Canadian Health Care System PDF

Canadian Health Care System Clinical Kinesiology Graduate Certificate- Professional Practice Health Care In Canada Universal coverage for medically necessary health care services provided on the basis of need Best described as an interlocking set of 10 provincial and 3 territorial health...

Canadian Health Care System Clinical Kinesiology Graduate Certificate- Professional Practice Health Care In Canada Universal coverage for medically necessary health care services provided on the basis of need Best described as an interlocking set of 10 provincial and 3 territorial health systems. Known as “medicare”, the system provides access to a broad range of health services Reforms occur in response to changes within medicine throughout society 2 Health Care in Canada Most of Canada’s health care services are delivered through provincial and territorial health insurance plans Provincial and territorial health plans are expected to meet national principles Services are funded by the provincial and territorial governments with assistance from federal cash and tax transfers 3  Evolution of Health Care in Canada Constitution Act, 1867, establishes provincial responsibility for maintaining and managing hospitals, asylums, charities and charitable institutions. The federal government had jurisdiction over marine hospitals and quarantine. Before WWII, health care in Canada was mostly privately delivered and funded 1947, Saskatchewan introduced a province-wide universal hospital plan, other provinces followed shortly after In 1962 Saskatchewan introduced a universal, provincial medical insurance plan to provide doctors’ services to residents. The federal government passed the Medical Care Act in 1966 offering reimbursement/cost-sharing with the provinces for medical services by a doctor outside of a hospital. Within 6 years all provinces and territories had a universal plan. 4 Canada Health Act, 1984 Establishes criteria and conditions for health insurance plans that must be met by provinces and territories in order for them to receive full federal cash transfers in support of health Provinces and territories are required to provide reasonable access to medically necessary hospital and doctors’ services Primary objective of Canadian health care policy is “to protect, promote and restore the physical and mental well-being of residents of Canada and to facilitate reasonable access to health services without financial or other barriers” 5 6 Provincial and Territorial Government Role The roles of the provincial and territorial governments in health care include: Administration of health insurance plans Planning and funding of care in hospitals and other facilities Services provided by doctors and other health professionals Planning and implementation of health promotion and public health initiatives Negotiation of fee schedules with health professionals 7 Service Delivery Primary Health Care Services Secondary Services Additional/Supplementary Services 8 Ontario Health Work Force Regulated Health Non-Regulated Health Professions Professions May or may not be required to be a There are 29 distinct professions regulated by member of an association 26 regulatory colleges Provides health care or other care to clients and patients Over 400,000 regulated healthcare Not regulated under the Regulated professionals in Ontario Health Professions Act Regulated under the Regulated Health Professions Act (RHPA) 9  Ontario Regulated Health Professional Act The Regulated Health Professions Act, 1991 (RHPA) is the legislation that governs Ontario's regulated health professions' Colleges. Professions also have their own professional statutes, e.g., Physiotherapy Act, 1991, that lay out additional, individual definitions, scopes of practice, and authorized acts. The RHPA and associated health profession Acts, set out the governing framework for regulated health professions in Ontario. Health regulatory colleges, regulate the professions in the public interest Responsible for ensuring that regulated health professionals provide health services in a safe, professional and ethical manner. This includes: Setting standards of practice for the profession Investigating complaints about members of the profession and, where appropriate, disciplining them Key Features of the RHPA Scope of practice: A statement that describes what the profession does Controlled acts: Procedures or activities which may pose a risk to the public if not performed by a qualified practitioner Health regulatory colleges: A corporation that governs each regulated health profession responsible for regulating the practice of the profession and governing its members according to the RHPA Health Professions Regulatory Advisory Council: An independent, arms-length advisory body to the Minister of Health and Long-Term Care with a mandate to advise the Minister of a number of items related to the regulation of health professions Health Professions Appeal and Review Board: An independent third party with a mandate to review registration and complaints decisions of the health regulatory College 11  Health Professions Procedural Code Sets out a comprehensive set of rules that all regulatory colleges must follow when Registering new members Investigating complaints Disciplining members of the profession The code is embedded into each health profession Act These rules ensure that health professional regulation in Ontario is open, transparent, accessible and fair for Those seeking to become regulated health professionals The regulated health professionals who are governed by the health regulatory colleges The patients and members of the public, whom the legislative framework is meant to protect Features of The Health Professions Procedural Code Registering members Handling complaints Carrying out discipline hearings Handling fitness to practice hearings Quality assurance program Patient relations program Mandatory reporting Funding for victims of sexual abuse by members Appeal processes regarding registration and complaint decisions 13 Controlled Acts: In Ontario 1. Communicating a diagnosis or disorder as the cause of symptoms 2. Performing a procedure on tissue below the dermis, the surface of a mucous membrane, in or below the surface of the cornea, or in or below the surfaces of the teeth, including scaling of the teeth 3. Setting or casting a