several different types of vaccines, including inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, and subunit vaccines. Inactivated vaccines are made from a killed version of the virus or bacteria, while live attenuated vaccines are made from a weakened version of the pathogen. Subunit vaccines, on the other hand, contain only a specific part of the pathogen, such as a protein, rather than the whole organism. Vaccines are an important tool in preventing the spread of infectious diseases and protecting public health. They have been responsible for the eradication of smallpox and the near-eradication of polio and have greatly reduced the incidence of many other infectious diseases, such as measles and rubella. Antibiotics Antibiotics are medications that are used to treat infections caused by bacteria. They work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth, allowing the body's immune system to clear the infection. There are several different types of antibiotics, and each one works in a specific way to target certain types of bacteria. For example, penicillin works by stopping the bacteria's ability to form a cell wall, which is necessary for their survival. Tetracyclines, on the other hand, inhibit the bacteria's ability to produce proteins, which is necessary for their growth and reproduction. It is important to note that antibiotics do not work against infections caused by viruses, such as the common cold or flu. In these cases, antiviral medications may be used instead. Before the discovery of antibiotics, bacterial infections were Tuberculosis a leading cause of death. Many common infections that are easily treatable today could once again become serious or even life- threatening. Pneumonia, tuberculosis, and urinary tract infections would once again be deadly diseases. Since the first vaccine and antibiotics were used, tuberculosis has become a non- existent disease. In Canada in 2022, 0.3 people out of 100,000 people died of tuberculosis. Before vaccines and antibiotics, tuberculosis killed 900 people out of 100,000. These medical advances have lessened the death rate of tuberculosis by a factor of 3000. © Super Simple Sheets supersimplesheets.com