Health Final Study Guide PDF

Final Test Review, Health Education Chapter 1: Understanding Health & Wellness What are the three parts of your total health? List some examples of each. Physical (exercise), Social (respecting others), Emotional (controlling feelings/thoughts) Write a SMART goal. Long term- I will graduate high sch...

Final Test Review, Health Education Chapter 1: Understanding Health & Wellness What are the three parts of your total health? List some examples of each. Physical (exercise), Social (respecting others), Emotional (controlling feelings/thoughts) Write a SMART goal. Long term- I will graduate high school with all As and Bs in 4 years. Short-term- Within 3 months, I will be able to run for 30 minutes without stopping. What is heredity and how does it influence your health? Heredity is the biological passing of traits from parents to offspring; It helps us identify when a person is more at risk for a condition/disease (heart disease, cancer) What is the health continuum and what causes change on this continuum? A range of how healthy you are from early death to a long life. You move in a horizontal fashion. Risky choices move you closer to death, exercise moves you closer to a long life. Early death 🡨-----🡪 Long Life List a few examples of risk behaviors. What is a cumulative risk factor? Smoking, Doing Drugs, Speeding while driving. When you are participating in several risk factors, your chances of early death are greater (i.e., texting while driving & speeding while texting while driving) List some examples of reliable sources on the internet. www.cdc.gov , www.redcross.org What is prevention? What are some examples of how prevention is used to promote a healthy lifestyle? Prevention: To keep something/ reduce chance of happening. Washing hands, abstinence, etc What is culture and how can it influence one’s health? The collective beliefs, customs and values of a group. Cultures have their own beliefs about health care, so what works for one culture will not for another. What are peers and how can they influence one’s health? A group of people that are alike in age and interests. Peers may influence someone to make risky choices that can affect a person’s health. Chapter 2: Taking Charge of your Health What is health fraud and who is most at risk for being a victim of health fraud? The sale of worthless products or services that claim to prevent diseases or cure other health problems. List the different types of advertising techniques and give an example of each. Bandwagon (everyone is doing it), Rich and famous (feel glamorous), free gifts, great outdoors (natural), good times, testimonial (it worked for me…) What is self-esteem? How you feel about yourself. What are I-messages… when should they be used? A message that is said that shares the emotion of the person sharing it. Example: I get upset when you… Styles of communication Passive-avoid expressing emotions, feelings, opinions Assertive-clearly and directly express yourself respectfully (best type to use when you have to refuse something) Aggressive-refuse by shouting, demanding, being critical What does it mean to advocate? Someone who stands up for someone or something Chapter 4: Managing Stress & Coping with Loss What is stress? The body’s response to physical or mental demands or pressure What is a stressor? The cause of stress. (School, Finals, Parents, etc.) What is perception and how does it influence health? Your view of something. People experience perception differently because you see things one way and someone else may see an experience differently. What are the three stages of the stress response & what happens in each of these stages? Alarm- heart rate increase, etc., Resistance- Coping, Fatigue- Tired What is a psychosomatic response? A physical illness/condition that results from stress. (Acne, headaches, etc.) What is chronic stress? Stress that is continuous over a long period of time… death of a loved one, chronic disease, etc. What are the five stages of Elizabeth Kuebler Ross’ stages of grieving (use only the five from the notes)? Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance What is a traumatic event and what is post-traumatic stress disorder? Any event that has a stressful impact sufficient to overwhelm your normal coping strategies. What is the definition of depression? A long state of sadness. Prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness. What are some stress management techniques that we discussed in class? Relaxation techniques, deep breathing, exercise, etc. If you are feeling overwhelmed due to Guidance counselors, Mrs. Simmons, Ms. Cosner, trusted adults, stress or are experiencing emotions that medical professionals are a struggle due to loss, do you know ❖ Reminder: The hypothalamus signals to the pituitary gland, where you would go/who you would which signals the adrenal glands to release adrenaline in talk to? the bloodstream. Chapter 5: Mental & Emotional Health What is anxiety? A condition of feeling uneasy or worried about what may happen. A fear of the unknown. What are some strategies to help reduce test-taking anxiety? Plan well in advance, outline material, note cards, deep breathing during test, positive self-talk, answer all questions you are sure of first. What is depression? (mood disorder) A long state of sadness. Prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness. What are some of the wanring signs of depression? What is apathy? Warning signs- lose interest in things you once enjoyed, sleeping more, eating more/less, apathy (not showing interest in things the person used to be interested in), not showering Be able to identify common anxiety disorders (Phobia, OCD, panic disorder, PTSD, GAD) Phobia- an extreme fear OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)- persistent thoughts, fears, etc., Panic disorder- attacks of sudden, unexplained feelings of terror PTSD- Post traumatic stress disorder- flashbacks, nightmares, constant fear after traumatic event occus GAD- Generalized Anxiety disorder-excessive worry about everyday issues and situations and lasts longer than 6 months Be able to identify common impulse control disorders (Kleptomania, Cutting, Pyromania, Excessive