First Aid PDF

UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES If the first aider does not feel a pulse within 10 seconds, start chest compressions. (Adult What are Unintentional Injuries? and ch...

UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES If the first aider does not feel a pulse within 10 seconds, start chest compressions. (Adult What are Unintentional Injuries? and child, check carotid pulse. Infant, check Unintentional injuries are sometimes called brachial pulse). accidental injuries. An accident is a sequence 3. Compression, Airway, and Breathing of unexpected events that could result to (CAB) injury, property damage, and even death. C.A.B. is a sequence in facilitating Examples of these accidents are vehicular cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) accidents, poisoning, drowning, and which is a technique in lifesaving household fires especially when a person’s breathing What is safety education? or heartbeat has stopped. Safety education includes knowledge, skills, For adults, the following should be informed and attitudes that could help minimize or during CPR: avoid risks or dangers at home, school, Kneel beside the victim's chest, and place the community, and in any situations. heel of one hand over the heel of the other What is first aid? hand in the middle of the chest. Keep your elbows straight, and position your It is the immediate care given to a person shoulders directly above your hands to make who has been injured or suddenly taken ill. It the best use of your weight. Avoid includes self-help and home catre if medical compressing the chest with your fingers, for assistance is not available or is delayed. this can damage the ribs of the victim. Push down with steady, firm thrusts, Objectives of First Aid: compressing the chest 1-2 inches at a rate of To lessen the pain about 100 times a minute. The pushing down To prevent further injury or danger and letting up phase of each cycle should be To preserve life equal in duration. Avoid jabbing. To hasten recovery For children ages 1-8, the following A first aider is trained personnel who provides modifications apply: first aid. Since accidents or unintentional injury Use one hand rather than both hands. may happen anytime, you must learn the Compress the chest to about one-third to basics of first aid. one-half of its depth. What are the things that the first aider must For infants, the following modifications apply: take into consideration when assessing the injury of the victim? Cover the baby's mouth and nose with your mouth, and deliver a rescue breath. Check if PRIMARY SURVEY – This is a quick and systematic the chest is rising. survey of the person to find out if there are Compress the chest one-half to one inch, conditions or injuries sustained as life threatening using only two fingers. 1. Check for consciousness 4. Open the Airway (all ages) Check for the victim’s response by touching him/her on the shoulder. Position the victim facing up on a firm Shout, “Hey, are you OK?” twice. surface. Then, check for any movement. Open the airway by gently tilting the head If unresponsive, immediately activate back with one hand and lifting the chin with emergency medical service. Call 117 the other. (Philippine Emergency Code) or the Look, listen, and feel for breathing. It should contact number of the nearest take no more than 10 seconds. hospital. If breathless, begin rescue breathing. 2. Check for pulse (circulation) 5. Begin Rescue Breathing Wounds should be dressed and bandaged after bleeding is controlled. Take a normal breath before each rescue Proper wound care enhances healing, breath. Each rescue breath should last for a comforts the victim, and helps in fast second. Make sure the chest falls between recovery. rescue breaths. Improper wound care can cause infection Give two rescue breaths that will make the and may even result in loss of body parts. chest rise, for every thirty chest compressions. Dressing – A dressing is a special material that is If the chest does not rise, readjust the head used to cover a wound (Merriam-Webster). It is tilt and chin lift positions and ventilate again intended to control bleeding, prevent infection, until you see the chest rise. absorb blood, drain and protect the wound from If the person's chest does not rise despite further injury. positioning, suspect an obstruction. Principles of Wound Dressing SECONDARY SURVEY – Secondary survey is the 1. Wash your hands properly. systematic method of gathering additional 2. Use a dressing large enough to extend beyond information pertaining to the victim's injuries. It is a the wound edges. Place it directly over the wound. more detailed and thorough examination to 3. Cover the dressing with a bandage. determine the extent of injury or illness. Bandaging Valuable information are as follow: A bandage is a strip of fabric used to dress 1. PASAC and bind up wounds. It should be clean and ⎯ Patient’s name sterile. ⎯ Age Bandaging Techniques for Unintentional ⎯ Sex/Gender Injuries Bandaging is done to hold a dressing ⎯ Address in place, to apply pressure over a wound, and ⎯ Contact number to support a limb and immobilize it. 2. Vital signs Avoid applying bandages too tightly to ⎯ Temperature ensure adequate blood supply to the injured ⎯ Pulse rate part. If there is no pulse below the limb and ⎯ Respiratory rate the skin turns cold and bluish, loosen the ⎯ Blood pressure bandage. ⎯ Pain The parts of a triangular bandage are as follow 3. Sample history (medical cases) Base - longest side ⎯ Signs and symptoms Point - corner opposite the base ⎯ Allergies ⎯ Medication End - other two corners ⎯ Past/present medical history ⎯ Last oral intake ⎯ Events leading to injury 4. Head-to-toe examination (trauma cases) ⎯ Deformity ⎯ Contusion ⎯ Abrasion Triangular Bandage ⎯ Puncture commonly used to support fractures and ⎯ Burns dislocations This can be used to form slings ⎯ Tenderness and cravats. ⎯ Laceration When using a triangular bandage as a sling ⎯ Swelling or cravat, use a square or reef knot to keep it Dressings and Bandages secure and prevent it from slipping off. Cravat Bandage  It is a folded triangular bandage. It is used to hold splints in place for stabilizing an injured arm. It is used to apply pressure evenly over a dressing and as a blinder around then body of the victim. Bandaging Techniques