fracture of a bone or dislocation of a joint 4. Moving the joints of the spine beyond the individuals usual physiological range of motion using a fast, low amplitude thrusts 5. Administering a substance by injection or inhalation  Controlled Acts: In Ontario 6. Putting an instrument, hand or finger, i. beyond the external ear canal, ii. beyond the point in the nasal passages where they normally narrow, iii. beyond the larynx, iv. beyond the opening of the urethra, v. beyond the labia majora, vi. beyond the anal verge, or vii. into an artificial opening into the body. 7. Applying or ordering the application of a form of energy prescribed by the regulations under this Act. 8. Prescribing, dispensing, selling or compounding a drug as defined in the Drug and Pharmacies Regulation Act, or supervising the part of a pharmacy where such drugs are kept. 9. Prescribing or dispensing, for vision or eye problems, subnormal vision devices, contact lenses or eye glasses other than simple magnifiers. Controlled Acts: In Ontario 10. Prescribing a hearing aid for a hearing impaired person. 11. Fitting or dispensing a dental prosthesis, orthodontic or periodontal appliance or a device used inside the mouth to protect teeth from abnormal functioning. 12. Managing labour or conducting the delivery of a baby. 13. Allergy challenge testing of a kind in which a positive result of the test is a significant allergic response. 14. Treating, by means of psychotherapy technique, delivered through a therapeutic relationship, an individual’s serious disorder of thought, cognition, mood, emotional regulation, perception or memory that may seriously impair the individual’s judgement, insight, behaviour, communication or social functioning. 1991, c. 18, s. 27 (2); 2007, c. 10, Sched. L, s. 32; 2007, c. 10, Sched. R, s. 19 (1). Professional Association vs. Regulatory College Promote and advocate for the profession and professionals In some circumstances they may certify members Ie. Canadian Society Exercise Physiology There may/may not a membership fee Belonging can help build a professional, network etc. Belonging and being certified under these organizations does not make you regulated under the RHPA 18 Kinesiology in Ontario College of Kinesiologists of Ontario COKO Role The College’s role is to protect the public. They do this by: Setting requirements to enter the profession so that only qualified individuals can practise kinesiology. Maintaining on its website a list of individuals qualified to practise kinesiology, known as the public register, or Find a Kinesiologist. Developing rules and guidelines for kinesiologists' practice and conduct, including a code of ethics. Investigating complaints about kinesiologists’ practice and disciplining when necessary. Current discipline cases & completed discipline case summaries are PUBLIC Requiring kinesiologists to participate in a quality assurance program to ensure that their knowledge and skills are up-to-date. 20 Regulatory College Associations 22 College Council The College is run by a Council, similar to a board of directors 10 kinesiologists are elected by their peers from across the province 3 yr term Between 6-8 public members are appointed to the Council by the Ontario Government Council directs a staff team lead by the registrar of the College Council meets a minimum of 4 times per year Meetings are open to the public and meeting minutes are available online 23 College Committees Statutory Committees Non-Statutory Committees Executive Committee Planning and Finance Committee Registration Committee Examination Committee Quality Assurance Committee Item Writing Committee Inquiries, Complaints, and Reports Committee Examination Appeals Committee Discipline Committee CKO-Universities Liaison Committee Fitness to Practice Committee Patient Relations Committee 24 CKO Practice Standards Supervision and Education of Advertising Conflict of Interest Code of Ethics Consent Students & support Personnel Discharging a Professional Dual Health Care Fees & Billing Infection Control Client Boundaries Professional Record Keeping Sexual Abuse Collaboration 25 Use of Title & Designations Only members of the College of Kinesiologists of Ontario (the College) are permitted to use the protected title “kinesiologist” or any variation or abbreviation thereof or an equivalent in another language. Members of the College are permitted to use the following titles: Registered Registered Kinesiologist Kinesiologist Registered R.Kin Kinesiologist R.Kin in the General in the Inactive Kinesiologist (Inactive) Class Class 26  What Is A Kinesiologist? 27  Kinesiology Kinesiology is the scientific study of human movement, performance and function. The practice of kinesiology incorporates the sciences of biomechanics, anatomy and physiology, and considers neuroscience and psychosocial factors. Kinesiologists use evidence-based research to treat and prevent injury and disease, and to improve movement and performance. Kinesiologists work with people of all ages and physical abilities in many settings to help them achieve their health and wellness goals and improve quality of life. Some areas of kinesiology practice include: health promotion Injury rehabilitation chronic disease management ergonomics and workplace safety fitness and athletics return to work planning and disability management public health 28  Scope of Practice “the assessment of human movement and performance and its rehabilitation and management to maintain, rehabilitate or enhance movement and performance.” This scope is broad and includes many distinct areas of practice, which may be referred to differently, but are considered kinesiology services. You ARE practicing as a kinesiologist if you are applying the knowledge, skill, & judgement obtained in your undergraduate kinesiology degree. It’s important for you to understand when you are practicing within scope and when you are not 29  Clinical practice means that you are using the essential competencies of kinesiology to provide direct service/care to patients/clients. Scope of Non-clinical practice involves using the essential competencies of Practice of a kinesiology outside the provision of Kinesiologist direct service/care to patients/clients. Mixed practice means that you work in a non-clinical role and provide direct service/care. Kinesiology Scope of Practice Personal Scope of Practice 31