Gambling) Kleptomania-stealing things Cutting-self-harm Pyromania-setting things on fire Excessive gambling-bet on things even though it causes negative consequences in one’s life Be able to identify common mood disorders (manic depression, bipolar disorder) Manic depression/bipolar disorder- alternating periods of elevated, expansive, or irritable moods, called manic episodes. They also include periods of feeling worthless, a lack of concentration, and fatigue called depressive episodes How is drug/alcohol use linked to depression and suicide? Drugs and alcohol are common substances found in one’s system when suicide has occurred. Who is the adult in your life you can talk to about emotional health issues? Trusted adult, parents, medical professionals, guidance counselor, teacher, social workers What resources do you have if you need guidance helping a friend or yourself (hotlines, etc)? Always tell an adult no matter what Text 741741 Rosecrance - 888-928-0010 National Suicide Prevention Hotline - 800-273-8255 What is empathy? When you understand what someone is going through What is stigma and how can education help overcome the stigma associated with mental illness? A mark of shame or disapproval that may result in being judged or shunned. Education helps overcome stigma because it helps to correct misinformation or contradict negative attitudes/behaviors associated with stigma. Body Systems: Skeletal & Muscular Systems What is the scientific name for your collar bone? Clavicle What is the scientific name for your shoulder blade? Scapula What is the scientific name for your knee cap? Patella Which forearm bone is on the thumb-side? Radius What is the scientific name for your finger bones? Phalanges Which type of joint is found at your hip? Ball and Socket Which two types of joint are found at your elbow? Hinge and Pivot What are some of the strategies for making your skeletal system stronger? Take in calcium in your diet (milk, etc.), exercise, eat healthy foods (veggies, etc.) What is scoliosis and how can one be checked to see if they have it? Sideways curvature of the spine; xrays What is the job of a tendon? What is the job of a ligament? Connect Muscles to Bones Connect bones to bones What is osteoporosis? What are some strategies for reducing your risks of developing osteoporosis? A condition in which the bones become weaker and more brittle. Take in more calcium; sit up straight instead of slouching What is carpal tunnel syndrome? A repetitive motion injury… at the wrist where the carpal bones are. What is the name of the muscle found in the front of your femur? Quadriceps Types of Muscle: Cardiac, Skeletal & Smooth- What are they and where are they found? Cardiac- Muscle of the heart, Skeletal- Any muscle attached to a bone, Smooth- Lines passageways of internal organs What is a sprain? What is a strain? Sprain- A tear in a ligament, Strain- A tear in a muscle or tendon How can you help reduce your chances of developing muscle cramps? Drink plenty of water, stretch appropriately before working out, eat a diet high in potassium(bananas/potatoes) Body Systems: Digestive System What is the name of the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach (food passes through it)? What kind of muscle is it made of? Esophagus; smooth muscle How many feet long is the small intestine? 20-23 feet long How many feet long is the large intestine? 5-6 ft long What is peristalsis? Wave-like contraction of muscle that pushes food through the alimentary canal (the path that food actually travels through the digestive system) What is bile? Yellow-green digestive juice that breaks down fats. Made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. What is chyme? The mixture of food and digestive juices that moves from the food to the small intestine. What is an appendicitis and where would you feel pain if you were experiencing an appendicitis? Inflammation of the appendix. Lower right side of the abdominal region What is the main function of the small intestine? Large intestine? Small= Absorption of Nutrients. Large= Absorption of Water Body Systems: Circulatory & Respiratory Systems What is the main artery coming out of the heart (delivering blood to the body)? Aorta What are the four chambers of the heart? Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Right Atrium, Right ventricle Which chamber is the heart’s most powerful chamber? Left Ventricle Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood? Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood? Right Side- Oxygenate, Left Side-Oxygenated What is the main purpose of your circulatory system? Send nutrient rich blood to all parts of the body/cells, remove waste from cells to respiratory system What are the three main components of the circulatory system? Blood, Blood Vessels, Heart What is blood pressure (be able to explain systolic and diastolic pressure)? Healthy blood pressure? Systolic over Diastolic Pressure. Systolic- when ventricles contract, Diastolic- When ventricles relax Healthy- 110/70 What is the function of an artery? What is the function of a vein?What is the function of a capillary? Artery-carry blood away from heart Vein- carry blood toward the heart Capillary-transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells in your organs and body systems Which type of blood cell is responsible for helping to fight infection? White blood cell What is the function of red blood cells? Carry oxygen/energy What is anemia? How can we reduce our chances of developing iron deficiency anemia? Condition in which the ability of the blood to carry oxygen is reduced. Eat nutrient rich, high iron foods What is the name of the tube that connects the mouth/nose to the lungs? Trachea What is the major muscle of breathing? Diaphragm What is the function of cilia? The epiglottis? Alveoli? Cilia help filter out dust, bacteria, etc. Epiglottis is the flap that covers the windpipe when you are swallowing. Alveoli are the air sacs. The capillaries in the alveoli are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. What is pneumonia? What is emphysema? What is Bronchitis? What is asthma? Pneumonia- Inflammation of the lungs, caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Alveoli