Health and Wellness PDF

Health and Wellness Dr. Nagwa Mohamed Helmy Associated professor Of Medical Surgical and Critical Nursing  Out lines:  Introduction  Definition of health, wellness and disease  The human dimensions  Models of health and illness  Factors /variables influencing healt...

Health and Wellness Dr. Nagwa Mohamed Helmy Associated professor Of Medical Surgical and Critical Nursing  Out lines:  Introduction  Definition of health, wellness and disease  The human dimensions  Models of health and illness  Factors /variables influencing health belief and practices  Stages of changing health behaviors  Definition of illness  Types of illness  Level of prevention  Introduction Nurses’ understanding of health and wellness largely determines the scope and nature of nursing practice. Clients’ health beliefs influence their health practices. Some clients think of health and wellness (or well- being) as the same thing or, at the very least, as accompanying one another. However, health may not always accompany well-being: A client who has a terminal illness may have a sense of well-being; conversely, another client may lack a sense of well- being yet be in a state of good health. For many years, the concept of disease was the yardstick by which health was measured. Concepts of Health, Wellness, and Well- Being  Health, wellness, and well-being have many definitions and interpretations. The nurse should be familiar with the most common aspects of the concepts and consider how they may be individualized with specific clients.  Definition of Health  Health is more than the absence of disease!  A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1947)  A state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle  In other word ,just because you feel okay doesn't mean you are okay. Wellness :is the act of practicing healthy habits on a daily basis to attain better physical and mental health out comes Disease :is a change in structure or function of body systems or the human mind  Models of Health and Illness  1-Health Belief Model  Addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behaviors  It has three component : Individual perception of susceptibility to an illness Individual perception of seriousness of illness Likelihood of taking preventive action  2-Health Promotion Model  Directed at increasing a patient’s level of well-being  It encourage health professional to provide positive resources to help patient achieve desired changes Models of Health and Illness (cont’d) 3-Basic Human Needs Model Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs  Attempts to meet the patient’s basic needs Self-actualization Self-esteem Love and Belonging Safety and Security Physiological  4-Holistic Health Model  Attempts to create conditions that promote optimal health Look at patient as whole person not only to his disease.  Variables Influencing Health and Health Beliefs and Practices  Variables influence how a person thinks and acts.  Health beliefs can negatively or positively influence health behavior or health practices.  Health beliefs and practices are influenced by internal and external variables and should be considered when planning care.  Quick Quiz! 1. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which of these needs would the patient seek to meet first? A. Self-actualization B. Psychological security C. Shelter D. Love and belonging  Internal Variables Developmental Stage Intellectual Background Perception of Functioning Emotional Factors Spiritual Factors External Variables Family Practices Socioeconomic Factors Cultural Background  Quick Quiz! 2. After evaluating a patient’s external variables, the nurse concludes that health beliefs and practices can be influenced by A. Emotional factors. B. Intellectual background. C. Developmental stage. D. Socioeconomic factors.  Health Promotion, Wellness, and Illness Prevention 1. Immunization Programs 2. Routine Exercise, Good Exercise 3. Physical Awareness, Stress Management, Self-Responsibility  Levels of Prevention  Primary  True prevention that lowers the chances that a disease will develop  Secondary  Focuses on those who have a disease or are at risk to develop a disease  Tertiary  Occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible  Three Level of prevention Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Health Specific Early Disability Restoration promotion protection diagnosis limitations and ( health (use of &prompt (adequate Rehabilitation education – specific treatment treatment to good immunization ( screening arrest standard of –protection of activities and disease and nutrition) occupational selective prevent hazards examinations further ,accidents, ) complication ) carcinogens )  Quick Quiz! 3. You will use the concept of primary prevention when instructing a patient to A. Get a flu shot every year. B. Take a blood pressure reading every day. C. Explore hiring a patient with a known disability. D. Undergo physical therapy following a cerebrovascular accident.  Risk Factors  Variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or a group to an illness or accident  Risk factors include:  Genetic and physiological factors  Age  Environment  Lifestyle  Stages Of Changing Health Behaviors  1-Precontemplation  Not intending to make changes within the next 6 months  2-Contemplation  Considering a change within the next 6 months  3-Preparation  Making small changes in preparation for a change in the next month  Changing Health Behaviors (cont’d) Improvement in health may involve a change in health behaviors.  4-Action  Actively engaged in strategies to change behavior; lasts up to 6 months  5-Maintenance stage  Sustained change over time; begins 6 months after action has started and continues indefinitely  6- Termination  Illness  A state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired  The classical definition of illness : An unhealthy condition or unhealthy state of body or mind  Types of illness  Acute Illness  Short duration and severe  Symptoms often appear abruptly ,subside quickly  Chronic Illness  Persists longer than 6 months  Usually has a slow onset  Quick Quiz! 4. Sally has decided to set aside 30 minutes a day to walk after work next week. Sally is in what stage of risk factor modification? A. Precontemplation B. Contemplation C. Preparation D. Action E. Maintenance  Illness Behavior  Involves how people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms  Influenced by many variables and must be considered by the nurse when planning care  Internal variables  Perception of illness and nature of illness  External variables  Visibility of symptoms, social group, cultural background, economics, and accessibility to health care  Impact of Illness on the Patient and Family  Behavioral and emotional changes  Impact on body image  Impact on self-concept  Impact on family roles  Impact on family dynamics Patient Teaching: Lifestyle Changes  Objective  Patient will reduce health risks related to poor lifestyle habits through behavior change.  Teaching strategies  Provide active listening, ask about perceived barriers, assist the patient in establishing goals, and reinforce the process of change.  Nurses can help clients adjust their lifestyles by these means:  Provide explanations about necessary adjustments.  Make arrangements wherever possible to accommodate the client’s lifestyle.  Encourage other health professionals to become aware of the client’s lifestyle practices and to support healthy aspects of that lifestyle.  Reinforce desirable changes in practices with a view to making them a permanent part of the client’s lifestyle. Patient Teaching: Lifestyle Changes (cont’d)  Evaluation  Have the patient maintain an exercise and eating calendar to track adherence, and provide positive reinforcement.  Quiz question 1. The nurse is working in a clinic that is designed to provide health education and immunizations. As such, this clinic is designed to provide A. Secondary prevention B. Tertiary prevention C. Primary prevention D. Diagnosis and prompt intervention 2. The patient has quit smoking and has been smoke free for the past 2 years. Of the following stages, which best fits her current stage of change? A. Maintenance B. contemplation C. preparation D. action 1. The patient is describing moderate incisional pain that was not relieved by the last dose of medication. The nurse repositions the patient, asks what type of music she likes, and puts on the music on the television. The nurse is utilizing which health care model? A. Basic human needs model B. Holistic health model C. Health belief model D. Health promotion model 1. Immunization programs protect patients from actual or potential threats to health. this activities consider A. Illness prevention B. Active health promotion C. Passive health promotion D. Wellness education Thank you