Health Beliefs and Practices PDF

Health Beliefs and Practices Objectives By the end of this lecture the student will be able to : - Defining Health Promotion. -Identify Concept of Holism and holistic nursing. - Discuss Abraham Maslow Hierarchy for human needs. - Discuss Concept of health, wellness, wellbeing, illness and diseases....

Health Beliefs and Practices Objectives By the end of this lecture the student will be able to : - Defining Health Promotion. -Identify Concept of Holism and holistic nursing. - Discuss Abraham Maslow Hierarchy for human needs. - Discuss Concept of health, wellness, wellbeing, illness and diseases. - Describe seven components of wellness. - Discuss Variables influencing health status beliefs and practices Definitions:  Health promotion: defined as “behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and actualize human health potential,”  Disease prevention or health protection: defined as “behavior motivated by a desire to actively avoid illness, detect it early, or maintain functioning within the constraints of illness” Concept of Holism and holistic nursing:  Nurses are concerned with the individual as a whole, complete, or holistic person, not as an assembly of parts and processes.  In nursing, the concept of holism emphasizes that nurses must keep the whole person in mind and strive to understand how one area of concern relates to the whole person. The nurse must also consider the relationship of the individual to the external environment and to others. Needs Theories  In needs theories, human needs are ranked on an ascending scale according to how essential the needs are for survival.  Abraham Maslow, perhaps the most renowned needs theorist, ranks human needs on five levels  Self actualization Esteem and self-respect Belongingness and affection safety and security Physiologic need The five levels in ascending order:  Physiological needs: Needs such as air, food, water, shelter, rest, sleep, activity, and temperature maintenance are crucial for survival.  Safety and security needs: The need for safety has both physical and psychological aspects. The person needs to feel safe, both in the physical environment and in relationships.  Love and belonging needs: The third level of needs includes giving and receiving affection, attaining a place in a group, and maintaining the feeling of belonging. Continue The five levels in ascending order  Self-esteem needs: The individual needs both self- esteem (i.e., feelings of independence, competence, and self-respect) and esteem from others (i.e., recognition, respect, and appreciation).  Self-actualization: When the need for self-esteem is satisfied, the individual strives for self-actualization, the innate need to develop one’s maximum potential and realize one’s abilities and qualities.  Health, Wellness, and Illness Definition of health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well- being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (World Health Organization WHO) wellness: is a state of well-being. Well-being: is a subjective perception of vitality and feeling well. Wellness Wellness is a state of well-being: Basic aspects of wellness include self-responsibility; an ultimate goal; a dynamic, growing process; daily decision making in the areas of nutrition, stress management, physical fitness, preventive health care, and emotional health; and, most importantly, the whole being of the individual. Components of wellness: 1- Physical. 2- Social. 3- Emotional. 4- Intellectual. 5- Spiritual. 6- Occupational. 7- Environmental. Continue Components of wellness:  Environmental. The ability to promote health measures that improve the standard of living and quality of life in the community. This includes influences such as food, water, and air.  Social. The ability to interact successfully with people and within the environment of which each person is a part, to develop and maintain intimacy with significant others, and to develop respect and tolerance for those with different opinions and beliefs.  Emotional. The ability to manage stress and to express emotions appropriately. Emotional wellness involves the ability to recognize, accept, and express feelings and to accept one’s limitations. Continue Components of wellness:  Physical. The ability to carry out daily tasks, achieve fitness (e.g., pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal), maintain adequate nutrition and proper body fat, avoid abusing drugs and alcohol or using tobacco products, and generally practice positive lifestyle habits.  Spiritual. The belief in some force (nature, science, religion, or a higher power) that serves to unite human beings and provide meaning and purpose to life. It includes a person’s own morals, values, and ethics. Continue Components of wellness:  Intellectual. The ability to learn and use information effectively for personal, family, and career development. Intellectual wellness involves striving for continued growth and learning to deal with new challenges effectively.  Occupational. The ability to achieve a balance between work and leisure time. A person’s beliefs about education, employment, and home influence personal satisfaction and relationships with others Health status, beliefs and practices  Health status. State of health of an individual at a given time.  Health beliefs. Concepts about health that an individual believes are true.  Health behaviors. The actions people take to understand their health state, maintain an optimal state of health, prevent illness and injury, and reach their maximum physical and mental potential. Variables influencing health status, beliefs and practices : Internal Variables. Non modifiable External Variables.  Internal Variables: include:  Biologic dimension. (Genetic makeup, sex, age)  Psychologic dimension (emotional). (mind– body interactions and self-concept)  Cognitive dimension. (lifestyle choices and spiritual and religious beliefs) Variables influencing health status, beliefs and practices con… :  External Variables: include:  Environmental. (Geographic location determines climate)  Standard of living. (reflecting occupation, income, and education)  Family. (a man who was abused as a child may physically abuse his own children)  Social support networks. Illness and disease:  Illness: is a state in witch the person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is thought to be diminished. Illness classified as: 1- Acute illness: is typically characterized by symptoms of relatively short duration. 2- chronic illness: is one that lasts for an extended period, usually 6 months or longer, and often for the person’s life.  Disease: is an alteration in body functions resulting in a reduction in of capacities or a shortening of the normal life span. Any Question?