sell and become clogged with mucus. Emphysema- most always caused by smoking; Destruction of air sacs in the lungs Asthma- Inflammatory condition in which the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles become narrowed, causing difficulty breathing. Attacks are a sign that someone might have asthma. What are some strategies you can use to help protect your respiratory system? Don’t smoke, wash hands regularly, where protective masks when working with hazardous materials Body Systems: Reproductive Systems Which hormone is most predominant in males, concerning the reproductive systems? Testosterone What is the function of the testicles (testes)? They are the structures that produce testosterone &sperm What is the name of the tube that extends from each epididymis to the urethra? Vas Deferens What are some of the strategies that males can use to maintain a healthy reproductive system? Self-Examination for testicular cancer, abstain from sexual intercourse, wear protective equipment, have a healthy diet, visit doctor regularly Trace the path of male reproductive system (path of sperm). (If ejaculation occurs) Created in testes, stored in epidydimis, travel through vas deferens, mixed with fluids from prostate and seminal vesicles, through the urethra, out through penis What is the average age range of the development of testicular cancer in males? When should they start performing TSEs? 15-45 15 What is the average age range of the development of prostate caner in males? 40+ Where are egg cells produced and stored? Ovaries What is ovulation? When the egg is released from the ovary, around day 14 How many days is the average menstrual cycle? What is the role of the endometrium? 28 days Lining of the uterus- builds up and is shed once a month approximately Trace the path of the egg from production to exit from the body (when no fertilization has occurred). Created in the ovary, travels through the fallopian tube, to the uterus, mixes with endometrium, through cervix, out through the vagina What are some of the strategies a female can use to maintain a healthy reproductive system? Abstinence, have regular medical exams, bathe regularly (do not use scented soaps) What is the term for the time when the egg and sperm meet? Conception/fertilization In order for fertlization to occur, where does the egg need to be? Fallopian tube The names of the stages of the newly formed life are known as what (there are 3 names)? Zygote, Embryo, Fetus When the egg and sperm meet, they travel together as one through the fallopian tube. About six days after fertilization the newly formed life implants into what female reproductive structure? Uterus The newly formed life is held in a fluid filled sac known as what? Amniotic sac For about how many months is a healthy pregnancy 9 months When two eggs and two sperm meet after sexual intercourse, the type of twins that result are what (identical or fraternal)? Fraternal What is the Abandoned Newborn Infant Protection Act? Allows the parents of an infant to remain anonymous, if they so choose, and avoid both civil and criminal liability for relinquishing care of a child Be able to identify common sexually transmitted infections, along with AIDS, by their description, including pathogens and symptoms. First Aid & CPR What are the steps in performing CPR? 30 compressions, 2 breaths What are the signs of a stroke? Paralysis on one side of the body, slurred speech What does “F.A.S.T.” stand for when assessing for a stroke? Face, Arm, Speech and Time What are the four links in the cardiac chain of survival (in order)? Early Recognition, Early CPR, Early AED, Early Advanced Life Support What are some of the signals that a person is having trouble breathing? wheezing, coughing, color of face/lips turning blue, gasping for air What are some of the signs of a heart attack? Pain in chest- behind sternum, pain in arm- left, shortness of breath, profuse sweating What is the care that you would give to help prevent shock Calm the victim, elevate any areas that are bleeding severely, do NOT give anything to eat or drink When helping someone who is bleeding severely, what is the first step you would take? Put on protective gear, ask if you can help and then apply pressure. What are the different types of burns and what is the care for each of them? Superficial, Partial-Thickness, Full-Thickness What do you do if you suspect a person has been poisoned? Call 9-1-1 or Poison Control What are Good Samaritan Laws? You do not have to rescue someone in need, and you cannot be held liable for not taking action if you see someone in need of aid Drug Education Unit: From Guest Speaker In relation to drug use, what does withdrawal mean? Changes experienced when you stop using alcohol or drugs. Symptoms are shakiness, nausea, fatigue, runny nose, sweating, muscle pain What is addiction? Use of substances or engage in behaviors that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences What is tolerance? When the body gets used to a medicine so that either more medicine is needed or different medicine is needed. How does drug use affect the community &families? Causes a child to feel emotionally/physically neglected and unsafe, may blame themselves, experience guilt and self-blame, damages families What is the impact of drug use on society? Costs the nation more than $120 billion per year in lost productivity (jail, job loss, hospitalization, early death) What are the dangers of abusing prescription medication? Overdose causes death; withdrawal symptoms that can include nervous system hyperactivity and seizures Stimulants can cause dangerously high body temperature, heart problems, high blood pressure, seizures or tremors, hallucinations, aggressiveness, and paranoia Which area of the brain is most at risk for permanent damage from drug/alcohol use, especially until the age of 25 (as estimated by professionals)? Prefrontal cortex What is the number one abused drug by teens Alcohol What are inhibitions? How are they affected by drug use (including alcohol)? A feeling that makes one self-conscious and unable to act in a relaxed and natural way; can lead to social, legal, sexual, and domestic problem